Service Information

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Swing motor, principle of Service Information 10/11/2018
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EC200D Volvo

Swing motor, principle of operation

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EC200D Volvo

Hydraulic motor

Figure 1
Operation, slew motor

1 Valve plate L Low pressure oil

2 Shoe H High pressure oil
3 Swash plate O Outlet port
4 Cylinder block I Inlet port
5 Piston
6 Drive shaft

When high pressure oil from the hydraulic pump delivered via the main control valve, enters port (a) of valve plate (1), it flows to
half of the 9 pistons spaced equidistance in cylinder block (4) and pushes the pistons out of the bores against the inclined swash
plate, generating force F in an axial direction.
Force F vector divides into components of radial force F1, F2, and is transmitted sequentially via pistons (5) to cylinder block (4),
generating a rotational torque causing the cylinder block splined to output drive shaft (6) to rotate.
The top dead center port (A) is the starting point of the high pressure rotational cycle : for 180° the pistons move out of the
bores as they slide along the swash plate toward bottom dead center port (B), then they begin moving into the bores
discharging low pressure oil to the return circuit. If the supply port and return port are interchanged, the slew motor rotates in
the opposite direction.
The theoretical output torque T is calculated by the following formula.
T =(p × q) / (2 × π)
p : Effective differential pressure, kgf/cm²
q : Capacity per one rotation, cc/rev
Anti–cavitation check valve

Figure 2
Circuit

1. Control valve
2. Return

The motor can be rotated faster than supplied oil flow because there is no counter–balancing valve to prevent overspeed. In
order to prevent cavitation of the motor, oil compensating insufficient flow is drawn through the anti cavitation check valve.
Relief valve (type : KRD 22EK10)
Pressurizing relief valve

 Figure (1)

Consider pressurizing the port P from the tank pressure.

Figure 3
Figure (1)

A¹ Pressure applied area

301 Plunger g Chamber n
302 Piston 1 h Chamber h
321 Spring n Orifice n
m Orifice m

In the condition shown in the figure (1) right, the ports P and R are initially subjected to the tank pressure.
This relief valve starts moving at the pressure where the hydraulic force determined by the pressure-applied area A, of the
plunger (301) multiplied by the pressure P is balanced with the load F ᵖ of the spring (321) plus the hydraulic force determined
by the pressure-applied area A, of the plunger (301) multiplied by the pressure Pᵍ in the chamber g.
Then, pressure in the chamber g rises, and the piston 1 (302) begins its stroke. The load of the spring (321) increases along with
this movement.
This behavior above pressurizes and controls the relieving pressure P from P¹ to Pᵍ in the pressurizing time t¹. (Refer to the figure
right.)
Explanation is made below about this process with regard to the relationship between the moving conditions of each of the
parts shown in Figs. (2) through (4) and the relieving pressure.

 Figure (2)

Figure 4
Figure (2)
When the port P of the relief valve is pressurized, pressure occurs in the chamber g through the orifice m inside the plunger
(301).
When pressure applying to the plunger (301) increases to the amount at which the hydraulic force balances with the load F ᵖ of
the spring (321), the relief valve relieves at the pressure P¹.
The relationship above can be expressed in the equation below.
P¹ × A¹ = F ᵖ¹ + Pᵍ¹ × A²
F ᵖ¹ : Initial set load of the spring (321)

 Figure (3)

Figure 5
Figure (3)
Pressure in the chamber g applies to the pressure-applied area (A³–A⁴) of the piston 1 (302).
When this hydraulic force becomes larger than the load of the spring (321), the piston 1 begins its stroke leftward.
On that occasion, as the piston 1 moves left, displacing the oil in the chamber h provided between the piston 1 an the adjusting
plug (401) into the chamber g through the orifice n provided in the piston (302), the chamber h functions as a damping
chamber.
In this way, the spring load increases until the piston 1 reaches the end of the adjusting plug, and the relieving pressure P rises
smoothly.

 Figure (4)

Figure 6
Figure (4)
When the piston 1 (302) reaches the and of the body, it never goes left any further, causing the steadily relieving condition, and
the relieving pressure is kept at P .

 Depressurizing relief valve

Consider depressurizing the port P.

When the port P is depressurizing, pressure in the chamber g also lowers until the tank pressure together with the port P
pressure.
The plunger (301) having been open, thus moves left to be seated to the seat (341).
At the same time, the piston 1 (302) is also moved right by the spring (321), and the condition shown in the figure (1) is
recovered.
Hydraulic time-delay valve for parking (MRB10)
Figure 7
Cross-section of time-delay valve

 Purpose of usage

This valve is used for the purpose of delaying operation of the parking brake for hydraulic motors applied to actuation of inertial
load. Fig. 1 shows the piping diagram of the hydraulic time-delay valve and brake.

 Release of brake

Pressure must be constantly applied to the port PG.

When command pressure for brake release is applied to the port SH, the spool (531) moves downward opposing the spring
(541), leads pressure at the port PG to the port PR, and releases the brake.

 Operation of brake

– When command pressure for brake release is removed from the port SH, the spool moves upward pushed by the spring force,
and separates the port PG and the port PR.
– Oil at the port PR flows to the port D through the orifice inside the plunger (532). Here, the brake has some amount of stroke
volume (V cm₃), and supposing the amount passing through the orifice is Q (cm₃/sec), the time needed for the brake piston
pushing the disc after making a full stroke is lengthened by t=V/Q.
– This valve has the function of keeping the difference of pressure before and after the orifice low (1.2 kgf cm₂) and constant.
This operation is elaborated below. The edge of the plunger and the transverse hole portion (o-marked portion) constitute an
orifice as shown in Fig.2 for keeping the difference of pressure before and after the orifice constant. In other words, as the
pressure at PR is heightened, it pushes the plunger downward, and closes the orifice. When the orifice is closed, pressures at PR
and X are equalized, and the plunger is pushed up by the spring. This repeated movement keeps the difference of pressure
between PR and X constant at the pressure determined by the spring.

Swing motor, lubrication and air purging

Figure 8
Position, drain

 Following the repair or replacement of the swing motor assembly it is necessary to pre-lubricate the internal
components to prevent scoring/scuffing of the bearings and sliding parts.
Remove the upper case drain port plug and fill the casing with the specified hydraulic oil.
 Oil capacity : 900 cc
 Prior to start up purge the air from the circuit plumbing and motor.

Precautions for lubrication

 Check that there is no contamination in the ports or plumbing before connecting to the motor.
 Check for oil leakage on the motor assembly.
 Check if the direction of rotation according to the control lever is correct.
 Check for abnormal sound or vibration while rotating.
 Check for any abnormal temperature increase after operating for a short time.
 Check if the hydraulic pressures are set to the specified values.

Standard for parts service and replacement

The following standards of the serviceability of parts can be determined from measurements made at disassembly. However,
they are general standards and when parts show excessive external damage or discoloration, top priority should be given to the
determination of the extent to which parts are to be replaced, according to the purpose of disassembly and the remaining life
expectancy of the parts.
Wear limits

Item Standard Recommended value for Remedy

dimension replacement mm (inch)
mm (in)
Clearance between piston and cylinder bore 0.032 (0.0012) 0.062 (0.0024) Replace cylinder.
(D–d)

Gap between piston and caulked part of 0 0.3 (0.0118) Replace piston shoe
shoe (α) assembly.
Thickness of shoe (t) 6 5.8 Replace piston shoe
(0.2360) (0.2280) assembly.

Assembled height of retainer plate and 7 (0.2760) 6.5 (0.2560) Replace spherical bushing
spherical bushing (H-h) and retainer plate as a set.

Thickness of friction plate (t) 4 (0.1570) 3.6 (0.1420) Replace

Standard for correcting sliding surfaces

If the surface roughness of the sliding surface of a part exceeds the following standard, correct it or replace the part.
Sliding surface

Part Standard surface roughness Standard roughness requiring correction

Shoe 0.8–Z (Ra=0.2) 3–Z (Ra=0.8)
(lapping)
Swash plate 0.4–Z (Ra=0.1) 3–Z (Ra=0.8)
(lapping)
Cylinder 1.6–Z (Ra=0.4) 12.5–Z (Ra=3.2)
(lapping)
Valve plate 0.8–Z (Ra=0.2) 6.3–Z (Ra=1.6)
(lapping)

 Lap each sliding surface to a standard roughness level or finer.

 If the sliding surface of the cylinder block, valve plate, retaining plate or spherical bushing is roughened, replace the
parts as sub assemblies.