S.

No Question Type Unit CO Blooms Level difficulty

1 PART-A 1 CO1 REMEMBERING easy
2 PART-A 1 CO1 APPLYING medium

3 PART-A 1 CO1 APPLYING medium

4 PART-A 1 CO1 REMEMBERING easy
5 PART-A 1 CO1 APPLYING difficult

6 PART-A 1 CO1 UNDERSTANDING difficult

7 PART-A 1 CO1 APPLYING difficult

8 PART-A 1 CO1 EVALUATE difficult
9 PART-A 1 CO1 ANALYZING difficult

10 PART-A 1 CO1 APPLYING medium

11 PART-A 1 CO1 EVALUATE difficult

12 PART-A 1 CO1 REMEMBERING easy
13 PART-A 1 CO1 APPLYING medium
14 PART-A 1 CO1 REMEMBERING easy
15 PART-A 1 CO1 REMEMBERING easy

16 PART-A 1 CO1 UNDERSTANDING medium

17 PART-A 1 CO1 REMEMBERING medium

18 PART-A 1 CO1 UNDERSTANDING difficult

19 PART-A 1 CO1 APPLYING difficult

20 PART-A 1 CO1 UNDERSTANDING easy
21 PART-A 1 CO1 ANALYZING difficult

22 PART-A 1 CO1 ANALYZING difficult

23 PART-A 1 CO1 UNDERSTANDING easy
24 PART-A 1 CO1 UNDERSTANDING medium
25 PART-A 1 CO1 UNDERSTANDING medium

1 PART-B 1 CO1 APPLYING

2 PART-B 1 CO1 APPLYING

3 PART-B 1 CO1 APPLYING

4 PART-B 1 CO1 ANALYZING

5 PART-B 1 CO1 EVALUATE

6 PART-B 1 CO1 UNDERSTANDING

7 PART-B 1 CO1 EVALUATE

8 PART-B 1 CO1 EVALUATE

9 PART-B 1 CO1 ANALYZING

10 PART-B 1 CO1 EVALUATE

11 PART-B 1 CO1 REMEMBERING

12 PART-B 1 CO1 UNDERSTANDING

13 PART-B 1 CO1 UNDERSTANDING

14 PART-B 1 CO1 ANALYZING
15 PART-B 1 CO1 APPLYING

16 PART-B 1 CO1 EVALUATE

17 PART-B 1 CO1 CREATE

18 PART-B 1 CO1 CREATE

19 PART-B 1 CO1 ANALYZING

20 PART-B 1 CO1 EVALUATE

 UNIT-1 MARK
Define Air Standard Efficiency. 2
Draw Brayton cycle in TS and PV planes. 2
Complete the Otto cycle process by its P-V and T-S planes and name all
the processes. 2
Enumerate the assumptions made in Air Standard Cycles? 2
Otto and Diesel Cycles are different.Justify 2

Define mean Effective Pressure. Show that on p-v diagram. 2

When compression ratio is kept constant, what is the effect of cut-off ratio on the efficiency of diesel cycle? 2
In an Otto cycle, compression ratio is 9. Estimate the air standard cycle efficiency. 2
Derive expression for mean effective pressure for diesel cycle? 2
Point out the Diesel cycle on P-V and T-S planes and mention the four
thermodynamic processes involved. 2
Consider a Diesel engine has a compression ratio of 14 and cut-off takes
place at 6% of the stroke. Find the air standard efficiency. 2
Define Mean Effective Pressure? 2
Describe with neat sketches of p-v and T-s dual cycle? 2
Name the factors that affect the air standard efficiency of diesel cycle. 2
Define the terms compression ratio and cut-off ratio. 2
Predict the effect of cut-off ratio on the efficiency of diesel cycle when
the compression ratio is kept constant? 2
For the same compression ratio and heat supplied, Identify the order of
decreasing air standard efficiency of Otto, Diesel and Dual cycles. 2
Express the Brayton cycle (Limited pressure cycle) on P-V and T-S
planes and mention the various processes. 2
A Carnot cycle works between the temperatures 300K and 700K.
Calculate the maximum work possible per Kg of air. 2
Compare diesel and Dual cycle. 2
The efficiency of an Otto cycle is 60% and γ = 1.5. What is the compression ratio? 2

An isentropic air turbine is used to supply 0.1 kg/s of air at 0.1 MN/m 2 and at 285 K to a cabin. The
pressure at inlet to the turbine is 0.4 MN/m2 . Determine the temperature at turbine inlet. Assume cp= 1.0
kJ/kg K. 2
Ideal cycle and actual cycle are different.Justify 2
Mention any four applications of Brayton cycle. 2
Which cycle is more efficient with respect to the same compression ratio? 2

A gas turbine is supplied with gas at 5 bar and 1000 K and expands it Adiabatically to 1 bar. The mean
specific heat at constant pressure and constant volume are 1.0425 kJ/kg K and 0.7662 kJ/kg K
respectively. Calculate the power developed in kW per kg of gas per second and the exhaust gas
temperature. 8

(b) An engine of 250 mm bore and 375 mm stroke works on Otto cycle. The clearance volume is 0.00263
m³. The initial pressure and temperature are 1 bar and 50℃. if the maximum pressure is limited to 25 bar,
fine the following :
 The air standard efficiency of the cycle. The mean effective pressure for the cycle. 8

The minimum pressure and temperature in an Otto cycle are 100 kPa and 27℃. the amount of heat added
to the air per cycle is 1500 kJ/kg.
 Determine the pressure and temperatures at all points of the air standard Otto cycle.
 Also calculate the specific work and thermal efficiency of the cycle for a compression ratio of 8:1.
Take for air: cv = 0.72 kJ/kg K and γ = 1.4 16

In a constant volume Otto cycle the pressure at the end of compression is 15 times that at the start, the
temperature of air at the beginning of compression is 38℃ and maximum temperature attained in the
cycle is
1950℃. Analyse :
 Compression ratio.
 Thermal efficiency of the cycle.
 Work done.
Take γ for air = 1.4. 16

An engine working on Otto cycle has a volume of 0.5 m³, pressure 1 bar and temperature 27℃ at the
commencement of compression stroke. At the end of compression stroke, the pressure is 10 bar. Heat
added during the constant volume process is 200 kJ. Evaluating :
 Percentage clearance.
 Air standard efficiency.
 Mean effective pressure.
 Power developed by the engine if the engine runs at 400 rpm, so that there are 200 complete cycles per
minutes. 16
Express air standard efficiency of an Otto cycle in terms of compression ratio. 8

An engine with 200 mm cylinder diameter and 300 mm stroke works on

theoretical Diesel cycle. The initial pressure and temperature of air used are 1 bar and 27 ℃. The cut-off is
8% of the stroke. Evaluate :
 Pressure and temperatures at all salient points.
 Theoretical air standard efficiency.
 Mean effective pressure.
 Power of the engine if the working cycles per minute are 380. 16

The swept volume of a diesel engine working on dual is 0.0053 m³ and clearance volume is 0.00035 m³.
The maximum pressure is 65 bars. Fuel injection ends at 5 percent of the stroke. The temperature and
pressure at the begining of compression are 27℃ and 1 bar. Evaluate the air standard efficiency of the
cycle. Take γ for air = 1.4. 8

The compression ratio for a single–cylinder engine operating on dual cycle is 9. The maximum pressure in
the cylinder is limited to 60 bars. The pressure and temperature of the air at the beginning of the cycle is 1
bar and 30℃. heat is added during constant pressure process up to 4 percent of the stroke. Assuming the
cylinder diameter and stroke length as 250 and 300 mm respectively, Analyse :
 The air standard efficiency of the cycle.
 The power developed is the number of working cycles are 3 per second.
Take for air cv = 0.71 kJ/kg K and cp = 1.0 kJ/kg K. 16
In an engine working on dual cycle, the temperature and pressure at the beginning of the cycle are 30℃
and 1 bar respectively. The compression ratio is 9. The maximum pressure is limited to 68 bars and total
heat
supplied per kg of air is 1750 kJ. Determine :
 Pressure and temperatures at all salient points
 Air standard efficiency and MEP 16

The compression ratio and expansion ratio of an oil engine working on

the dual cycle are 9 and 5 respectively. The initial pressure and temperature of the air are 1 bar and 30℃.
The expansion and compression follow the law PV1.25 = constant. Determine :
 Pressure and temperatures at all salient points
 Mean effective pressure of the cycle.
 Efficiency of the cycle.
 Power of the engine if working cycles per second are 8. Assume: cylinder bore = 250 mm and stroke
length = 400 mm. 16
A diesel engine has a compression ratio of 15 and heat addition at constant pressure takes at 6 % of
stroke. Find the air standard efficiency of the engine. Take γ for air as 1.4 8

The compression ratio of a Dual cycle is 10. The temperature and pressure at the beginning of the cycle are
1 bar and 27˚C. The maximum pressure of the cycle is limited to 70 bar and heat supplied is limited to
675 kJ/kg of air. Find the thermal efficiency of the cycle. 8
Derive an expression for Air Standard Efficiency and state the assumption of an Otto Cycle. 8
Air enters the compressor of a gas turbine plant operating on Brayton cycle at 101.325 kPa, 27 ℃. The
pressure ratio in the cycle is 6. Calculate the maximum temperature in the cycle and the cycle efficiency.
Assume WT = 2.5 WC, where WT and WC are the turbine and the compressor work respectively. Take γ=
1.4. 16

Consider an air standard cycle in which the air enters the compressor at 1.0 bar and 20℃. the pressure of
air leaving the compressor is 3.5 bar and the temperature at turbine inlet is 600℃. determine per kg of air:
 Heat supplied to air and Heat rejected in the cooler
 Work available at the shaft and the Efficiency of the cycle
 Temperature of air leaving the turbine. For air γ = 1.4 and cp =1.005 kJ/kg K. 16

An engine working on ideal Otto cycle has temperature and pressure, at the beginning of isentropic
compression as 25˚C and 1.5 bar respectively. Find the compression ratio, if γ = 1.4 and thermal efficiency
of the engine= 48%. Also find temperature and pressure at the end of compression. 16

A diesel engine operating on the air-standard Diesel cycle has six cylinders of 100 mm bore and 120 mm
stroke. The engine speed is 1800 rpm. At the beginning of compression the pressure and temperature of
air are 1.030bar and 35˚C. If the clearance volume is 1/8th of the stroke volume, calculate (i) the pressure
and temperature at the salient points of the cycle (ii) the compression ratio (iii) the efficiency of the cycle
and (iv) the power output if the air is heated to 1500˚C. Assume Cp and Cv of air to be 1.004 and 0.717 kJ /
kg K respectively. 16

For an engine working on the ideal Dual cycle, the compression ratio is 10 and the maximum pressure is
limited to 70 bar. If the heat supplied is 1680 kJ/kg, find the pressure and temperatures at the various
salient points of the cycle and the cycle efficiency. The pressure and temperature of air at the
commencement of compression are 1 bar and 30℃ respectively. Assume Cp=1.004 kJ/kg K and Cv= 0.717
kJ/kg K for air. 16

The compression ratio of an engine is 10 and the temperature and pressure at the start of compression is
37˚C and 1 bar. The compression and expansion processes are both isentropic and the heat is rejected at
exhaust at constant volume. The amount of heat added during the cycle is 2730 kJ/kg. Determine the mean
effective pressure and thermal efficiency of the cycle if (i) the maximum pressure is limited to 70 bar and
heat is added at both constant volume and constant pressure and (ii) if all the heat is added at constant
volume. In this case how much additional work per kg of charge would be obtained if it were possible to
expand isentropically the exhaust gases to their original pressure of 1 bar? Assume that the charge has the
same physical properties as that of air. 16
S.No Question Type Unit CO Blooms Level UNIT-1 MARK
1 PART-A 2 CO2 REMEMBERING List out the components of internal combustion engine 2
2 PART-A 2 CO2 UNDERSTANDING State the classification of internal combustion engine 2
3 PART-A 2 CO2 UNDERSTANDING Summarise the functions of connecting rod and name material used 2
4 PART-A 2 CO2 UNDERSTANDING State the functions of crank shaft and name material used 2
5 PART-A 2 CO2 UNDERSTANDING Point out the functions of piston and name material used 2
6 PART-A 2 CO2 UNDERSTANDING State the functions of cam shaft and name material used 2
7 PART-A 2 CO2 APPLYING Timing gears in IC Engine is important 2
8 PART-A 2 CO2 UNDERSTANDING Discuss the functions of piston rings and name the types 2
9 PART-A 2 CO2 APPLYING Is valve is necessary in IC Engine 2
10 PART-A 2 CO2 UNDERSTANDING Discuss about indicated power and brake power 2
11 PART-A 2 CO2 REMEMBERING Define friction power 2
12 PART-A 2 CO2 REMEMBERING Define air standard efficiency 2
13 PART-A 2 CO2 UNDERSTANDING Compare brake thermal efficiency and indicated thermal efficiency 2
14 PART-A 2 CO2 EVALUATE Analyse the mechanical efficiency of 2s and 4s engine 2
15 PART-A 2 CO2 REMEMBERING State the methods to find out brake power 2
16 PART-A 2 CO2 ANALYZING Examine the purpose of Morse test 2
17 PART-A 2 CO2 ANALYZING Interpret the importance of Willan’s line method 2
18 PART-A 2 CO2 REMEMBERING Define specific fuel consumption 2
19 PART-A 2 CO2 ANALYZING Distinguish brake specific fuel consumption and indicated specific fuel consumption 2
20 PART-A 2 CO2 UNDERSTANDING Point out the terms to be considered for performance of IC engines 2
21 PART-A 2 CO2 UNDERSTANDING Summarise the methods used to find the air consumption in IC engine 2
22 PART-A 2 CO2 REMEMBERING Define knocking 2
23 PART-A 2 CO2 UNDERSTANDING Is spark plug is needed in SI engine 2
24 PART-A 2 CO2 ANALYZING Fuel injector in CI engine is necessary 2
25 PART-A 2 CO2 UNDERSTANDING Compare petrol engine and diesel engine 2
A four cylinder, two stroke cycle petrol engine develops 30 kW at 2500 rpm. The mean effective pressure
1 PART-B 2 CO2 APPLYING
on each piston is 8 bar and mechanical efficiency is 80%. Calculate the diameter and stroke of each 8
cylinder, if the stroke to bore ratio is 1.5. Also calculate the fuel consumption of the engine, if the brake
thermal efficiency is 28%. The calorific value of the fuel is 43900 kJ/kg.

In a test of a single cylinder, four stroke diesel engine, the following data were recorded. Indicated mean
2 PART-B 2 CO2 APPLYING
effective pressure = 755 kPa, cylinder diameter = 10 cm, piston stroke =15 cm, engine speed = 480 rpm, 8
brake wheel diameter = 62.5 cm, net load on the brake wheel = 170 N. Calculate the indicated power, brake
power, mechanical efficiency
The following results refers to a test on a petrol engine: Indicated power = 30 kW, Brake power = 26 kW,
3 PART-B 2 CO2 APPLYING Engine speed = 1000 rpm, BSFC = 0.35 kg/kWh, CV of the fuel = 43900 kJ/kg, calculate Indicated thermal 16
efficiency, Brake thermal efficiency, Mechanical efficiency.

A two stroke, diesel engine develops a brake power of 420 kW. The engine consumes 195 kg/h of fuel and
4 PART-B 2 CO2 APPLYING air-fuel ratio is 22:1. CV of the fuel is 42000 kJ/kg. If 76 kW of power is required to overcome the frictional 16
losses, calculate mechanical efficiency, air consumption, brake thermal efficiency

The following data and results refer to a test on a single-cylinder, two stroke cycle engine: IMEP = 550 kPa,
5 PART-B 2 CO2 APPLYING
Bore =21cm, stroke =28 cm, speed = 360 rpm, brake torque = 628 Nm, fuel consumption =8.16 kg/h, CV of 16
the fuel = 42700 kJ/kg, Calculate mechanical efficiency, indicated thermal efficiency, brake thermal
efficiency, BSFC in kg/KWh.

The following observations were made during a test on a single cylinder, four stroke oil engine. Bore =300
6 PART-B 2 CO2 rpm, stroke =450 mm, speed =300 rpm, IMEP = 6 bar, brake load = 1.5 kN, brake drum diameter = 1.8 m, 8
brake rope diameter = 2 cm, calculate indicated power, brake power, mechanical efficiency.

A single cylinder, four stroke diesel engine works on the following data. Bore = 15 cm, stroke = 25 cm,
speed = 250 rpm, area of the indicator diagram = 6 cm2, length of the indicator diagram = 9 cm, spring
7 PART-B 2 CO2 ANALYZING constant = 7.5 bar/cm, brake specific fuel consumption = 0.24 kg/kWh, CV of the fuel =42000 kJ/kg, 16
diameter of the brake wheel = 70 cm, rope diameter =3.5 cm, brake load = 40 kg, calculate BP, IMEP, IP,
Mechanical efficiency, indicated thermal efficiency.

A full load test was conducted on a two stroke engine and the following results were obtained: Speed = 500
rpm, brake load =500 N, IMEP = 3 bar, Oil consumption = 5 kg/h, Jacket water temperature rise = 35oC,
jacket water flow rate = 7 kg/min, A/F ratio by mass = 30, Exhaust gas temperature = 350 oC, room
8 PART-B 2 CO2 EVALUATE temperature =25oC, atmospheric pressure = 1 bar, bore =22 cm, stroke =28cm, CV of fuel =42000 kJ/kg, 16
proportion of H2 by mass in fuel = 15%, specific heat of exhaust of gas =1.0 kJ/kg K, specific heat of dry
steam =2.0 kJ/kg K, calculate indicated thermal efficiency, specific fuel consumption, volumetric efficiency
based on atmospheric conditions. Also draw up heat balance sheet on minute basis.

A four stroke petrol engine has a bore of 60 mm and a stroke of 90 mm. Its rated speed is 2800 rpm and it
is tested at this speed against brake which has a torque arm of 0.37 m. The net brake load is 160 N and the
9 PART-B 2 CO2 CREATE
fuel consumption is 8.986 lit/h. The specific gravity of the petrol is 0.74 and it has a lower calorific value of 16
44100 kJ/kg. A Morse test is carried out and the cylinders are cut out in the order of 1,2,3,4 with the
corresponding brake load of 110,107,104 and 110 N respectively. Calculate this speed: Engine torque,
BMEP, brake thermal efficiency, SFC, mechanical efficiency and IMEP.

In a test of a 4 cylinder, 4 stroke engine 75 mm bore and 100 mm stroke, the following results were
obtained at full throttle at a particular speed and with fixed setting of fuel supply of 6.0 kg/hr. BP with all
10 PART-B 2 CO2 CREATE
cylinder working = 15.6 kW, BP with cylinder No 1 cut out = 11.1 kW, BP with cylinder No. 2 Cut Out 16
=11.03 kW, BP with cylinder No. 3 cut out = 10.88 kW, BP with cylinder no. 4 cur out = 10.66 kW, If the
calorific value of the fuel is 83600 kJ/kg and clearance volume is 0.0001 m³, calculate mechanical
efficiency, indicated thermal efficiency and air standard efficiency.

During a test on a two stroke diesel engine on full load the following observations are made. Speed = 350
rpm, Net brake load =590 N, mean effective pressure = 2.8 bar, Oil consumption = 4.3 kg/h, Jacket cooling
water = 500 kg/h, Temperature of jacket cooling water at inlet and outlet = 25oC and 50 oC, Air used per kg
11 PART-B 2 CO2 EVALUATE
of oil = 33 kg, Temperature of air in test room =25 oC, Temperature of exhaust gases = 400oC, Cylinder 16
diameter = 220 mm, stroke length =280 mm, effective brake diameter =1 m, CV of fuel =43900 kJ/kg,
Proportion of hydrogen in fuel oil =15%, Mean specific heat of dry exhaust gases =1.0 kJ/kg K, specific heat
of steam = 2.09 kJ/kg K, Calculate Indicated power, brake power, also draw up heat balance sheet on
minute basis.
 During a trail of a single –cylinder and single acting oil engine, cylinder diameter 200 mm, stroke 280 mm,
working on two stroke cycle and firing every cycle, the following observations are made. Duration of trail =
1 hr, total fuel used = 4.22 kg, CV=44670 kJ/kg, proportion of hydrogen in fuel = 15%, total number of
revolutions =21000, mean effective pressure =2.74 bar, Net brake load applied to a drum of 1 m diameter
12 PART-B 2 CO2 EVALUATE =600 N, Total mass of cooling water circulated =495 kg, Inlet temperature of cooling water =13 oC, Outlet 16
temperature of cooling water =38 oC , air used =135 kg, temperature of air in test room =20 oC, temperature
of exhaust gases =370 oC, Assume cp of steam at atmospheric pressure =2.093 kJ/kg K. Calculate the
thermal efficiency and draw up heat balance sheet.

The following observations were made in a test of one hour duration on a single cylinder oil engine
working on four stroke cycle. Bore = 300 mm, stroke =450 mm, fuel used = 8.8 kg, CV = 41800 kJ/kg,
13 PART-B 2 CO2 ANALYZING average speed = 200 rpm, m.e.p =5.8 bar, brake friction load =1860 N, Quantity of cooling water =650 kg, 16
temperature rise =22 oC, Diameter of brake wheel =1.22 m, Calculate mechanical efficiency and brake
thermal efficiency and also draw the heat balance sheet.

In a trail of a single cylinder oil engine working on dual cycle, the following observations are made.
Compression ratio = 15, Oil consumption =10.2 kg/hr, CV=43890 kJ/kg, air consumption =3.8 kg/min,
14 PART-B 2 CO2 APPLYING
speed =1900 rpm, Torque on the brake drum =186 Nm, Quantity of cooling water used =15.5 kg/min, 16
temperature rise =36 oC, Exhaust gas temperature =410 oC, room temperature =20 oC, cp for exhaust gases
=1.17 kJ/kg K, Calculate brake power, BSFC, brake thermal efficiency and draw heat balance sheet on
minute basis.
15 PART-B 2 CO2 APPLYING Briefly explain the construction of Internal Combustion engine with the help of neat sketch. 16
16 PART-B 2 CO2 APPLYING Explain the Importance of performance of parameters of an IC engine. 8

Air consumption for a four-stroke petrol engine is measured by means of

a circular orifice of diameter 3.2 cm. The co-efficient of discharge for the orifice is 0.62 and the pressure across the
orifice is 150 mm of water. The barometer reads 760 mm of Hg. Temperature of air in the room is
20oC. The piston displacement volume is 0.00178 m³. The compression ratio is 6.5. The fuel consumption is 0.135
17 PART-B 2 CO2 APPLYING kg/min of calorific value 16
43900 kJ/kg. The brake power developed at 2500 r.p.m. is 28 kW.
Determine: (1) The volumetric efficiency on the basic of air alone. (2) The air-fuel ratio. (3) The brake mean effective
pressure. (4) The relative efficiency on the brake thermal efficiency on the brake thermal efficiency basis.

Following data relate to 4-cylinder four stroke petrol engine. Air fuel
ratio by weight = 16: 1, calorific value of the fuel = 45200 kJ/kg, mechanical efficiency = 82%, air-standard efficiency =
52%, relative efficiency = 70%, volumetric efficiency = 78 %, stroke/bore ratio = 1.25, suction conditions = 1 bar &
18 PART-B 2 CO2 APPLYING 25oC, r.p.m. = 2400 and power at brakes 16
=72kW. Evaluating: (1) Compression ratio, (2) Indicated thermal efficiency, (3) Brake specific fuel consumption, (4)
Bore and Stroke.

19 PART-B 2 CO2 APPLYING Explain the phenomena of knocking in diesel engines. 8

20 PART-B 2 CO2 APPLYING Explain the different factors which influence the knocking? 8
S.No Question Type Unit CO Blooms Level
1 PART-A 3 CO3 REMEMBERING
EVALUATE
2 PART-A 3 CO3

3 PART-A 3 CO3 REMEMBERING

4 PART-A 3 CO3 UNDERSTANDING
5 PART-A 3 CO3 APPLYING
6 PART-A 3 CO3 UNDERSTANDING
7 PART-A 3 CO3 APPLYING
8 PART-A 3 CO3 REMEMBERING
9 PART-A 3 CO3 UNDERSTANDING
10 PART-A 3 CO3 APPLYING
11 PART-A 3 CO3 UNDERSTANDING
12 PART-A 3 CO3 REMEMBERING
13 PART-A 3 CO3 EVALUATE
14 PART-A 3 CO3 ANALYZING
15 PART-A 3 CO3 CREATE
16 PART-A 3 CO3 APPLYING
17 PART-A 3 CO3 REMEMBERING
18 PART-A 3 CO3 UNDERSTANDING
EVALUATE
19 PART-A 3 CO3

20 PART-A 3 CO3 REMEMBERING

21 PART-A 3 CO3 REMEMBERING
22 PART-A 3 CO3 REMEMBERING
23 PART-A 3 CO3 REMEMBERING
24 PART-A 3 CO3 UNDERSTANDING
25 PART-A 3 CO3 UNDERSTANDING
1 PART-B 3 CO3 REMEMBERING
UNDERSTANDING

2 PART-B 3 CO3

UNDERSTANDING

3 PART-B 3 CO3

APPLYING

4 PART-B 3 CO3
 APPLYING
5 PART-B 3 CO3

REMEMBERING
6 PART-B 3 CO3

EVALUATE

7 PART-B 3 CO3

CREATE

8 PART-B 3 CO3

APPLYING

9 PART-B 3 CO3

APPLYING
11 PART-B 3 CO3

EVALUATE

12 PART-B 3 CO3

APPLYING

13 PART-B 3 CO3

EVALUATE

14 PART-B 3 CO3
 APPLYING

15 PART-B 3 CO3

APPLYING
16 PART-B 3 CO3

APPLYING

17 PART-B 3 CO3

CREATE

18 PART-B 3 CO3

APPLYING
19 PART-B 3 CO3

REMEMBERING
20 PART-B 3 CO3

CREATE

21 PART-B 3 CO3
 CREATE

22 PART-B 3 CO3
 PART-A MARK
Define Critical Pressure Ratio in steam flow through Nozzles? 2
If the enthalpy drop in a steam nozzle of efficiency 92% is 100 kJ/kg 2
determine the exit velocity of steam.
Define stage efficiency. 2
Interpret the effect of super saturation in the nozzles? 2
Draw the Shape of Supersonic Nozzle. 2
Distinguish between impulse and reaction principle. 2
Express the effects of friction on the flow through a steam nozzle? 2
Discuss the importance of compounding of steam turbine? 2
Explain Pressure Compounding? 2
Explain supersaturated flow? 2
Name the various types of nozzles and their function? 2
Summarize the different losses involved in steam turbines? 2
Define Diagram efficiency. 2
Explain ‘Degree of Reaction’ in a steam turbine. 2
Analyze the effects of super saturation in a nozzle? 2
Define nozzle efficiency. 2
Where is nozzle control governing is used? 2
Show and explain the principles of impulse and reaction turbines? 2
If the enthalpy drop in a steam nozzle of efficiency 88% is 95 kJ/kg 2
determine the exit velocity of steam.
Define blade velocity co-efficient? 2
List out the types of compounding in steam turbines? 2
Define governing of steam turbine. 2
State the various methods of governing? 2
Differentiate Impulse and Reaction Turbine. 2
Differentiate between nozzle governing and throttle governing. 2
Mention the types of nozzles you know, Where are these used? 8
Steam having pressure of 10.5 bar and 0.95 dryness is expanded 8
through a convergent-divergent nozzle and the pressure of steam leaving the
nozzle is 0.85 bar. Find the velocity at the throat for maximum discharge
conditions. Index of expansion may be assumed as 1.135. Calculate mass rate
of flow of steam through the nozzle.

Dry saturated steam enters a frictionless adiabatic nozzle with negligible 8

velocity at a temperature of 300℃. It is expanded to pressure
of 1 bar. The mass flow rate is 1 kg/s. Calculate the exit velocity of the steam.

Steam is expanded in a set of nozzles from 10 bar and 200℃ to 5 8

bar. What type of Nozzle is it? Neglecting the initial velocity find minimum area
of the nozzle required to allow a flow of 3 kg/s under the given conditions.
Assume that expansion of steam to be isentropic.
In a steam nozzle, the steam expands from 4 bar to 1 bar. The initial velocity is 16
60 m/s and the initial temperature is 200oC. Determine the
exit velocity if the nozzle efficiency is 92%.

Describe (Derive) the expression for critical pressure ratio in terms of 16

index of expansion.
Dry saturated steam enters a steam nozzle at a pressure of 15 bar and 16
is discharged at a pressure of 2 bar. If the dryness fraction of discharge steam
is 0.96, what will be the final velocity of steam? Neglect initial velocity of
steam. If 10% of heat drop is lost in friction, Examine (find) the percentage
reduction in the final velocity.

Dry saturated steam at a pressure of 11 bar enters a convergent- 16

divergent nozzle and leaves at a pressure of 2 bar. If the flow is adiabatic and
frictionless, determine: (i) The exit velocity of steam. (ii) Ratio of cross section
at exit and that at throat. Assume the index of adiabatic expansion to be 1.135.

The nozzles of De-Laval stream turbine are supplied with dry saturated 16
steam at a pressure of 9 bar. The pressure at the outlet is 1 bar. The turbine
has two nozzles with a throat diameter of 2.5 mm. Assuming nozzle efficiency
as 90% and that of turbine rotor 35%, find the quality
of steam used per hour and the power developed.

Explain with a neat sketch of velocity compounding, pressure 16

compounding, pressure-velocity compounding.
A 50 % reaction turbine (with symmetrical velocity triangles) running at 400 16
rpm has the exit angle of the blades as 20° C and the velocity of steam relative
to the blades at the exit is 1.35 times the mean speed of the blade. The steam
flow rate is 8.33 Kg/s and at a particular stage the specific volume is 1.381
m³/Kg. Evaluate for this stage. (i) A suitable blade height, assuming the rotor
mean diameter 12 times the blade height, and (ii) The diagram work

A single row impulse turbine develops 132.4 kW at a blade speed of 16

175 m/s, using 2 kg of steam per sec. Steam leaves the nozzle at 400 m/s.
Velocity coefficient of the blades is 0.9. Steam leaves the turbine blades axially.
Calculate nozzle angle, blade angles at entry and exit, assuming no shock.

A single-stage impulse turbine is supplied steam at 5 bar and 200°C at 16

the rate of 50 kg/min and it expands into a condenser at a pressure of
0.2 bar. The blade speed is 400 m/s and nozzles are inclined at 20°C to the
plane of the wheel. The blade angle at the exit of the moving blade is 30°C.
Neglecting friction losses in the moving blade, Evaluate (i) Velocity of the
steam entering the blades (ii) Power developed, (iii). Blade efficiency and (iv)
Stage efficiency.
In a stage of impulse reaction turbine operating with 50% degree of 16
reaction, the blades are identical in shape. The outlet angle of the moving blade
is 19o and the steam velocity is 100 m/s in the direction 70o to the motion of
the blades. If the rate of flow through the turbine is 15000 kg/hr., calculate the
power developed by the turbine.

A stage of a steam turbine is supplied with steam at a pressure of 50o 8

efficiency of the stage is 0.82 and the steam consumption is 2270 kg/min.
Determine the power of the stage.
The velocity of steam exiting the nozzle of the impulse stage of a 16
turbine is 400 m/s. The blades operate close to maximum blading efficiency.
The nozzle angle is 20o. Considering equiangular blades and neglecting blade
friction, calculate for a steam flow of 0.6 kg/s, the diagram power and the
diagram efficiency.

A convergent-Divergent nozzle is required to discharge 2kg of steam per 16

second. The nozzle is supplied with steam at 6.9 bar and180℃ and
discharge takes place against a back pressure of 0.98 bar. Expansion up to
throat is isentropic and the frictional resistance between the throat and exit is
equivalent to 62.76 kJ/kg of steam. Taking approach velocity of 75 m/s and
throat pressure 3.9 bar, estimate:
 Suitable areas for the throat and Exit
 Overall efficiency of the nozzle based on the enthalpy drop between the
actual inlet pressure, and temperature and the exit pressure.

Define Critical pressure ratio of nozzle and discuss why attainment 8

of sonic velocity determines the maximum mass rate of flow through steam
nozzle.
Explain the metastable expansion of steam in a nozzle with help of 8
h-s diagram.
A simple impulse turbine has one ring of moving blades running at 150 16
m/s. the absolute velocity of steam at exit from the stage is 85 m/s at an angle
of 80⸰ from the tangential direction. Blade velocity co- efficient is 0.82 and
the rate of steam flowing through the stage is 2.5 kg/s. if the blades are
equiangular, determine:
 Blade angles
 Nozzle angle
 Absolute velocity of the steam issuing from the nozzle
 Axial thrust.
In a De-Laval turbine steam issues from the nozzle with a velocity of 16
1200 m/s. The nozzle angle is 20⸰, the mean blade velocity is 400 m/s, the inlet
and outlet angles of blades are equal. The mass of steam
flowing through the turbine per hour is 1000 kg. Calculate:
 Blade angles,
 Relative velocity of steam entering the blades,
 Tangential force on the blades,
 Power developed
 Blade efficiency
Take blade velocity co-efficient as 0.8.
S.No Question Type Unit CO Blooms Level
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 PART-A MARK
Generalize the role of intercooler used to reduce the power 2
consumption of compressor?
List the advantage of multistage compressor over single stage 2
compressor.
Explain volumetric efficiency of a compressor. 2
Select the main advantage of inter cooling in multi-stage reciprocating 2
compressors?
Give two examples for positive displacement and rotary compressors. 2
Evaluate the necessity of clearance in reciprocating compressors? 2
Differentiate positive and non-positive displacement compressors. 2
What do you mean by perfect intercooling? 2
Explain the terms applied to air compressor: Volumetric efficiency and 2
Isothermal efficiency.

Give two merits of rotary compressor over reciprocating compressor. 2

Name the compression process in which work done is minimum in 2
reciprocating air compressor.
Express the P - v diagram of a two stage reciprocating air compressor. 2
Classify the advantages of multistage compression with inter cooling 2
over single stage compression for the same pressure ratio?
Define the terms as applied to reciprocating compressor: Mechanical 2
efficiency and isentropic efficiency.
Describe the term ‘Define free air delivery’. 2
Examine the effect of clearance volume in reciprocating air 2
compressor?
Classify the various types of air-compressors. 2
If C is the clearance ratio for a reciprocation air compressor what will 2
be the volumetric efficiency?
Give the expression for work done for a two-stage compression with 2
prefect intercooling.
Define the mechanical efficiency of a reciprocating air compressor. 2
List out the factors that affect the volumetric efficiency of a reciprocating 2
compressor?
Name the methods adopted for increasing isothermal efficiency of 2
reciprocating air compressor.
What is meant by double acting compressor? 2
What is meant by single stage compressor? 2
What are the drawbacks in single stage compression? 2
A single stage single acting reciprocating air compressor delivers 15 m³ 16
of free air per minute from 1 bar to 8 bars. The speed of compressor is
300 rpm. Assuming that compression and expansion follow the law pv1.35 =
constant and clearance is 1/16th of the swept volume, Estimate (find) the
diameter and stroke of the compressor. Take stroke length is
1.5 times the bore diameter. The temperature and pressure of air at the
suction are same as atm air.

Consider a single acting two stage reciprocating air compressor running at 16

300 rpm. Air is compressed at a rate of 4.5Kg/min from 1.013 bar and 288 K
through a pressure ratio of 9 to 1. Both the stages have same pressure ratio
and the index of expansion in both stages is Assume a complete inter-cooling,
Identify (find) the indicated power and the cylinder swept volume required.
Assume that the clearance volumes of both stages are 5% of their respective
swept volumes.

A two stage air compressor compresses air from 1 bar and 20°C to 42 bar. If 16
the law of compression is pv1.3 = constant and the inter cooling
is perfect. Examine (find) per kg of air (i) The work done in compression and
(ii) The mass of cooling water necessary for abstracting the heat in the
intercooler, if the temperature rise of the cooling water is 25°C.

Express a neat sketch describe any one type of rotary compressor. 8

A single acting single stage compressor is belt driven from an electric 16
motor at 400 rpm. The cylinder diameter is 15 cm and the stroke is 17.5 cm.
The air is compressed from 1 bar to 7 bar and the law of compression PV1.3 =
constant. Predict (find) the power of the motor, if transmission efficiency is 97
% and the mechanical efficiency of the compressor is 90%. Neglect clearance
effects.

A three-stage air-compressor delivers 5.2 m³ of free air per minute. The 16

suction pressure and temperature are 1 bar and 30°C. The ambient pressure
and temperature are 1.03 bar and 20°C. The air is cooled to
30°C after each stage of compression. The delivery pressure of the compressor
is 150 bar. The RPM of the compressor is 300. The clearances of LP, I.P and H.P
cylinders are 5% of the respective strokesThe index of compression and re
expansion in all stages is 1.35. Neglecting pressure losses, Calculate the B.P
of the motor required to run the compressor if the mechanical efficiency is
80%..

Derive the expression for volumetric efficiency of a reciprocating air 8

compressor and explain why it is less than unity.
Analyze (determine) the size of the cylinder of a double acting air 16
compressor of 32 KW I.P, in which air is drawn in at 1 bar and compressed to
16 bar according to the law pv 1.25 = constant. R.P.M.
300, Piston speed = 180 m/min, Volumetric efficiency = 0.8.

A two-stage double acting air compressor, operating at 200 r.p.m, takes 16

in air at 1.013 bar and 27° C. The size of the L.P. cylinder is 356 x 375 mm, the
stroke of H.P. cylinder is the same as that of the L.P. cylinder and the clearance
of both the cylinders is 4%. The air passes through the intercooler so that it
enters HP cylinder at 27C and 3.850 bar, finally it is discharged from the
compressor at 15.4bar. The values of n for both cylinders are 1.25.
Cp=1.0035kJ/kgK. And R=0.28kJ/kgK. Calculate: i. The heat rejected in the
intercooler. ii. The diameter of HP cylinder and iii. The power required to
drive HP cylinder.

Explain the construction and working of Multi stage compressor and 16

discuss the perfect and imperfect inter cooling with neat a sketch. And drive
minimum work required for a two stage reciprocating air
compressor.

A single stage single acting reciprocating air compressor takes in 17 16

m³/min at suction conditions of 100 kPa and 25°C. The delivery pressure is
700 kPa. The clearance volume is 6% of swept volume. The compression and
expansion follows the law pV1.3 = Constant. The speed of the compressor is
600 rpm. Stroke to bore ratio is 1. Invent (find) the power required to drive
the compressor and Cylinder dimensions.

Drive the work done for a single stage air compressor with and without 8
clearance volume.

Discuss with suitable sketches ,the working of two stage air compressor 8
with actual p-v Diagram.

A multi stage air compressor is to be designed to evaluate the pressure 16

from 1 bar to 120 bars. Such that the single stage pressure ratio not to exceed
4. Examine (find) (i) Number of stages, (ii)exact stage pressure ratio (iii) Inter
stage pressure.
A two cylinder single acting air compressor is to deliver 16kg of air per 16
minute at 7 bar form suction conditions 1 bar and 15oC. The clearance may be
taken as 4% of stroke volume and the index for both compression and re-
expansion as 1.3. The compressor is directly coupled to a four cylinder four
stroke petrol engine which runs at 2000rpm with a brake mean effective
pressure of 5.5bar. Assuming a stroke-bore ration of 1.2 for both engine and
compressor and a mechanical efficiency of 82% for compressor, calculate the
required cylinder dimensions.

A single stage reciprocating air compressor has clearance volume 5% of 16

stroke volume of 0.05 m³/s. The intake conditions are 95kN/m². and 300K.
The delivery pressure is 720kN/m²..Determine the volumetric efficiency
referred to i. intake conditions ii. Atmospheric conditions of 100kN/m² and
290K iii. FAD and iv. Power required to drive the compressor, if the ratio of
actual power to indicated power is 1.5. Take the index of compression and
expansion as 1.3.

A single cylinder single acting air compressor compresses 30 m³ of air at 8

a pressure of 1bar and 27℃ to 700kPa. Calculate the power required for the
compressor, if the compression is i. isothermal, ii. Polytropic, iii. Adiabatic.
Take n=1.25.

A single acting tow stage-reciprocating compressor with complete inter 16

cooling takes in air at the rate of 0.5 m³/s. The intake pressure and
temperature of air are 1 bar and 23℃. The air is compressed to a final
pressure of 8bar. Estimate i. the intermediate pressure ii. Total volume of each
cylinder, iii. The rate of heat rejection on the inter cooling. Assume
compression follows the law pV1.35=C and compressor runs at 650rpm.
S.No Question Type Unit CO Blooms Level
1 PART-A 5 CO5 REMEMBERING
2 PART-A 5 CO5 ANALYZING
3 PART-A 5 CO5 REMEMBERING
4 PART-A 5 CO5 REMEMBERING
5 PART-A 5 CO5 REMEMBERING
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8 PART-A 5 CO5 UNDERSTANDING
9 PART-A 5 CO5 UNDERSTANDING
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12 PART-A 5 CO5 CREATE
ANALYZING
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REMEMBERING
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CREATE
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PART-A MARK
Define dew point temperature. 2
Explain adiabatic humidification of air. 2
Describe: ‘Ton of refrigeration’. 2
List out the properties of an ideal refrigerant? 2
Define the terms RSHF and GSHF. 2
Explain ‘wet bulb depression’. 2
Define COP of refrigerators.Give the mathematical relations. 2
Prepare the list of expansion devices used in a vapor compression plant? 2
Interpret the effect of sensible heating or cooling? 2
How are air-conditioning systems classified? 2
Evaluate the effect of inter-commercial Non-CFC refrigerants? 2
What is the function of throttling valve? 2
Analyse the effects of superheat and sub cooling in vapour compression 2
cycle?
Name the various components used in simple vapour absorption system. 2
Define sensible heat ratio and draw cooling and dehumidification in a 2
typical psychrometric chart.
Identify the important components used in winter air conditioning system? 2
Explain net refrigerating effect of a refrigerant? 2
Prepare the difference of actual vapor compression cycle from that of the 2
ideal cycle?
Define the term "Infiltration" in heat load calculation? 2
Explain the various sources of heat gain of an air-conditioned space? 2
Name the important properties of a good refrigerant. 2
Represent the following psychrometric process using skeleton psychrometric 2
chart. (i) Sensible Cooling & Heating (ii) Adiabatic Humidification

Define adiabatic mixing? 2

Identify the function of throttling valve in vapour compression refrigeration? 2
Air cycle refrigeration is more popular in aircraft air-conditioning.Justify 2
Explain the construction and working of vapour absorption refrigeration 16
system.
With a neat sketch, explain a vapour compression refrigeration system. 16
A refrigeration system of 10.5 tones capacity at an evaporator temperature 16
of -12°C and a condenser temperature of 27°C is needed in a food storage locker.
The refrigerant ammonia is sub cooled by 6°C before entering the expansion valve.
The vapour is 0.95 dry as it leaves the evaporator coil. The compression in the
compressor is of adiabatic type. Examine (find), (i) Condition of vapour at the
outlet of the compressor (ii) Condition of vapour at the entrance of the evaporator
(iii) COP and (v) The power required. Neglect valve throttling and clearance effect.
A Freon-12 refrigerator producing a cooling effect of 20 kJ/s operates on 16
a simple vapour compression cycle with pressure limits of 1.509 bar and
9.607 bar. The vapour leaves the evaporator dry saturated and there is no under
cooling. Examine (determine) the power required by the machine.

If the compressor operates at 300 r.p.m. and has a clearance volume of 3% 16

of stroke volume, Examine (determine) the piston displacement of the compressor.
For compressor assume that the expansion following the law pv1.3 = constant.

A simple saturation refrigeration cycle developing 15 tons of refrigeration 16

using R12 operates with a condensing temperature of 35°C and an evaporator
temperature of - 6°C. Examine (calculate): (i) The refrigerating effect, (ii)
Refrigerant flow rate, (iii). The power required to drive the
compressor, (iv) COP.

a. Explain with a neat sketch the summer Air - Conditioning suitable for 8
Chennai weather Conditions
b. Prepare a neat layout of summer Air Conditioner 8
Explain the summer Air Conditioning system suitable for hot and humid 16
weather.

For a summer air conditioning installation for industrial application the 16

following data is given:
Room Design : 50%RH and 26℃ DBT Outside air :40℃ DBT
and 10%RH Room sensible heat gain :40kW
Room latent heat loss :10kW
50% of return air form the room is mixed with outdoor air and pre cooled
sensibly in a cooling coil to 28℃ before being passed through adiabatic washer.
Determine:
i. Supply air conditions to the space ii. Quantity of fresh outside air
iii. Refrigerating capacity of the pre cooler coil. Humidifying efficiency of the
adiabatic washer or evaporator cooler and entering and leaving conditions at the
washer.

Prepare and Express various processes of summer Air Conditioning in a 16

Psychometric chart
A sling psychrometer reads 40℃DBT and 36℃ WBT. Estimate the 16
humidity ratio, relative humidity, DPT, specific volume of air, density of air, density
of water vapour and enthalpy.
Saturated air at 21˚C is passed through a drier so that the final relative 16
humidity is 20%. The air is then passed through a cooler until its final temperature
is 21˚C without a change in specific humidity. Estimate (i) The temperature of air
after drying process, (ii) the heat rejected in cooling process, (iii) the dew point
temperature at the end of drying process.

40 m3 of air per minute at 31˚C DBT and 18.5˚C WBT is passed over the 16
cooling coil whose surface temperature is 4.4˚C. The coil cooling capacity is 3.56
tons of refrigeration under the given condition of air. Estimate DBT and WBT of the
air leaving the cooling coil.

A sling psychrometer in a laboratory test recorded the following readings. 16

Dry bulb temperature = 35°C, Wet bulb temperature = 25°C. Calculate the
following
(i) Specific humidity
(ii) Relative humidity
(iii) Vapour density in air
(iv) Dew point temperature and
(v) Enthalpy of mixture per kg of dry air
Take atmospheric pressure = 1.0132 bar.

A CO2 refrigeration system works between 56.25 bar and 21.2 bar. The refrigerant 16
leaves the compressor at32oC with total heat 246.2kJ/kg. Determine the
theoretical co-efficient of performance of the plant. The
properties of CO2 are
Pressure Sat. Enthalpy kJ/kg Entropy kJ/kg
in bar Temp Liquid Vapour Liquid Vapour
56.25 18.5 52.75 214.37 0.167 0.7244
21.2 -18 -37.68 234.9 -0.150 0.9170

An ammonia refrigerator produces 20 tons of ice per day from and at 16

0℃. The condensation and evaporation takes at 20℃and -20℃
respectively. The temperature of the vapour at the end of isentropic compression is
50℃ and there is no under cooling of the liquid. The actual COP is 70% of the
theoretical COP. Determine i. The rate of NH3 circulation and ii. The size of single
acting compressor when running at 240rpm assuming L=D and volumetric
efficiency of 80%. Take latent heat of ice is 335kJ/kg, specific heat of superheat
vapour is
2.8kJ/kg-K and specific volume of saturated vapour at -20℃ is
0.62m3/kg. Use the following properties of ammonia:
An office is to be air-conditioned for 50 staff when the outdoor 16
conditions are 30°C DBT and 75% RH if the quantity of air supplied is
0.4m3/min/person, Analyse (Calculate) the following:
i. Capacity of the cooling coil in tones of refrigeration
ii. Capacity of the heating coil in kW.
iii. Amount of water vapour removed per hour. Assume that required air inlet
conditions are 20°C DBT and 60% RH, Air is conditioned first by cooling and
dehumidifying and then by heating. (iv). If the heating coil surface temperature is
25°C, find the by-pass factor of the heating coil?

A restaurant with a capacity of 100 persons is to be air-conditioned 16

with the following conditions: Outside conditions=30oC,70%RH Desired inside
conditions=23oC,55%RH
Quantity of air supplied=05m3/min/person
The desired conditions are achieved by cooling, dehumidifying and
then heating. Determine: 1. Capacity of cooling coils in tones of refrigeration.
2. Capacity of heating coil and
3. Amount of water removed by dehumidifier.
S.No Questions
1 Define Refigeration and Airconditioning.
2 Explain adiabatic humidification of air.
3 Describe: ‘Ton of refrigeration’.
4 List out the properties of an ideal refrigerant?
5 Define the terms RSHF and GSHF.
6 Name the various components used in simple vapour absorption system.
7 Explain the various sources of heat gain of an air-conditioned space?
8 Name the important properties of a good refrigerant.
Represent the following psychrometric process using skeleton psychrometric chart.
9 (i) Sensible Cooling & Heating (ii) Adiabatic Humidification
10 Air cycle refrigeration is more popular in aircraft air-conditioning.Justify
Explain the following vapour absorption refrigeration system with neat sketch (i)
1 Lithium-Bromide (ii) Ammonia -Water.
2 With a neat sketch, explain a vapour compression refrigeration system.
Explain with a neat sketch the summer Air - Conditioning suitable for
3
hot and Dry & Hot and Wet weather.
4 Explain with a neat sketch Centrifugal and Axial flow compressors.
Describe the working principle of a centralized airconditioning system and
5 enumerate the need for it.
Marks
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