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Slip Ring Induction Motors

The document discusses slip ring induction motors. [1] Slip ring induction motors have a wound rotor with slip rings that allow external resistance to be added to the rotor circuit, enabling higher starting torque than a squirrel cage motor. [2] Adding external resistance increases the rotor resistance and slip, allowing pull-out torque even at low speeds. [3] Slip ring motors are well-suited for high inertia loads that require pull-out torque from zero RPM and quick acceleration to full speed with low current draw.

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Princepessa Gavi
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1K views10 pages

Slip Ring Induction Motors

The document discusses slip ring induction motors. [1] Slip ring induction motors have a wound rotor with slip rings that allow external resistance to be added to the rotor circuit, enabling higher starting torque than a squirrel cage motor. [2] Adding external resistance increases the rotor resistance and slip, allowing pull-out torque even at low speeds. [3] Slip ring motors are well-suited for high inertia loads that require pull-out torque from zero RPM and quick acceleration to full speed with low current draw.

Uploaded by

Princepessa Gavi
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Slip Ring Motor

Fundamentals
www.brighthubengineering.com

Introduction
In previous articles I have discussed the construction, operation,
starting, speed control, and classes of squirrel cage induction motors.
This article is devoted to slip ring induction motors. As discussed ear-
lier, a slip ring induction motor is an asynchronous motor, as the
rotor never runs in synchronous speed with the stator poles. Learn
more about the construction and operation of a slip ring induction
motor.

Construction
Stator:

The construction of a stator is the same for both the squirrel cage and
slip ring induction motor. The main difference in a slip ring induction
motor is on the rotor construction and usage. Some changes in the
stator may be encountered when a slip ring motor is used in a cas-
caded system, as the supply for the slave motor is controlled by the
supply from the rotor of the other slip ring motor with external
resistance mounted on its rotor.

Rotor:
The slip ring induction motors usually have a “Phase-Wound" rotor.
This type of rotor is provided with a 3-phase, double-layer, distrib-
uted winding consisting of coils used in alternators. The rotor core is
made up of steel laminations which have slots to accommodate
formed 3-single phase windings. These windings are placed 120
degrees electrically apart.

The rotor is wound for as many poles as the number in the stator and
is always 3-phase, even though the stator is wound for 2-phase. These
three windings are “starred" internally and the other end of these
three windings are brought out and connected to three insulated slip-
rings mounted on the rotor shaft itself. The three terminal ends touch
these three slip rings with the help of carbon brushes which are held
against the rings with the help of a spring assembly.
These three carbon brushes are further connected externally to a 3-
phase start connected rheostat. The slip ring and external rheostat
makes it possible to add external resistance to the rotor circuit, ena-
bling them to have a higher resistance during starting and thus higher
starting torque.

When running under normal conditions, the slip rings are automati-
cally short-circuited by means of a metal collar, which is pushed
along the shaft, thus making the three rings touch each other. Also,
the brushes are automatically lifted from the slip-rings to avoid fric-
tional losses, wear and tear. Under normal running conditions, the
wound rotor acts the same as the squirrel cage rotor.
What happens when external resistance is
added?
In the case of a squirrel cage induction motor, the rotor resistance is
very low so that the current in the rotor is high, which makes its
starting torque poor. But adding external resistance, as in the case of
a slip ring induction motor, makes the rotor resistance high when
starting, thus the rotor current is low and the starting torque is maxi-
mum. Also the slip necessary to generate maximum torque is directly
proportional to the rotor resistance. In slip ring motors, the rotor
resistance is increased by adding external resistance, so the slip is
increased. Since the rotor resistance is high, the slip is more, thus it’s
possible to achieve “pull-out" torque even at low speeds. As the motor
reaches its base speed (full rated speed), after the removal of external
resistance and under normal running conditions, it behaves in the
same way as a squirrel cage induction motor.

Thus these motors are best suited for very high inertia loads, which
requires a pull-out torque at almost zero speed and acceleration to
full speed with minimum current drawn in a very short time period.
Advantages of slip ring induction motors
• The main advantage of a slip ring induction motor is that its
speed can be controlled easily.
• “Pull-out torque” can be achieved even from zero RPM.
• It has a high starting torque when compared to squirrel cage
induction motor. Approximately 200 – 250% of its full-load
torque.
• A squirrel cage induction motor takes 600% to 700% of the
full load current, but a slip ring induction motor takes a
very low starting current approximately 250% to 350% of
the full load current.
What happens if the motor is started as a
normal induction motor?

If the slip motor is started with all the slip rings or the rotor termi-
nals shorted, like a normal induction motor, then it suffers extremely
high locked rotor current, ranging up to 1400%, accompanied with
very low locked rotor torque as low as 60%. It is not advised to start
a slip ring induction motor with its rotor terminals shorted.

In my next article, read about various starting methods & speed con-
trol of a slip ring induction motors.
Image Credits
www.elecmat.com

www.flickr.com

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