FLUID MECHANICS PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF FLUID (PART 2)

LAGUNA STATE POLYTECHNIC UNIVERSITY PREPARED BY: ENGR. MARK AUGUSTO V. AGUS
PROBLEM SET – FLUID MECHANICS

1. A liquid with kinematic viscosity of 2.7 centistokes fills the space between a large
stationary plate and a parallel plate of 500 mm square, the film thickness being 1
mm. If the force required to pull the smaller plate with a uniform velocity of 3 m/s
was 1.734 N, determine specific weight of the liquid. Assume that the liquid film is
maintained all over
2. Two large plates are 6 mm apart and the space in-between in filled with a fluid. A
plate of 1 mm thickness and 10 cm square is pulled parallel to the planes and
midway between them with a velocity of 2 m/s. Assume linear velocity profile on
either side. The force required was 0.32 N. Determine the viscosity of the fluid.
3. Two large vertical plane parallel surfaces are 5 mm apart and the space between
them is filled with a fluid. A thin plate of 12.5 cm square falls freely between the
planes along the central plane and reaches a steady velocity of 2 m/s.Determine the
weight of the plate if the viscosity of the fluid filling the space is 0.02 Ns/m 2
4. A hydraulic lift shaft of 500 mm dia moves in a cylindrical sleeve the length of
engagement being 2 m. The interface is filled with oil of kinematic viscosity of 2.4 ×
10–4 m2/s and density of 888 kg/m3. The drag resistance when the shaft moves at
0.2 m/s is 267.81 N. Determine the internal diameter of the cylinder.
5. A shaft of 150 mm diameter rotates in bearings with a uniform oil film of thickness
0.8 mm. Two bearings of 15 cm width are used. The viscosity of the oil is 22 cP.
Determine the torque if the speed is 210 rpm.
6. Determine the pressure difference between two points 10 m apart in flow of oil of
viscosity 13.98 cp in a pipe, pipe of 40 mm diameter, the flow velocity being 1.8 m/s.
Poiseuille’s Equation
F pressure= Δ P ( π r 2 )

F viscosity =−μ ( 2 πrL ) ( dvdr )

In equilibrium
F pressure + F viscosity =0
F pressure=F viscosity
FLUID MECHANICS PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF FLUID (PART 2)

LAGUNA STATE POLYTECHNIC UNIVERSITY PREPARED BY: ENGR. MARK AUGUSTO V. AGUS

Δ P ( π r 2 )=μ ( 2 πrL ) ( dvdr )

( dvdr )= Δ2 μLPr
Then,
v r
ΔP
∫ dv= ∫ rdr
2 μL 0
0

ΔP 2
v= r
4 μL
From continuity equation, giving the volume flux for a variable speed
dV
=v ∫ dA
dt

r
dV ΔP 2
=∫ r (2¿ πr )dr ¿
dt 0 4 μL

r
dV Δ Pπ π ΔP 4
= ∫ r 3 dr= r
dt 2 μL 0 8 μL
and
dV π ΔP 4
Q= =π r 2 v= r
dt 8 μL
8 μLv 32 μLv
Δ P= =
r2 D2
Solution,
m
32 ( 19.98 ×10−3 P a−s ) (10 m ) (1.8 )
8 μLv 32 μLv s
Δ P= = =
r2 D2 2
( 40 ×10−3 m)
Δ P=5032.8 Pa=5.033 kPa
7. The capillary depression of mercury in a 3.25 mm internal diameter of glass tube
was found as 2.99 mm. Determine the value of surface tension. = 129°.
FLUID MECHANICS PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF FLUID (PART 2)

LAGUNA STATE POLYTECHNIC UNIVERSITY PREPARED BY: ENGR. MARK AUGUSTO V. AGUS

( 2.99 ×10−3 m ) 133.1 kN3 (3.2 ×10−3 m)

( )
hγD m
σ= =
4 cos β 4 cos ⁡(129 °)
kN N
σ =−0.506 ×10−3 =−0.506
m m
The negative sign indicates capillary depression.

8. In manometers an error in measurement will occur when a small bore tube is used.
Capillary rise adds to the column height and capillary depression reduces the
column height. The height of water column (at 20°C) in a tube of 8 mm internal
diamerter is 12 mm, out of this 3.17 mm is due to capillary action. Determine the
value of surface tension.  = 0.

( 12 ×10−3−3.17 ×10−3 ) m 9.79 ×103 N (8 ×10−3 m)

( )
hγD m
σ= =
4 cos 0 4

N
σ =0.172
m

9. If the pressure difference between the inside and outside of a soap bubble of 2.5 mm
diameter is 17.6 N/m2, determine the value of surface tension of the soap solution.
Given : 17.6 N/m2
D = 2.5 mm
N

σ=
ΔPD
=
( 17.6
m )
( 2.5 ×10
2
−3
m)

4 4

N
σ =0.011
m

10. Bubbles are to be blown using a glass tube of 2 mm diameter immersed in oil to a
depth of 10 mm. The specific gravity of oil is 0.96. If the surface tension of the oil is
0.0389 N/m. Determine the pressure inside the bubble at formation.
FLUID MECHANICS PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF FLUID (PART 2)

LAGUNA STATE POLYTECHNIC UNIVERSITY PREPARED BY: ENGR. MARK AUGUSTO V. AGUS

4σ
Δ P=
D
N
4σ (
4 0.0389
m kg) m
P 1=
D
+ ρgh= −3
2× 10 m ( )(
+ 1000 3 9.80665 2 ( 0.1m )
m s )
N
P1=171.943
m3

11. The pressure of water increases with depth in the ocean. At the surface, the density
was measured as 1024.5 kg/m 3. The atmospheric pressure is 1.01 bar. At a certain
depth where the pressure was 900 bar the density was measured as 1065.43 kg/m 3.
Determine the average value of bulk modulus.
−Δ P −Δ P 90000−101
β= = = =2,340,119.511 kPa
ΔV 1 1 1 1
− −
V ρ2 ρ1 1065.43 1024.5
1 1
ρ1 1024.5

12. Determine the diameter of a spherical balloon at an altitude where pressure and
temperature are 0.1 bar and –50°C, if 5.65 kg of hydrogen was charged into the
balloon at ground level where the pressure and temperature were 1 bar and 30°C.
kJ
V 1=
mR T 1
=
(
(5.65 kg ) 4.517
kg−K )
( 303 K )
=77.329 m3
P1 100 kPa

For V2 or volume at an altitude wher t = -50 deg C and P = 0.1 Bar

P1V 1 P2V 2
=
T1 T2
¿¿
V 2=369.121 m 3
Then
FLUID MECHANICS PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF FLUID (PART 2)

LAGUNA STATE POLYTECHNIC UNIVERSITY PREPARED BY: ENGR. MARK AUGUSTO V. AGUS
π
V = D3
6
π
369.121 m3 = D 3
6
D=10.282 m