Media & Information Literacy

Quarter 1 – Module 1
The Influence of Media and Information to
Communication

Quarter 1 – Module 1
Media Information Literacy
Quarter 1 – Module 1: The Influence of Media and Information to Communication
First Edition, 2020

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Published by the Department of Education, Schools Division of Antique

Development Team of the Module

Writer: Romeo Magluyan Valdez
Content Editors: Sarah Michelle C. Nietes, Francisco E. Misajon Jr.
Language Editors: Sarah Michelle C. Nietes, Francisco E. Misajon Jr.
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Schubert Anthony C. Sialongo
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Marian Rose B. Sarmiento

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 Aiming at the Target
In this module, you will learn to describe how communication is influenced
by media and information. (MIL11/12IMIL-IIIa-1)

Trying the Challenge

ACTIVITY 1

Identify whether the statement is true or false. Write T if the statement is

true and F if it is false. Write your answer on your answer sheet.

1. Communication is the process of sending and receiving messages

through verbal or nonverbal means, including speech, or oral
communication; writing and graphical representations; and signs,
signals, and behavior.
2. In a public speaking situation, the source of the message is the person
listening to the speech
3. The process of turning communication into thoughts is encoding.
4. Tone of voice, body language, and choice of clothing of the speaker do
not convey a message.
5. There is communication even without the presence of a receiver of the
message.
6. Social media such as Facebook and Twitter serve as channels of
communication today.
7. Feedback provides an opportunity for the audience to ask for
clarification, to agree or disagree, or to indicate that the source could
make the message more interesting.
8. Psychological noise is what happens when your thoughts occupy your
attention while you are hearing, or reading, a message.
9. Your thoughts or mode can interfere with the way you receive a
message.
10. Noise has no effect on the communication process.
11. Stereotypes, reputations, assumptions, and biases are interference to
communication.
12. Social media provides great ways to connect interact and communicate
with friends and family while living separately.
13. Since social media pose some threats to the user, it is good not to use
social media at all.
14. Being a responsible media user is a way to hold a positive, or at least a
neutral effect of media in our life.
15. Bias media help in the proper dissemination of information and
communication.

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 Lesson
The Influence of Media and
1 Information to Communication

Communication is said to be dynamic by nature. It can be simple as having

face-to-face conversation between two people or, it can become complex like
communicating to a large group of audience using various media.

In this case, a communicator must have a full understanding of the

important role of each element in the communication process to achieve
effectiveness in disseminating information.

We are now in the 21st century where people are dependent on media and
information technology. Waking up in the morning, some of those with
smartphones would first check and reply text on the phone or messages from
Facebook messenger. Others would scan first what’s on their social media pages.
To gather information or entertain ourselves, we glue ourselves to television and
radio or go to nearby internet cafes to google or to search in YouTube the things
that interest us or the things we want to know.

As of the moment, we are experiencing a global pandemic that tests our

existence as human. Our mode of communication is also a challenge as to what
form we can keep the education going on. The process and mode of communication
and the use of various media will be challenged as to its effectiveness in
disseminating information.

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 Connecting to the Past
ACTIVITY 1
The following Bubble Map contains the sources of information. As a
senior high school learner, list down at least three kinds of information you
may get from each source. Write your answers on your answer sheet.

Radio

________________
________________
_______________
Television
Newspapers
________________
________________
________________
________________
_______________
_______________
Sources of
Information

Computer/Internet Others

___________________ ________________
___________________ ________________
_______________ _______________

Gearing Up to Start
Andrew, a Grade 12 learner, will write a request letter to the barangay to
conduct a tree planting and a feeding program as part of his community outreach
advocacy. Let’s help him with the things he has to consider in writing a letter to the
barangay captain.

The following are the jumbled letters which reveal the words that are the
guides to be considered in writing a letter. Arrange the jumbled letters to form the
correct word. Write your answers on your answer sheet.

1. R A G A M M R
It is important in writing a letter for it provides information that helps the
receiver to comprehend. It is the structure that conveys precise meaning
from the sender to the receiver.

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 2. Y C A R C U A C
This is referred to how the sender’s use of the language system is. It is often
compared to fluency when we talk about a sender’s level of speaking and
writing.

3. L U A A G N G E
Through this, the sender may be able to communicate and deliver the
purpose of his intention.
4. O U S P P R E
With its clarity, the receiver will be able to know the reason why the
communication is established.

5. Y S E L T
It determines the mood of a piece of communication.

6. E O N C N T T
It tells the whole package of the communication through presenting the
purpose and other important details or information.

7. D S N R E E
This is the person who gives the communication to a receiver.

8. V E I E C R E R
It refers to the person who accepts information from a source.

9. O F R A O I N T I M N
This contains all the details of the communication and this will help
establish the success of the event.

10. R C I T A L Y
Writing depends on the purpose and should go directly to its purpose.
Through this, the communication will be established and comprehended well
by the receiver.

Now that we have already revealed the things Andrew needs in writing a
letter of permission for his advocacy, let’s learn why correct communication process
should be observed.

Hitting the Target

Communication Defined

Communication is simply the act of transferring information from one place,

person or group to another (SkillsYouNeed, 2020). It is the process of sending and
receiving messages through verbal or nonverbal means, including speech, or oral

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communication; writing and graphical representations (such as infographics, maps,
and charts); and signs, signals, and behavior (Nordquist, 2020). At its core,
communications is the use of messages to generate meaning, both within and
across a myriad of cultures, contexts, channels, and media. Through the effective
practice of communications, we are able to improve cultural, social, personal, and
professional experiences, whether between individual, enterprises or even nations
(What is Communications Studies?, 2020).

Communication Process

FEEDBACK

MESSAGE
SENDER ENCODING DECODING RECEIVER
CHANNEL

NOISE

(Lumen Learning)

In order to better understand the communication process, we can break it

down into a series of eight essential components. These are the eight parts as
presented by What is communication (2012):

1. Source - The source imagines, creates, and sends the message. In a

public speaking situation, the source is the person giving the speech. He
or she conveys the message by sharing new information with the
audience. The speaker also conveys a message through his or her tone of
voice, body language, and choice of clothing. This process of turning
thoughts into communication is called encoding.
2. Message - The message is the stimulus or meaning produced by the
source for the receiver or audience. When you plan to give a speech or
write a report, your message may seem to be only the words you choose
that will convey your meaning. But that is just the beginning. The words
are brought together with grammar and organization. You may choose to
save your most important point for last. The message also consists of the
way you say it—in a speech, with your tone of voice, your body language,
and your appearance—and in a report, with your writing style,
punctuation, and the headings and formatting you choose. In addition,

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 part of the message may be the environment or context you present it in
and the noise that might make your message hard to hear or see.
3. Channel - The channel is the way in which a message or messages travel
between source and receiver (What Is Communication?, 2012). There are
multiple communication channels available to us today. These include
face-to-face conversations, letters, telephone calls, text messages, email,
the Internet (including social media such as Facebook and Twitter),
blogs, tweets radio and TV, written letters, brochures and reports
(SkillsYouNeed, 2020) and so forth.
4. Receiver - The receiver receives the message from the source, analyzing
and interpreting the message in ways both intended and unintended by
the source. In order to receive a message, she or he listens, sees,
touches, smells, and/or tastes to receive a message. The process of
turning communication into thoughts is called decoding. The receiver
decodes the message.
5. Feedback - When the receiver responds to the source, intentionally or
unintentionally, she/he is giving feedback. Feedback is composed of
messages the receiver sends back to the source. Verbal or nonverbal, all
these feedback signals allow the source to see how well, how accurately
(or how poorly and inaccurately) the message was received. Feedback
also provides an opportunity for the receiver or audience to ask for
clarification, to agree or disagree, or to indicate that the source could
make the message more interesting.
6. Environment - The environment is the atmosphere, physical and
psychological, where an individual sends and receives messages. This
can include the tables, chairs, lighting, and sound equipment that are in
the room. The room itself is an example of the environment. The
environment can also include factors like formal dress that may indicate
whether a discussion is open and caring or more professional and formal.
People may be more likely to have an intimate conversation when they
are physically close to each other, and less likely when they can only see
each other from across the room. In that case, they may text each other,
itself an intimate form of communication. The choice to text is influenced
by the environment.
7. Context - The context of the communication interaction involves the
setting, scene, and expectations of the individuals involved. A
professional communication context may involve business suits
(environmental cues) that directly or indirectly influence expectations of
language and behavior among the participants.
8. Interference or noise – This is anything that blocks or changes the
source’s intended meaning of the message. For example, if you drove a
car to work or school, chances are you are surrounded by noise. Car
horns, billboards, or perhaps the radio in your car interrupted your

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 thoughts, or your conversation with a passenger. Psychological noise is
what happens when your thoughts occupy your attention while you are
hearing, or reading, a message. Stereotypes, reputations, assumptions,
and biases are examples of psychological noise which affect
communication. Interference can come from other sources, too. Perhaps
you are hungry, and your attention to your current situation interferes
with your ability to listen. Maybe the office is hot and stuffy. Not all noise
is bad, but noise interferes with the communication process. For
example, your cell phone ringtone may be a welcome noise to you, but it
may interrupt the communication process in class and bother your
classmates.
Media and information influence to communication

Media and information technology play a vital role in globalization. Through

these, we become connected to different people around the world. These have a
significant influence on the modern culture and become tools in sharing
information, ideas, personal messages, and other content and have become more
widespread and accessible. Not only that they become sources of information, but
entertainment as well.

Media, particularly social media provides great ways to connect, to interact,

and to communicate with friends and family while living separately. We can share
pictures, videos, some information among our friends who are far away from us.
Through social media, you can make strong your existing relationships and can
make new friends from all over the world through different social networking
websites (A Research Guide for Students, 2019). Social media reduce the barriers of
communication and make it easier for everyone to express their thoughts to the
world (EASE Technology Solutions, 2016). Indeed, as technology grows and
expands our range of communication, media is becoming a vital tool for daily social
interaction.

While media can be a good channel for communication and a good source of
information, they also pose some threats to users. Among these are as follows.

1. Media has become a source of misinformation and fake news. These

sometimes are utilized to push personal gain and agenda, making the
receiver of the information deceived, confused and misinformed.
2. Though media helps us improve the way we communicate it is also
abused by many. Everybody publishes whatever he wants and unmindful
of the consequences of their posts. Social media make people feel that
they are allowed to say whatever comes to their mind, making them say
things that they would not normally say on personal encounters, thus
fueling up bullying (EASE Technology Solutions, 2016).
3. Media can also pose medical, social and psychological issues. What is
posted on media may cause dissatisfaction with body image, creates

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 addiction, promote identity stealing and can destroy interpersonal
relationships.

In the process of communication, participants can be both the source

of information and the receiver as well.

Information can be broadly defined as data, knowledge, or

instructions through signals or symbols.

As a source, participants are considered producers of information. The

source should consider the two key components in effective communication:

1. Development of information
2. Selection of medium or media to be used in disseminating information

Media are tools used by the source to disseminate information to the

receiver. It can be broadcast media such as television and radio, print media
such as newspapers and magazines, new media or internet, and non-
traditional media like film, and literature.

In the development of information, the source must know how to

generate information and package it with utmost accuracy and clarity for
the ease of the receivers’ comprehension.

The source should also think of the type of medium that will be used
in disseminating information. Mostly, the source selects medium or media in
conformity with the characteristics of the information users or receivers.
Characteristics pertain to the media habit, lifestyles, and preference of the
receivers.

For instance, a communication strategist as a source of information

would focus its efforts to identify the type of medium or media that the
receivers are always using. This is to ensure that the information would
really land on the feet of the receivers.

Example, an organization advocating anti-air pollution that targets

bus and jeepney drivers would choose radio as their primary medium in
carrying out the message instead of television and print. This is because
majority of the drivers spend long hours of listening to the radio while
driving than the hours they spend watching television or reading
newspapers.

On the other hand, receivers of information should know how to use

media in generating the needed information, and the same time must be
critical in analyzing information. In order to generate the needed
information, receivers must have ideas where the particular information can
be found. Is it in newspaper, books or internet? Secondly, the receivers must

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realize that not all information found in the media are relevant and truthful.
Receivers should learn to be critical in getting information in the media.

The concepts and nature of communication

Communication is an essential skill that a man should enrich.

Through communication, people can express their thoughts, positions, and
feelings.

According to Cambridge Academic Content dictionary, communication

is the process by which messages or information are sent from one place to
another or the message itself. It can also be the exchange of information and
the expression of feeling that can result in understanding. Simply say, it is
the process of sharing messages between human beings.

The types of communication

I. According to Channels Used:

1. Verbal communication
It refers to the form of communication in which message is
transmitted verbally; communication is done by word of mouth and a
piece of writing. And this verbal communication is subdivided into two
forms:
a. Oral Communication- In this form, spoken words are used. It
includes face-to-face conversations, speech, telephonic
conversations, video, radio and voice over the internet. Oral
communication is influenced by pitch, volume, speed and clarity of
speaking.
b. Written Communication: Written signs or symbols are used to
communicate. A written message may be printed or handwritten.
In written communication, message can be transmitted via email,
letter, report, memo among others. Written communication is
influenced by vocabulary and grammar, writing style, precision and
clarity of the language used.

2. Non-verbal Communication
It is sending or receiving of wordless messages. We can say that
communication other than oral and written, such as gesture, body
language, posture, the tone of voice or facial expression, is called non-
verbal communication. In short, non-verbal communication is all
about the body language of the speaker. Also, non-verbal
communication has the following three elements:
a. Appearance: For example, job interview requires interviewees to
wear corporate clothes. Even though your appearance may not be
necessary to determine whether or not you are fit for a post, the

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 interviewer can perceive the way you look as a sign of
professionalism or lack thereof.
b. Body Language: In face-to-face conversations, words are hardly
the only thing the receivers process. They also take your body
language into account. The way one acts as he or she speaks,
whether he’s fidgeting or standing stolidly, the receiver has that in
the block of information to process.
c. Sounds: In communication, it is often the way words are said, not
the actuals words themselves that can determine the success of the
conversation. Tone, pace, volume are considered in understanding
the true meaning of what someone is saying. For instance, a raised
voice can be taken as a sign of anger, a hurried pace can mean
annoyance, and a condescending tone is often understood as
sarcasm.
I. Based on Purpose and Style
1. Formal communication: It mostly takes place in professional
settings. This is practiced in corporate meetings, conferences,
and others where the primary purpose is to disseminate
information concerning parties that are involved in certain type
of official business.
2. Information communication: It is most commonly used form
of communication. It takes place in our daily interaction with
one another. It happens in ordinary settings between friends,
family, classmates and practically anyone who wished to speak
with another. Informal communication is casual talk.

Strengthening the Gap

As a youth belonging to the new generation, it is obvious that media and
information technology really have an influence on you. Identify three (3) media and
information gadgets you have and state the positive and the negative influences/
effects of these in your life especially in dealing with other people.

Activity 1: The Pros and Cons of Media and Information Technology

Complete the chart with the information needed. Write your answers on your
answer sheet.
Positive Effects/ Negative Effects/
How I Utilize
Influence on my Influence on my
My MI Gadgets these gadgets for
communication communication
communication
with other with other
Example: A cellphone I used It is fast and easy Text messaging
Gadget to communicate to use especially such as ‘jejemon’
through phone in text messaging. leads to poor

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 Positive Effects/ Negative Effects/
How I Utilize
Influence on my Influence on my
My MI Gadgets these gadgets for
communication communication
communication
with other with other
calls and text spelling ability.
messaging.
1.
2.
3.

Activity 2: Getting Information

Identify which media the following information can be broadcast or accessed. Write
the letter of your answer on the answer sheet.

.
a. Television b. Radio c. Newspaper d. Magazines e. Internet

1. A vegetable vendor who sells in a public market wishes to get updates about
the prices of the vegetables and fruits.
2. Mario’s assignment is to get a real-time diagram of the Covid-19 cases in the
Philippines.
3. Analyn dreams of becoming a fashion designer. She loves to collect
images of dresses and compiled them.
4. Mark is a 21st century learner and he is really good in social media. In the
new normal, he will study at home under the online curriculum.
5. My father is a teacher and he loves to read. Every morning, while having
breakfast, he loves to get some fresh news.

Wrapping Up to Go
Effective information is the act of giving and receiving information. It takes
place between the sender and receiver. The process of communication involves the
sender, the message he sends, the channel, the interruptions, the receiver and the
feedback. There are various ways or modes of communication and a 21st century
learner must be adept in using these in order to communicate effectively.

Relating to Real Life

ACTIVITY 1: TRUE OR FALSE

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 Read each statement and determine whether the statement is True or
False. Write T if your answer is true and F it is false. Write your answer on
your answer sheet.

1. The way we dress in a certain gathering can tell our personality or

emotions.
2. During the interview, one of the interviewees is having a hard time with
the way he answers. He even stammers or has the difficulty to utter the
words. Does it tell that the interviewee is nervous?
3. When talking to someone, a social status or the relationship of the sender
to the receiver must be considered to consider what form of
communication will be used.
4. In applying for a job where an application letter is required, one may not
consider the vocabulary and grammar but rather focus on the intention
of the letter.
5. If one speaks in a hurried pace, it can mean annoyance.

Checking the Target

DIRECTION: Complete the statements below by writing the letter of the

correct answer on your answer sheet.

1. The act of transferring information from one place, person or group to

another is referred to as ____.
a. context b. communication c. media d. noise

2. The means of communication, such as radio, television, magazines, or the

internet are referred to as:
a. media b. noise c. context d. interference

3. The process of developing and sending a message is referred to as ____.

a. decoding b. encoding c. interpretation d. noise

4. The process of turning communication into thoughts is

a. decoding b. encoding c. environment d. noise

5. The encoder of communication is the

a. context b. environment c. content d. source

6. When the receiver of your text message perceives your typing in all
capitals as that you are shouting or angry, the situation falls under
a. decoding b. encoding c. feedback d. context

7. Which of the following is NOT the positive effects of media to

communication?

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 a. It is used as tools for sharing information, ideas, and messages.
b. It is one of the great ways to connect with friends and families.
c. It is utilized to deceive, confuse and misinform people.
d. It is a source of entertainment.

8. The following are the negative effects of social media to communication

EXCEPT one.
a. It becomes sources of misinformation and fake news.
b. It gives confidence to the user to bully or harass individual.
c. It promotes identity stealing.
d. It is used as a means of teaching and learning in this new normal
brought by COVID-19.

9. The positive impact of information and technology to society are

enumerated below, the one that is not is:
A. integral in democratic processes
B. build communities
C. strengthened civil society
D. tool in insinuating chaos and war among countries and people
E. contributed to economic welfare of the people
a. E b. D c. C d. B
10. This time a lot of items are being copied and uploaded on Facebook.
Included are movies which are not meant to be for free viewing. As a
responsible netizen, you must ____.
a. tag or notify your friends so that they could also enjoy free viewing.
b. report the matter to Facebook authorities.
c. download those and distribute to others.
d. just allow things to happen, anyway many are doing it.

Enriching the Skill

Write an essay composed of not less than 200 words about the topic
below on your answer sheet. The rubric below will be the basis for assessing
your work. Write your essay on your answer sheet.

The Role of Media and Information in Education in the New Normal

brought about by the Covid-19 Pandemic
Exceeds Meets Needs
Criteria / Inadequate
Expectatio Expectations Improvement
Scale (0)
ns (5) (3) (1)
Structure *Paper is *Paper has a *There is some *There is no
*Organization logically clear level of apparent
*Flow of organized. organizational organization, organization of
thought structure with though the paper.

15
 Exceeds Meets Needs
Criteria / Inadequate
Expectatio Expectations Improvement
Scale (0)
ns (5) (3) (1)
*Transitions *It easily some digressions, digressions,
*Format followed ambiguities or ambiguities, *It does not
effective, irrelevances. irrelevances are follow
smooth, too many. logical
logical *It easily followed transitions and
transitions basic transitions *Transitions used it has no
and structured are ineffective format.
professional format. and the format is
format. rambling .
Language *Vocabulary *Vocabulary is *Vocabulary is *Vocabulary is
*Vocabulary; is varied, specific used properly unsophisticated
use of sophisticated and appropriate. though sentences , not used
vocabulary and correct, may be simple. properly in
*Tone sentences *Frequently uses *Infrequently sentences.
vary in subject specific uses subject *It uses subject
structure and vocabulary specific specific
length. correctly. vocabulary vocabulary too
correctly. sparingly.
*Uses and • Writer’s tone
manipulates emerges and is Writer’s tone
subject generally exhibits some
specific appropriate to level of audience
vocabulary audience. sensitivity.
for effect.

* The writer’s
tone is clear,
consistent
and
appropriate
for the
intended
audience.
Content/ *Central idea *Central idea and *The central idea *Central idea
information is well clarity of purpose is expressed and clarity of
*Clarity of developed are generally though it may be purpose are
purpose and clarity of evident vague or too absent or
*Critical and purpose is throughout the broad; Some incompletely
original exhibited essay. sense of purpose expressed and
thought throughout is maintained maintained.
*Use of the paper. *There is throughout the
examples evidence of essay. *There is little
*There is critical, careful or no evidence
abundance of thought and *There is some of critical,
evidence of analysis and/or evidence of careful thought
critical, insight critical, careful analysis and
careful thought and insight
thought and *There are good, analysis and/or

16
 Exceeds Meets Needs
Criteria / Inadequate
Expectatio Expectations Improvement
Scale (0)
ns (5) (3) (1)
analysis relevant insight. *There are too
and/or supporting few, examples
insight examples. *There are some and mostly
examples though irrelevant.
*Examples general
are vivid and
specific, while
focus remains
tight.
Source: https://www.ucdenver.edu/faculty_staff/faculty/center-for-
facultydevelopment/Documents/Tutorials/Rubrics/documents/ex_writing_sample.pdf

17
 18
Checking the Target
1. B
2. A
3. B Relating to Real
4. A Life
5. D
6. D 1. A
7. C 2. A
8. D 3. A
9. B 4. B
10. B 5. A
Strengthening the Gap
My MI How I Utilize Positive Effects/ Negative Effects/
Gadgets these gadgets for Influence on my Influence on my
communication communication communication
with other with other
Example: A cellphone is It is fast and easy Text messaging
Cellphone used to to use especially such as
communicate in text messaging ‘jejemon’ leads
through phone to poor spelling Trying the
calls and text ability Challenge
messaging
Activity 1
1.
1. True
2.
2. False
3. 3. False
Gearing up to Start 4. False
5. False
Strengthening 1. GRAMMAR 6. True
the Gap 2. ACCURACY 7. True
3. LANGUAGE 8. True
Activity 2 4. PURPOSE 9. True
1. B 5. STYLE 10. False
2. A 6. CONTENT 11. True
3. D 7. SENDER 12. True
4. E 8. RECEIVER 13. False
5. C 9. INFORMATION 14. True
10. CLARITY 15. False
Finding the Score
References
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20thoughts%20to%20t
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