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Afrostainfarmtech.: Onion and Garlic Production Guide

This document provides guidance on onion and garlic production, including varietal selection, climate requirements, weed control, fertilizer recommendations, soil conditions, plant spacing, seed requirements, top dressing, pests, diseases, and spraying intervals. The key factors are choosing the right variety, maintaining optimal temperatures during germination and bulb formation, controlling weeds through herbicides, and applying fertilizers and pest/disease control according to a preventative and curative strategy.

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walter mombe
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315 views3 pages

Afrostainfarmtech.: Onion and Garlic Production Guide

This document provides guidance on onion and garlic production, including varietal selection, climate requirements, weed control, fertilizer recommendations, soil conditions, plant spacing, seed requirements, top dressing, pests, diseases, and spraying intervals. The key factors are choosing the right variety, maintaining optimal temperatures during germination and bulb formation, controlling weeds through herbicides, and applying fertilizers and pest/disease control according to a preventative and curative strategy.

Uploaded by

walter mombe
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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AfrostainfarmTech.

ONION AND GARLIC PRODUCTION GUIDE


As we all know “It start with the right seed”. Different crop varieties have got different
genotypic and phenotypic traits and potential e.g one variety may be an Open Pollinated Variety
(OPV) and another an Hybrid variety and from the word go the yield and quality difference will
be automatic, therefore “ALWAYS CHOOSE TE RIGHT CROP VARIETY” that suits your
market and environment ##

Source of quote: Onias Mlambo- Agricura Technical Agronomist (0774901767)

Climatic requirements
Onion and Garlic are a cool season crop, however germination of onion is slow at 6-7oc . The
optimum germination temperature range is 10-15oc and maximum temperature is 40oc . Low
temperatures early in the season are desirable with higher temperature after bulb formation.
Onion and garlic are tolerate to frost but seedlings are generally only tolerant down to 1oc below
that there suffer frost. Onions and garlic are sensitive to protoperiod. Long days are favorable to
onion production as this enhance leaf development and which in turn, is directly related to buld
size. Early varieties require 13 hours for bulb initiation, while the late varietie requires 16hours
for bulb initiation. Onion and garlic begin to form bulb when the day length reaches the
appropriate duration for the cultivar, provided temperatures are high. * Cool weather during
early growth of the plant promote formation of seed stalk ( bolting) .Onion and garlic bulb grow
quickly in warm than cool temperature. ****At 40oc. bulb formation is retarded (farmers should
play around with planting dates and specific varieties to avoid losses)**.In this production there
is an interaction between day-length and temperature in the bulbing process of an individual
cultivar
Weed challenge
Annual grasses: Linurex 50WP (75g/15 lt water/knapsack)
Afalon (Mix Rate 0.75 - 1.5kg/200 lt water/ha)
• Post Planting transplant seedlings 5-20 days after transplanting
Broadleaf weeds: Ronstar 25EC (135ml/15 lt water/knapsack)
• Weeds pre emergent. Mix Rate 4.0 - 5.0 lt/500 lt water/ha.
• transplanted onion seedlings after their establishment

Grasses only: Agil 100EC/ Fluaziquop (60-120ml/15 lt water)


• Weeds post emergent to directly seeded onions at 4-5 leaf stage of seedling
• Post emergent against grasses only. Higher rate for perennial grasses
Fertilizer Recommendations
• A soil test is the most accurate guide to fertiliser requirements
• Soil test results help to determine the nutrients needed and the rate of application
• Basic application 800 – 1000 kg/ha of ZFC vegetable blend(9:24:20),Omnia PV blend or
Windmill Super C(6:24:20)
Soil conditions
• Well drained soils of PH 5.5 to 7.0 are desirable
• You are recommended to work soils to a depth of 45 cm to minimise compaction and
promote good root penetration
Plant spacing
• In row 7 - 10 cm
• Inter row 15 - 20 cm
• You manipulate onion size by your spacing
Seed Requirements
• 3 – 4kg per ha (Open pollinated varieties)
• 800 000 - 1 000 000 seeds ( Hybrids)
• 1 onion seed is 1 bulb(50-120g)
Top Dressing
• Top dress with Ammonium nitrate 200 - 300kg/ha(20 - 30 grams/m2) at 4 weeks after
transplanting
• For good shelf life use calcium nitrate at rate of 50kg per ha

PESTS
• Spray karate(Lambda) for cutworms after planting
• Spray on wet soils to achieve best results
• Thrips use DDVP, Karate, Thunder, Malathion 50EC
• Cutworms use karate(Lambda), Fenveralate, Chlorpyrifos
• Nematodes use Oxamyl, Velum, Solvigo
DISEASES
• Alternaria/Purple Blotch and Downey mildew use copper oxychloride, Dithane m45 as
preventative
• Use Ridomil gold, Bravo, Revus, Folio Gold, Folicur as curative
• Chemicals are applied on prophylactic basis, you don’t wait the pest or disease to appear
into the crop
• A major feature of the insect and disease control recommendations is the successful
strategy for managing the development of resistance, to prolong the effectiveness of
chemicals
• Insecticides and Fungicides are rotated to prevent the build up of resistance and to
provide a better spectrum
• A combination of preventative and curative strategies is used for disease and Insect
control
• A range of products with different modes of action are used
• Insect and disease control does not depend on a single type of product
• Always use wetter or sticker when spraying
• Spraying intervals: winter once a week or every 2 weeks, summer once a week or twice a
week
Breaking News: You don’t need very big hectarage to start agribusiness VaMudhumeni says
your Backyard is just sufficient with the right seed for winter

AFROSTRAINTECH
Jackie Mdhumeni
Contact details +263775363059/+263719200148
Email address lucksonjacksonkagona7@gmail.com

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