2007 SECTION II, PART A SA-181 /SA-181M

SPECIFICATION FOR CARBON STEEL FORGINGS, FOR

GENERAL-PURPOSE PIPING

SA-181 /SA-181M

(Identical with ASTM Specification A 181 /A 181M-01)

1. Scope 2.2 AIAG Standard:

1.1 This specification covers nonstandard as-forged fit- AIAG B-5 02.00 Primary Metals Identification Tag Appli-
tings, valve components, and parts for general service. cation Standard
Forgings made to this specification are limited to a maxi-
mum weight of 10 000 lb [4540 kg]. Larger forgings may
be ordered to Specification A 266/A 266M. 3. General Requirements and Ordering
Information
1.2 Two grades of material are covered, designated
3.1 Product furnished to this specification shall conform
as Classes 60 and 70, respectively, and are classified in
to the requirements of Specification A 961, including any
accordance with their chemical composition and mechani-
supplementary requirements that are indicated in the pur-
cal properties as specified in 5.1 and 6.1.
chase order. Failure to comply with the requirements of
1.3 Class 60 was formerly designated Grade I and Class Specification A 961 constitutes non-conformance with this
70 was formerly designated Grade II. specification.

1.4 This specification is expressed in both inch-pound 3.2 It is the purchaser’s responsibility to specify in
units and SI units. However, unless the order specifies the the purchase order all ordering information necessary to
applicable “M” specification designation (SI units), the purchase the needed material. Examples of such informa-
material shall be furnished to inch-pound units. tion include but are not limited to the ordering information
in Specification A 961 and the following:
1.5 The values stated in either inch-pound units or SI
3.2.1 Supplementary requirements, and
units are to be regarded as standard. Within the text, the
SI units are shown in brackets. The values stated in each 3.2.2 Additional requirements (See 4.3, 9.1, 10.2,
system are not exact equivalents; therefore, each system 12.1, and 12.2).
must be used independently of the other. Combining values
3.3 If the requirements of this specification are in con-
from the two systems may result in nonconformance with
flict with the requirements of Specification A 961, the
the specification.
requirements of this specification shall prevail.

2. Referenced Documents 4. Materials and Manufacture

2.1 ASTM Standards: 4.1 Except for flanges of all types, hollow, cylindrically
A 266/A 266M Specification for Carbon Steel Forgings shaped parts may be machined from hot-rolled or forged
for Pressure Vessel Components bar, provided that the axial length of the part is approxi-
A 788 Specification for Steel Forgings, General Require- mately parallel to the metal flow lines of the stock. Other
ments parts, excluding flanges of all types, up to and including
A 961 Specification for Common Requirements for Steel NPS 4 may be machined from hot-rolled or forged bar.
Flanges, Forged Fittings, Valves, and Parts for Piping Elbows, return bends, tees, and header tees shall not be
Applications machined directly from bar stock.

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 SA-181 /SA-181M 2007 SECTION II, PART A

4.2 Except as permitted in 4.1, the finished product 10. Repair by Welding
shall be a forging as defined in the Terminology section 10.1 Repair welding, by the manufacturer, is permissi-
(exclusively) of Specification A 788. ble for parts made to dimensional standards such as those
4.3 When specified in the order, the manufacturer shall of ANSI or equivalent standards.
submit for approval of the purchaser a sketch showing the
shape of the rough forging before machining. 10.2 Prior approval of the purchaser shall be required
to weld repair special parts made to the purchaser’s require-
4.4 Forgings shall be protected against sudden or too ments.
rapid cooling from the rolling or forging while passing
through the critical range. 10.3 The composition of the weld deposits shall be
similar to the base metal and in accordance with the proce-
4.5 Heat treatment is neither required nor prohibited, dure qualification for the applicable material. Welding shall
but when applied, heat treatment shall consist of tempering, be accomplished with a weld procedure designed to pro-
annealing, normalizing, or normalizing and tempering. duce low hydrogen in the weldment. Short-circuit gas metal
arc welding is permissible only with the approval of the
purchaser.
5. Chemical Composition
5.1 An analysis of each heat shall be made by the
manufacturer to determine the percentages of the elements
specified in Table 1. The chemical composition thus deter- 11. Marking of Forgings
mined shall conform to the requirements in Table 1.
11.1 Identification marks consisting of the manufactur-
er’s symbol or name (Note), designation of service rating,
6. Mechanical Properties Specification number, grade, and size shall be legibly
forged or stamped on each forging, and in such a position
6.1 The material shall conform to the requirements as
as not to injure the usefulness of the forgings.
to tensile properties prescribed in Table 2.
11.2 Bar Coding – In addition to the requirements in
11.1, bar coding is acceptable as a supplementary identifi-
7. Number of Tests cation method. The purchaser may specify in the order a
7.1 One tension test shall be made from each heat. specific bar coding system to be used. The bar coding
7.2 If any test specimen is defectively machined, it system, if applied at the discretion of the supplier, should
may be discarded and another specimen substituted. be consistent with one of the published industry standards
for bar coding. If used on small parts, the bar code may
be applied to the box or a substantially applied tag.
8. Retests
8.1 When one or more representative test specimens
do not conform to specification requirements for the tested
characteristic, only a single retest for each nonconforming 12. Certificate of Compliance
characteristic may be performed to establish product 12.1 When specified in the purchase order or contract,
acceptability. Retests shall be performed on twice the num- a producer’s or supplier’s certification shall be furnished to
ber of representative specimens that were originally non- the purchaser that the material was manufactured, sampled,
conforming. When any retest specimen does not conform tested, and inspected in accordance with this specification
to specification requirements for the characteristic in ques- and has been found to meet the requirements. The specifi-
tion, the lot represented by that specimen shall be rejected, cation designation included on certificates of compliance
heat-treated or reheat-treated in accordance with 4.5, and shall include year of issue and revision letter, if any.
tested in accordance with Sections 6 and 7.
12.2 When specified in the purchase order or contract,
a report of the test results shall be furnished.
9. Reports of Testing
9.1 Upon request of the purchaser in the contract or
order, a report of the test results and chemical analyses
shall be furnished. The specification designation included 13. Keywords
on reports of testing shall include year of issue and revision 13.1 pipe fittings; steel; piping applications; pressure
letter, if any. containing parts; steel forgings; carbon; steel valves

248
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 2007 SECTION II, PART A SA-181 /SA-181M

TABLE 1
CHEMICAL REQUIREMENTS
Composition, %
Element Classes 60 and 70

Carbon, max. 0.35

Manganese, max. 1.10 A
Phosphorus, max. 0.05
Silicon 0.10–0.35
Sulfur, max. 0.05
A
Manganese may be increased to 1.35% max. provided the car-
bon is reduced 0.01% for each 0.06% increase in manganese over
the limit shown in the table.

TABLE 2
TENSILE REQUIREMENTS
Class 60 Class 70

Tensile strength, min., ksi [MPa] 60 [415] 70 [485]

Yield strength, A min., ksi [MPa] 30 [205] 36 [250]
Elongation in 2 in. [50 mm], min., % 22 18
Reduction of area, min., % 35 24
A
Determined by either the 0.2% offset method or the 0.5%
extension-under-load method.

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 SA-181 /SA-181M 2007 SECTION II, PART A

SUPPLEMENTARY REQUIREMENTS

S1. Carbon Equivalent S1.2 Determine the carbon equivalent (CE) as follows:
S1.1 The maximum carbon equivalent based on heat
CE p C + Mn/6 + (Cr + Mo + V)/5 + (Ni + Cu)/15
analysis shall be as follows:
Maximum Carbon Equivalent Value S1.3 A lower maximum carbon equivalent may be
agreed upon between the supplier and the purchaser.
Maximum Section Thickness Maximum Section Thickness
Class Less Than or Equal to 2 in. Greater Than 2 in. S1.4 When this Supplementary Requirement is
60 0.45 0.46 invoked, all elements in the carbon equivalent formula
70 0.47 0.48 shall be analyzed and the amounts reported.

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