Rajiv GandhiUniversityof KnowledgeTechnologies,NUZVID

Department of Electronics & Communications Engineering

I Year B.Tech ECE SEMESTER-I L T P C

Code: EC1101 Electronic Devices and Circuits 3 1 0 4

SYLLABUS:
UNIT I: BAND THEORY INSOLIDS AND TRANSPORTPHENOMENAIN
SEMICONDUCTORS
Energy Band theory of Insulators, Semiconductors and Metals, Mobility and conductivity,
Electrons and holes in an intrinsic semiconductor, Donor and Acceptor impurities, Charge
densities in a semiconductor, Electrical properties of Ge and Si, Hall Effect, Generation and
Recombination of charges, Diffusion, the continuity equation, Injected minority carrier charge,
Potential Variation within a graded semiconductor.

UNIT II: JUNCTION DIODE CHARACTERISTICS & SPECIAL DIODES

CHARACTERISTICS
The open circuited p-n Junction, Current components in a p-n diode, Volt-Ampere
characteristics(Forward Bias and Reverse Bias) and temperature dependence of the V/I
characteristic, Diode Resistance(Static and Dynamic), Diode as a circuit element ,diode models,
Load line concept, Transition capacitance and Diffusion capacitance, Junction diode switching
times. Light Emitting Diodes, Photo diodes, Varactor diodes, Schottky diode and Solar Cells.
Zener diodes, Zener voltage regulator and its Limitations.

UNIT III: PN DIODE APPLICATIONS

Half Wave, Full wave and Bridge rectifiers (their operation, performance calculations ), with
Filters (RC,LC,RLC),Ripple factor calculations, Clippers and Clampers (Transfer
characteristics).

UNIT IV: TRANSISTOR CHARACTERISTICS

BJT construction, Transistor Junction formation (Collector-Base, Base-Emitter Junctions),
Current components, Modes of Transistor operations, Early Effect, BJT input and output
characteristics in different configurations.

UNIT V: TRANSISTOR BIASING AND STABILIZATION

Biasing techniques-different types of biasing , Transistor as an amplifier, Thermal runaway, heat
sinks, Thermal stabilization, Operating point stabilization against temperature and device
variations, Stability factors, Bias stabilization and compensation techniques.

UNIT VI: FIELD EFFECT TRANSISTORS AND MOSFETS

Construction of JFET, JFET characteristics and applications, MOSFET construction , Types of
MOSFET (Enhancement type and Depletion type), MOSFET characteristics and applications,
Introduction toCMOS.
 Rajiv GandhiUniversityof KnowledgeTechnologies,NUZVID
Department of Electronics & Communications Engineering

REFERENCE:

1.JacobMilliman,ChristosC. Halkias,andSatyabratajit, Electronic Devices and Circuits,McGraw

Hill,3rd Edition,2012

2.DavidA.Bell,Electronic Devices and Circuits, Oxford University Press, 5th edition, 2008

3. Solid State Electronic Devices,6thedition,BenG.StreetMan,Sanjay Kumar Benerjee

 Rajiv GandhiUniversityof KnowledgeTechnologies,NUZVID
Department of Electronics & Communications Engineering

I Year B.Tech ECE SEMESTER-I L T P C

Code: MA1141 Engineering Mathematics-I 3 1 0 4

UNIT-I: SEQUENCES AND SERIES

Sequences and their limits, Convergence of series, Comparison test, Ratio test, Root test,
Absolute and Conditional convergence, Alternating series, Power series, Taylor’s and
Maclaurin’s series

UNIT-II: FUNCTIONS OF SEVERAL VARIABLES

Limit, Continuity and Differentiability of functions of several variables, Partial derivatives and
their geometrical interpretation, Differentials, Derivatives of Composite and Implicit functions,
Chain rule, Derivatives of higher order, Homogeneous functions, Euler's theorem, and
Harmonic functions.

UNIT-III: APPLICATIONS OF FUNCTIONS OF SEVERAL VARIABLES

Taylor's expansion of functions of several variables, Maxima and Minima of functions of
several variables - Lagrange's method of multipliers.

UNIT-IV: INTERPOLATION
Lagrange interpolation, Finite differences, Newton's forward and backward interpolation
formulae, divided differences.

UNIT-V: NUMERICAL INTEGRATION AND NUMERICAL SOLUTION OF IVP

Trapezoidal rule, Simpson's 1/3rd rule and Simpson's 3/8th rule for numerical integration,
Solution of IVP by Euler and Runga-Kutta method.

UNIT-VI: CURVE FITTING AND NUMERICAL SOLUTION OF

TRANSCENDENTAL EQUATIONS.
Curve fitting by Least square method [(i) straight line (ii) Parabola]. Roots of polynomial and
transcendental equations – bisection method, Regula-falsi method and Newton-Raphson method.

TEXT BOOKS:

1. ERWIN KREYSZIG,Advanced Engineering Mathematics, 9th Edition, Wiley-

India
2. R. K. Jain and S. R. K. Iyengar, Advanced Engineering Mathematics, 3rd Edition,
NarosaPublishers..
3. B.S.GREWAL, Higher Engineering Mathematics, 42nd Edition, Khanna
Publishers.
 Rajiv GandhiUniversityof KnowledgeTechnologies,NUZVID
Department of Electronics & Communications Engineering

REFERENCE BOOKS:
1. S.S. Sastry ,Introductory Methods of Numerical Analysis ,Third Edition, Prentice
Hall India

VIDEO REFERENCE LINKS:

Title Expert Name Details Web Link

Mathemati Prof.S.K.Ray, Faculty in Dept. of http://nptel.ac.in/courses/1
cs-1 ,Prof.ShobhaMadha Mathematics IIT KANPUR 22104017/
n,,Dr.P.Shunmugra
g
 Rajiv GandhiUniversityof KnowledgeTechnologies,NUZVID
Department of Electronics & Communications Engineering

I Year B.Tech ECE SEMESTER-I L T P C

Code: EC1102 Electrical Technology 3 1 0 4

SYLLABUS:
UNIT-I: BASIC CIRCUIT ANALYSIS CONCEPTS
Circuit Concept, R,L,C Parameters & Elements, Voltage and Current Sources, Independent and
Dependent Sources, Source Transformation, Kirchhoff’s Laws, Network Reduction Techniques
– Series, Parallel, Series Parallel, Star–to-Delta or Delta-to-Star Transformations, Nodal
Analysis, Mesh Analysis, Super node and Super mesh for DC
Excitations.Theorems:Thevenins,Nortons,Maximum Power transfer.

UNIT-II: SINGLE PHASE AND THREE PHASE CIRCUITS A.C. CIRCUITS

R.M.S., Average values and form factor ,Steady State Analysis of R, L and C (in Series, Parallel
and Series-Parallel Combinations) with Sinusoidal Excitation, Concept of Reactance,
Impedance, Susceptance and Admittance, Phase and Phase difference, Concept of Power Factor,
Real and Reactive powers, Complex and Polar forms of representation, Complex power,
Resonance-series, parallel circuits, concept of band width and Q factor, Phase Sequence- Star
and Delta Connection-Relation Between Line and Phase Voltages and Currents in Balanced
Systems-Analysis of Balanced Three Phase Circuits - Measurement of Active and Reactive
Power in Balanced Three Phase Systems - Two Wattmeter Method of Measurement of Three
Phase Power.

UNIT-III: MAGNETIC CIRCUITS AND SINGLE PHASE TRANSFORMER

Magnetic circuits -Faraday’s laws of electromagnetic induction-concept of self and mutual
inductance-dot convention-coefficient of coupling-composite magnetic circuit-analysis of series
and parallel magnetic circuits.
Principle of Operation of Single Phase Transformers –Types- EMF Equation - Operation on No
Load and On Load -Phasor Diagrams. Equivalent Circuit, Losses and Efficiency, Regulation.
OC and SC Tests - Predetermination of Efficiency and Regulation (Simple Problems

UNIT-IV: DC MACHINES
Principle of Operation of DC Machines, Types of Generators, DC Motors, Types of Motors,
Losses and Efficiency, Swinburne's Test, Speed Control of DC Shunt Motor, Flux and Armature
Voltage Control Methods.

UNIT-V: AC MACHINES
Polyphase Induction Motors-Types- Production of a Rotating Magnetic Field - Principle of
Operation. Special machines-fractional hp motors.
 Rajiv GandhiUniversityof KnowledgeTechnologies,NUZVID
Department of Electronics & Communications Engineering

UNIT-VI: MEASURING INSTRUMENTS

Principle and types of analog and digital volt meters, ammeters, wattmeter and energy meter.

TEXT BOOKS:

1. Hughes, Electrical And Electronic Technology, Pearson 10/E 2011

2. DP Kothari and I.J Nagrath, Basic Electrical Engineering, McGraw-Hill Education (3rd
edition) 2010.
3. WH Hayt JE Kemmerly and S M Durbin, Engineering circuit analysis, McGraw-Hill
Book Company Inc, (8th Edition), 2013.

REFERENCES:

1. Vincent Del Toro's, Electrical Engineering Fundamentals, Pearson 2ndEdition, 2015.

2. JB Gupta, A course in Electrical Technology (Vol.2), S. K. Kataria& Sons, 2010.

VIDEO REFERENCE LINKS:

Title Expert Name Details Web Link

Basic Prof. U Umanand IISC Bangalore http://nptel.ac.in/courses/1
Electrical 08108076/
Technology
Prof.S.Aniruddhan Department of Electrical https://onlinecourses.nptel
Basic
Engineering, IIT, Madras .ac.in/noc16_ee03
Electrical
Circuits
Prof.Anant Director of MIT’s https://6002x.mitx.mit.edu
Circuits
Agarwal Computer Science and /courseware/6.002_Spring
and
Artificial Intelligence _2012/
electronics
Laboratory
 Rajiv GandhiUniversityof KnowledgeTechnologies,NUZVID
Department of Electronics & Communications Engineering

I Year B.Tech SEMESTER -I L T P C

ECE
Programming and Data 3 1 0 4
Code:CS1108 Structures in C

SYLLABUS:
UNIT 1: BASIC PROGRAMMING CONSTRUCTS
Introduction to computers and programming, Variables, Operators and Expressions, Input and
output statements, conditionals, loops

UNIT 2: ARRAYS, POINTERS AND STRINGS

Introduction to arrays, One Dimensional arrays, Finding Prime numbers, Debugging, Multi-
dimensional arrays, Pointers, Arrays and pointer arithmetic, Strings

UNIT 3: FUNCTIONS, TIME COMPLEXITY

Introduction to functions, Arguments, variables and parameters, Pass parameters by reference,
Recursive functions, C control structures, functional specification of programs, complexity
analysis using sum and product rule, complexity analysis of recursive functions

UNIT 4: SORTING AND SEARCHING ALGORITHMS

Algorithms and Powering, Polynomial evaluation and multiplication, Linear and Binary Search
Analysis, Analysis of minimum and maximum in an array, Sorting: Insertion, Merge, Counting,
Radix, Finding i-th smallest number

UNIT 5: STRUCTURES, DYNAMIC MEMORY ALLOCATION AND ADTS

Structures, Using structures and pointers to structures, Dynamic memory allocation, Linked list,
Brief introduction to C++: Classes and objects, Absract Data Types

UNIT 6: DATA STRUCTURES AND ALGORITHMS

Stacks, Queues, Trees, Tree Traversal, Binary search, Heaps, Graphs and representations,
Greedy algorithms, dynamic programming, matrix chain multiplication, Hash Tables, Graph
algorithms: Dijkstras Algorithm and Prims algorithm, Graph Traversals, File I/O, Modular
Programming

TEXTBOOKS:
1. C and Data Structures,E.Balaguruswamy
2. The C Programming Language, Brian W.Kernighan,Dennis Ritchie
3. Programming in C by RemaThareja
 Rajiv GandhiUniversityof KnowledgeTechnologies,NUZVID
Department of Electronics & Communications Engineering

VIDEO REFERENCE LINKS:

Title Expert Name Details Web Link

Programmin Prof.HemaA.Murth Faculty in IIT MADRAS http://nptel.ac.in/courses/1
g,Data y,Prof.Shankarbala 06106127/
structures chandran,
and Dr.N.S.Narayanasw
Algorithms amy
 Rajiv GandhiUniversityof KnowledgeTechnologies,NUZVID
Department of Electronics & Communications Engineering

I Year B.Tech ECE SEMESTER-I L T P C

Code: EC1701 Electronic Devices and Circuits lab 0 0 3 2

LIST OF EXPERIMENTS:

1. Introduction to Lab Components and electronic instruments

2. Characteristics of PN junction Diode/Zener Diode
3. Characteristics of LED/Photodiode
4. Design of a Zener diode as a voltage regulators
5. Design of Half wave Rectifier/Full wave/Bridge wave rectifier with and without LC / RC
filters
6. Design and analysis ofClippers and Clampers
7. Characteristics of Common Base/ Common Emitter/Common collector configurations
 Rajiv GandhiUniversityof KnowledgeTechnologies,NUZVID
Department of Electronics & Communications Engineering

I Year B.Tech ECE SEMESTER-I L T P C

Code:EC1702 Electrical Technology Laboratory 0 0 3 2

LIST OF EXPERIMENTS:
1. Introduction: Familiarization with supply panel (AC & DC), all measuring instruments, auto
transformers (1-φ and 3- φ), Name plate specifications of all machines.
2. Verification of KVL and KCL
3. Calibration of Single Phase Energy Meter
4. Study the Characteristics of Fluorescent and Incandescent Lamp
5. Study the behaviors of series RLC circuit
6. Three phase power measurement by two Wattmeter method
7. Single Phase Transformer: OC and SC Test
8. Speed control of D.C Shunt Motor
9. OCC of separately excited DC Shunt Generator
10. Loading characteristics of a three phase induction motor
 Rajiv GandhiUniversityof KnowledgeTechnologies,NUZVID
Department of Electronics & Communications Engineering

I Year B.Tech SEMESTER – I L T P C

ECE
Code:CS1708 Programming And Data 0 0 3 2
Structures In C Lab

UNIT 1: INTRODUCTION TO C, CONDITIONAL STATEMENTS AND LOOPS

1. C Program to calculate the sum of Natural numbers.
2. C Program to generate multiplication table of a given number.
3. C Program to display Fibonacci sequence (Up to given number)
4. C Program to Check whether a given number is prime or not
5. C Program to make a simple Calculator using switch case
6. C Program to check whether a number is palindrome or not
7. C Program to display factors of a given number
8. C Program to print Pyramids, Triangles and various patters using loops

UNIT 2: ARRAYS AND SORTINGS

1. C Program to find second largest Element of an Array
2. C Program to add two matrix using multi-dimensional arrays.
3. C Program to multiply two matrix using multi-dimensional arrays.
4. C Program to find transpose of a matrix.
5. C Program to Sort Elements of an Array using Bubble sort.
6. Using Insertion Sort, Selection Sort
7. Using Counting Sort, Bucket Sort 8. Check whether two strings are anagram of each other or
not.

UNIT 3: FUNCTIONS AND RECURSION

1. C Program to check whether given number is prime or not using user-defined function.
2. C Program to swap two integer values using call by value and call by reference.
3. C Program to find the factorial of a given number using recursion.
4. C Program to calculate length of string without using strlen() function.
5. C Program to print all permutations of a string (abc, acb, bac, bca, cab, cba)
6. C Program to sort elements in Lexicographical order (Dictionary order) using in built string
functions.
7. Sorting using Merge Sort
8. Sorting using Quick Sort

UNIT 4: STRUCTUES AND UNIONS

1. C Program using structures to read and display the information about a student.
2. C Program to read, display, add and subtract two complex numbers.
 Rajiv GandhiUniversityof KnowledgeTechnologies,NUZVID
Department of Electronics & Communications Engineering

3. C Program to read and display the information of a student using nested structure
4. C Program, using an array of pointers to a structure, to read and display the data of students.
5. C Program to demonstrate arrays of Union variables.
6. C Program using structures to maintain a book library (Book is a structure) which has
following operations print various types of books along with their count, author details, search
a book by author name or book name or publisher.

UNIT 5: POINTERS AND FILE HANDLING

1. C Program to demonstrate, handling of pointers in C.
2. C Program to access array elements using pointers.
3. C Program to find the sum of n numbers with arrays and pointers.
4. C Program to swap two numbers using pointers and function
5. C Program to find sum of n elements entered by user. To perform this allocate memory
dynamically using malloc() function.
6. C Program to read and write a file.
7. C Program to count number of lines and words.
8. Write a c program to copy a data of file to other file.

UNIT 6: INTRODUCTION TO DATA STRUCTURES

1. Write a program to create a linked list and perform insertions and deletions of all cases. Write
functions to sort and finally delete the entire list at once.
2. Write a program to create a doubly linked list and perform insertions and deletions in all cases.
3. Write a program to perform push, pop and peek operations on a stack.
4. Write a program to implement a linked stack.
5. Write a program to implement a linked queue.
6. Write a program to implement binary search tree insertion.
7. Write a program to implement binary search tree traversals (pre-order, post-order, in-order).

REFERENCES:
1. Introduction to C Programming - ReemaThareja
2. The C Programming Language - Brian W. Kernighan and Dennis M. Ritchie
3.http://www.geeksforgeeks.org/c/
4.http://www.cquestions.com/2010/07/c-program-examples.html
 Rajiv GandhiUniversityof KnowledgeTechnologies,NUZVID
Department of Electronics & Communications Engineering

I Year B.Tech ECE SEMESTER-II L T P C

Code: EC1201 Analog Electronics &Circuits-I 3 1 0 4

UNIT I: BJT - SMALL SIGNAL ANALYSIS

BJT- small signal models h-parameter model, π-model . DC and AC load lines, Design of
amplifiers in CB,CE and CC Configurations and Comparison.Comparison between Large signal
model and small signal model.

UNIT II: MOSFET BIASING AND ITS SMALL SIGNAL ANALYSIS

MOSFET Biasing, Large signal and Small signal models, Channel length modulation,
Calculation of Small signal parameters of an amplifier in CS, CG and CD configurations.

UNIT III: DIFFERENTIAL AMPLIFIERS

Introduction to ideal Operational Amplifier. Operation of Differential Amplifier, Realization of
BJT and MOSFET differential amplifiers using resistive loads, Biasing of Differential
amplifiers, Calculations of Differential gain, Common mode gain and CMRR. Transfer
characteristics of Differential amplifier, Step response of a Differential amplifier,Design of
Differential amplifier using active Load (Current mirrors).

UNIT IV: MULTI-STAGE AMPLIFIERS

Design of Cascade andCascodeamplifiers, Frequency Analysis of Multi Stage Amplifiers,
Calculation of low frequency and High frequency Parameters.Band Pass and Band Reject
Concepts of Multi stage amplifiers.

UNIT V: FEEDBACK AMPLIFIERS

Feedback concept, General characteristics of Negative feedback amplifier,Different feedback
amplifiers (Voltage- series feedback, Current- series feedback, Current-shunt feedback, Voltage-
shunt feedback),Effect of negative feedback on Input and output impedences,gain, bandwidth.
Stability Analysis.

UNIT VI: OSCILLATORS

Positive feedback concept,BarkHaushen criteria and Design of RC Phase Shift ,LC Oscillators
and Crystal oscillators.

TESTBOOKS:
1. Millman J. and C. Halkias, Integrated Electronics, 2/e, TMH, 2010.
2. Boylestad R. L. and L. Nashelsky, Electronic Devices and Circuit Theory, 10/e or 11/e,
Pearson, 2009.
3. David J Bell., Electronic Circuit Design and Applications
 Rajiv GandhiUniversityof KnowledgeTechnologies,NUZVID
Department of Electronics & Communications Engineering

REFERENCEBOOKS:
1. Neamen D., Electronic Circuit Analysis and Design, 3/e, TMH, 2006
2. Spencer R. R. and M. S. Ghausi, Introduction to Electronic Circuit Design, Pearson, 2003.
3. Sedra and Smith Microelectronics Circuits 6th Edition.

VIDEO REFERENCE:

TITLE EXPERT NAME DETAILS WEBLINK

Electronics for http://nptel.ac.in/courses/117106
Analog Signal Prof.K.Radhakrishna IITMadras 087/
Processing – I Rao
 Rajiv GandhiUniversityof KnowledgeTechnologies,NUZVID
Department of Electronics & Communications Engineering

I Year B.Tech SEMESTER-II L T P C

Code: EC1204 Digital Electronics 3 1 0 4

SYLLABUS:

UNIT I: NUMBER SYSTEMS & CODES

Review of number systems: Digital systems, Binary, Octal & Hexadecimal Numbering systems,
Number base conversions, binary arithmetic, complements of numbers, signed binary numbers,
Binary codes: weighted & Non-weighted, error detecting & error correcting codes –hamming
code and other codes.
BOOLEAN ALGEBRA & LOGIC GATES: Boolean Algebra-Basic definition, Basic Logic
operations, Basic theorems and properties, Truth tables, Boolean Functions, Representation of
Boolean functions: Canonical & Standard forms, Other logic operations, Digital Logic gates,
Universal gates.

UNIT II: GATE LEVEL MINIMIZATION

Algebraic simplification of Boolean expressions, the map method, four variable K-map, five
variable K-map, Prime implicants, POS & SOP Simplification, Don’t care conditions, Tabular
Method- Simplification of Boolean function using tabulation Method, two level and multi-level
NAND & NOR Implementation, Other two level Implementation circuits, Ex-OR Function and
properties.

UNIT III:COMBINATIONAL CIRCUITS

Combinational circuits, Analysis & Synthesis (Design) procedure, Design using conventional
logic gates: Binary Adder-subtractor- Decimal Adder- Binary Multiplier- Magnitude
comparator- Parity generators and checkers- Code Converters; Hazards; Decoder, Encoders,
Multiplexers, Demultiplexer, Logic Design using MSI Components.

UNIT IV: SYNCHRONOUS SEQUENTIAL CIRCUITS

Sequential Circuits, Latches, Flips-Flops –Level and Edge triggering, Master- Slave Flip-flops &
Edge triggered Flip-flops, Characteristic table and equation, Excitation table, Flip-flop
conversions. Analysis of synchronous sequential circuits, State Reduction & Assignment, Design
procedure of synchronous sequential circuits, Design examples: Serial binary adder-sequence
detector.
 Rajiv GandhiUniversityof KnowledgeTechnologies,NUZVID
Department of Electronics & Communications Engineering

UNIT V:SHIFT REGISTERS & COUNTERS

Registers, Shift Registers: SISO, SIPO, PISO, PIPO & universal shift registers, Applications,
Counters: Ripple Counters, Synchronous counters, other counters and Applications of counters.
FINITE STATE MACHINES:Introduction- General Model of FSM, Classifications of FSM
(Mealy & Moore Models), Design of FSM, Design examples, Capabilities and limitations of
FSM

UNIT VI: MEMORY AND PROG RAMMABLE LOGIC

Introduction, Random Access Memory, Memory Decoding, Read Only Memory, Programmable
Logic Array, Programmable Array Logic, Sequential Programmable devices, Complex
Programmable logic devices, Field Programmable Gate Arrays.

TEXT BOOKS:
1. M. Morris Mano & Michel D. Ciletti, “Digital Design: With an Introduction to Verilog
HDL”, 5th Edition, Pearson / PHI Publishers, 2013
2. Stephen Brown &ZvonkoVranesic, “Fundamentals of Digital Logic with Verilog
Design”,3rd Edition, McGraw Hill, 2013.
3. Ronald J. Tocci& Neal S. Widmer, “Digital Systems Principles and Applications”, Pearson,
10th Edition, 2011

REFERENCE BOOKS:
1. ZviKohavi&NirahK.Jha, “Switching theory and Finite Automata Theory” , 3rd Edition,
Cambridge university press, 2010.
2. Anil K Maini, “Digital Electronics: Principles and Integrated Circuits”, 1st edition, John
Wiley & Sons, 2007.
 Rajiv GandhiUniversityof KnowledgeTechnologies,NUZVID
Department of Electronics & Communications Engineering

I Year B.Tech ECE SEMESTER-II L T P C

Code: MA1241 Engineering Mathematics-II 3 1 0 4

UNIT-I: INTEGRALS
Convergence of improper integrals, tests of convergence, Beta and Gamma functions -
elementary properties, differentiation under integral sign, and differentiation of integrals with
variable limits - Leibnitz rule.

UNIT-II: DOUBLE INTEGRALS AND JACOBIAN TRANSFORMATIONS

Rectification, double and triple integrals, computations of surface and volumes, change of
variables in double integrals - Jacobians of transformations, integrals dependant on parameters -
applications.

UNIT-III: VECTOR CALCULUS

Scalar and vector fields, level surfaces, directional derivative, Gradient, Curl, Divergence,
Laplacian, line and surface integrals, theorems of Green, Gauss and Stokes, orthogonal
curvilinear coordinates.

UNIT-IV: COMPLEX VARIABLES

Limit, Continuity, Differentiability and Analyticity of functions, Cauchy-Riemann equations

UNIT-V: COMPLEX INTEGRATION

Line integrals in complex plane, Cauchy’s integral theorem, Independence of paths, Existence of
indefinite integral, Cauchy’s integral formula, Derivatives of analytic functions

UNIT-VI: RESIDUE AND APPLICATIONS

Taylor’s series, Laurent’s series, Zeros and singularities, Residue theorem, Evaluation of real
integrals.

TEXT BOOKS:

1. ERWIN KREYSZIG, Advanced Engineering Mathematics, 9th Edition, Wiley-

India
2. B.S.GREWAL,Higher Engineering Mathematics, 42nd Edition, Khanna
Publishers.
3. R. K. Jain and S. R. K. Iyengar, Advanced Engineering Mathematics, 3rd
Edition, Narosa Publishing House, New Delhi.
 Rajiv GandhiUniversityof KnowledgeTechnologies,NUZVID
Department of Electronics & Communications Engineering

REFERENCE BOOKS:
1. J.W. Brown and R.V. Churchill, Complex variables and Applications, 8th Edition,
McGraw – Hill

2. Thomas Calculus, Maurice D.Wier, Joel Hass Eleventh Edition, Pearson Education ,2008

VIDEO REFERENCE LINKS:

Title Expert Name Details Web Link

Advance Prof.P.D.Srivastava Faculty in Dept of http://nptel.ac.in/courses/1
Engg.Math . Mathematics, IIT 11105035/
ematics-1 KANPUR
 Rajiv GandhiUniversityof KnowledgeTechnologies,NUZVID
Department of Electronics & Communications Engineering

I Year B.Tech ECE Semester-II L T P C

Code: EC1202 Network Theory 3 1 0 4

SYLLABUS:

UNIT I: BASIC CONCEPTS OF NETWORKS

Ohm’s Lawsand Kirchhoff’s Laws, Open circuit and Short circuit, Current and Voltage division
rule, Network Reduction Techniques – Series, Parallel, Series Parallel, Star–to-Delta or Delta-
to-Star Transformations, Nodal Analysis and Mesh Analysis. Network theorem and applications.

UNIT II: TRANSIENT ANALYSIS OF FIRST ORDER CIRCUITS

Natural and forced response, Source free RL and RC Circuits, Transient analysis of R, L and C
circuits ( seriesRL and RC ) with DC Excitation,Analysis of linear circuits using Laplace
transform: Introduction to Laplace transform, Circuit element models, Circuit Analysis using
Laplace- examples, Transfer functions, Solution of circuit differential equations using Laplace
transforms.

UNIT III: NETWORK TOPOLOGY

Definitions, Graph, Tree, link and Co-tree, Network variables, Incidence matrix, Basic cut-set
and Basic Tie-set Matrices for Planar Networks, Formulation of Equilibrium equations, Duality
& Dual Networks.

UNIT IV: TWO PORT NETWORKS

Relationship of two port variables, Open circuit Impedance parameters, Short circuitAdmittance
parameters, Transmission Parameters, Hybrid Parameters, Relationship between parameter sets,
Reciprocity and Symmetry, Interconnection of two port networks.

UNIT V: STATE SPACE MODELS FOR ELECTRICAL NETWORKS

Concept of state, State equations, Equivalent source method, Network topological method, State
space model and state transition matrix, application to electrical
networks.Filternetworks:Amplitude and phase response, Symmetrical networks, Impedance and
propagation constant, High pass, Low pass, Pass band and stop band filters.
 Rajiv GandhiUniversityof KnowledgeTechnologies,NUZVID
Department of Electronics & Communications Engineering

UNIT VI:

Power law inductions: noise induction, utility transients , remedies

TEXT BOOKS:

1. Valkenburg M.E. Van, “ Network Analysis” , Prentice Hall.

2. Engg Circuit Analysis, :Hayt 7th edition Tata Mcgraw – Hill.
3. Principles of Network Analysis Elis Horwood
4. Network theory – N. C Jagan

VIDEO REFERENCE LINKS:

Title Expert Name Details Web Link

Networks Prof.T.K.Basu, Faculty in Dept. of EE IIT http://nptel.ac.in/courses/1
Signals and KHARGPUR 08105065/
Systems
 Rajiv GandhiUniversityof KnowledgeTechnologies,NUZVID
Department of Electronics & Communications Engineering

B. Tech: I Year ECE SEMESTER-II L T P C

Code: EC1203 Signals and Systems 3 1 0 4

SYLLABUS:

UNIT I:INTRODUCTION TO SIGNALS

Mathematical representations of a signal, Common signals in Engineering: Exponential and
Sinusoidal signals, singularity functions- unit impulse function, unit step function ,
Transformations of the independent & dependent variables, size of a signal, absolutely
integrable& square integrable functions, Characterization & Classification of Signals.
Introduction to systems: Modeling of systems: input-output description, typical examples of
systems, Characterization, Classification and properties of systems, Interconnections of systems

UNIT II: CONTINUOUS-TIME (CT) LINEAR TIME-INVARIANT (LTI) SYSTEMS

System Response to Internal Conditions, The representation of CT signals in terms of impulses,
the CT unit impulse response, system response to external input: convolution for CT LTI
systems, Properties of Convolution, Properties of CT LTI systems: memoryless systems,
stability, invertibility, causality; unit step response, Differential equation models & Solution of
differential equations: Natural & Forced responses, ZIR & ZSR, stability in terms of natural
response, System response to complex exponential inputs

UNIT III:SIGNAL REPRESENTATION BY FOURIER SERIES

Signals and Vectors, Signal comparison: correlation, Signal representation by orthogonal signal
set, Trigonometric Fourier series, Wave Symmetry, exponential Fourier series, Convergence of
the Fourier series and Gibbs Phenomenon, frequency spectra, Properties of Fourier series, Power
representation using Fourier series, LTI system response to periodic inputs.

UNIT IV: THE CONTINUOUS-TIME FOURIER TRANSFORM (CTFT)

Development of CTFT of an aperiodic signal, Convergence of CTFT, CTFT of some useful
functions, Magnitude and Phase representation of CTFT, The CTFT of periodic signals,
Properties of CTFT, Frequency spectra of signals, Signal bandwidth, System bandwidth,
Frequency response of LTI systems, Energy and Power Density Spectra.
 Rajiv GandhiUniversityof KnowledgeTechnologies,NUZVID
Department of Electronics & Communications Engineering

UNIT V: CT SYSTEM ANALYSIS USING THE LAPLACE TRANSFORM

The Laplace Transform, Region of Convergence, Laplace transform of elementary functions,
Properties of Laplace Transform, The Inverse Laplace Transform, Response of LTI systems,
System Functions, Relationship between Laplace Transform and Fourier Transform, The
Unilateral Laplace Transform

UNIT VI: ANALOG FILTERS

Time -domain and frequency -domain aspects of ideal and non-ideal frequency selective filters,
causality and Paley wiener criterion for physical realization, Design of Filters: System design
using placement of poles and zeros, Approximating functions: Butterworth and Chebyshev
Filters, Frequency transformations, Conditions and requirements for Distortion less transmission.

TEXT BOOKS:
1. Alan V Oppenheim, Alan VWillsky, S. Hamid Nawab, “Signals and Systems”, 2nd edition,
Pearson/PHI, 2015
2. B P Lathi, “Principles of Signal Processing and Linear Systems”, 1st edition, Oxford
University press, 2009
3. C L Philips, J M Parr and Eve A Riskin,“Signals, Systems and Transforms”, 4thEdition,
Pearson Education, 2008.

REFERENCE BOOKS:
1. Simon Haykin, Van Veen, “Signals & Systems”, 2nd Edition, Wiley Publications, 2007.
2. MahamoodNahvi, “Signals and Systems”, McGraw Hill Publishers, 1st edition, 2015.
3. Michael Roberts, Govind Sharma “Fundamentals of Signals and Systems”, MGH Publishers
(SIE), 2ndEdition, 2008.
4. A Anand Kumar, “Signals and Systems”, 3rd edition, Pearson/PHI, 2013

VIDEO REFERENCE LINKS:

S.No Title Expert Name Details of Expert Web link

1 Signals and Prof. Alan V. Massachusetts https://ocw.mit.edu/resources/res-6-
Systems Oppenheim Institute of 007-signals-and-systems-spring-
Technology 2011/video-lectures/
(MIT)

2 Signals and Prof. K S IIT Kanpur http://nptel.ac.in/courses/117104074/

Systems venkatesh
3 Networks Prof. V.G.K. IIT Madras http://nptel.ac.in/courses/108106075/
and Murti
Systems
 Rajiv GandhiUniversityof KnowledgeTechnologies,NUZVID
Department of Electronics & Communications Engineering

VIDEO REFERENCE LINKS:

S.No Title Expert Name Details of Web link

Expert
1 Signals and Prof. V M IIT Bombay http://nptel.ac.in/courses/117101055/
Systems Gadre
 Rajiv GandhiUniversityof KnowledgeTechnologies,NUZVID
Department of Electronics & Communications Engineering

I Year B.Tech ECE Semester-II L T P C

Code: EC1801 ANALOG ELECTRONIC 0 0 3 2

CIRCUITS-I LABORATORY

LIST OF EXPERIMENTS:

1. Design and analysis of Single stage amplifier(CE/CC/CB Configuration)

2. Design and Analysis of Multi Stage Amplifier (Cascade and Cascode amplifier).
3. Design and analysis of Feedback Amplifiers(Voltage series/Voltage Shunt Feedback
amplifier)
4. Differential amplifier ( Designing a specified value of CMRR)
5. Current mirror (using BJT Frequency response of CE, CB ,CC and differential amplifier
using current mirror.
6. Design of RC phase shift oscillator/ wein bridge oscillator and LC oscillators.
7. Design of Summing/Inverter using OP-AMP.
 Rajiv GandhiUniversityof KnowledgeTechnologies,NUZVID
Department of Electronics & Communications Engineering

I Year B.Tech SEMESTER-II L T P C

Code: EC1802 Digital Electronic Circuits Lab 0 0 3 2

LIST OF EXPERIMENTS:
1. Familiarization with logic gate IC’s
2. Design of code converters and comparators (8-bit)
3. Adder related experiments: Half adder , full adder , half subtractor, full subtractor , ripple
carry adder, BCD adder, carry look ahead adder using IC
4. Design of a binary multiplier and displaying its inputs and outputs on seven segment display
unit
5. Familiarization with multiplexer, decoder, encoder. Design of Half adder, full adder,
magnitude comparator and other examples using above familiarized components
6. Bi-stable multi-vibrator design. Design and verification of SR,JK,D,T latch/flip-flops.
Verification and elimination of Race Around Condition
7. Flip-flop conversions and Design of frequency dividers
8. Design of synchronous counters (Up and Down) and displaying result on seven segment
display unit
a. Design of Mod n ≤ 2n counter design( total 8 states, design of mod6 and mod7
with clear
b. Design and IC verification of Decade counter
c. Cascading of counters
9. Synchronous counter design and displaying result on seven segment display unit
a. Random sequence
b. Ring counter/Johnson counter
10. Verification and analysis of ALU IC
11. Design of a digital clock
12. Design and submission of term project
 Rajiv GandhiUniversityof KnowledgeTechnologies,NUZVID
Department of Electronics & Communications Engineering

II Year B.Tech ECE SEMESTER-III L T P C

CODE:EC1301 Linear Control Systems 2 2 0 4

SYLLABUS:

UNIT – I:INTRODUCTION TO CLASSICAL CONTROL SYSTEMS:

Open loop and closed loop control systems- Transfer functions- Block diagrams and their
reduction - Signal flow graphs - Mason’s gain formula

UNIT – II:MATHEMATICAL MODELLING OF PHYSICAL SYSTEMS:

Mathematical modelling and transfer functions of electrical, mechanical and electro-mechanical

elements. - DC servo motors- two-phase a.c. servo motors – synchros.

UNIT – III:TIME DOMAIN ANALYSIS:

Standard test signals, step response of first and second order systems – Time response
specifications – steady state error – static error and generalized error coefficients – response with
proportional, derivative and integral controllers

UNIT – IV:STABILITY OF CONTROL SYSTEMS:

concept – characteristic equation – location of roots in the s-plane for stability – Routh Hurwitz
criterion – Nyquist stability criterion – Gain margin and Phase margin – Root locus – rules for
the construction of root loci

UNIT – V:FREQUENCY DOMAIN ANALYSIS:

Introduction - Polar plots - Bode plots - M&N circles – Nicholas charts – Need for compensators
- Lag and lead compensators design in frequency domain

UNIT-VI:STATE SPACE ANALYSIS OF CONTINUOUS TIME SYSTEMS

Concepts of state, state variables and state model, derivation of

state models from block diagrams, Diagonalization Solving the Time invariant state Equations-
State Transition Matrix and it’ s Properties – Concepts of Controllability and Observability.
 Rajiv GandhiUniversityof KnowledgeTechnologies,NUZVID
Department of Electronics & Communications Engineering

TEXT BOOKS:

1. “Control system Engg” :I.J.Nagrath and M.Gopal, 5 th edition ,New Age International (P)
Limited Publishers ,2007
2. “Control system Engineering” by Norman S. Nise, 5 thedition ,Wiley India, 2000.

REFERENCES:

1. “Automatic Control systems”- by B.C.Kuo 8 th edition ,2003 John Wiley and Sons
2. “Modern Control Engineering”: by K.Ogata, 5 thedition , Prentice Hall of India
Pvt.Ltd.,2010.

VIDEO REFERENCE LINKS:

Title Expert Details of Web link

Name Expert
Control Prof. IIT Delhi http://nptel.ac.in/courses/108102043/
Engineering MadanGopal
Control Prof. S.D. IIT Bombay http://nptel.ac.in/courses/108101037/
Engineering Agashe ,

TEXT REFERENCE LINKS:

Title Expert Name Details of Web link

Expert
Control Prof. IIT Delhi http://nptel.ac.in/courses/108102044/
Engineering MadanGopal
Control Prof. S.D. IIT Bombay http://nptel.ac.in/courses/108101037/
Engineering Agashe ,
 Rajiv GandhiUniversityof KnowledgeTechnologies,NUZVID
Department of Electronics & Communications Engineering

I Year B.Tech ECE SEMESTER-III L T P C

Code: EC1302 Probability And Stochastic 3 1 0 4

Process

SYLLABUS:

UNIT I: Permutations and combinations. Algebra of sets, Venn diagrams, principle of inclusion
and exclusion. Random experiments, trail, sample space, events. Approaches to probability-
Classical, empirical, subjective and axiomatic. Theorems on probabilities of events. Conditional
probability, independence of events, law of total probability, Bayes theorem and its applications.

UNIT II: Definition of random variable, discrete and continuous random variables, independent
random variables. Distribution function and its properties, probability mass function, probability
density function and their properties. Expectation of a random variable and its properties.
Variance of a random variable and its properties. Discrete distributions: Bernoulli, Binomial,
Poisson, Negative Binomial, Geometric and hyper geometric. Continuous distributions: Uniform,
exponential and normal distribution. Definition of bivariate random variable, discrete and
continuous bivariate random variables, distribution function of a bivariate random variable, joint
probability mass function, joint probability density function, marginal probability mass function,
marginal probability density function, conditional probability mass function and conditional
probability density function. Covariance, correlation coefficient (Karl Pearson), Functions of
random variables.

UNIT III: PROBABILITY INEQUALITIES

Markov’s inequality, Chebyshev’s inequality and Cauchy-Schwartz’s inequality (with proofs).

Generating functions: Moment generating function (M.G.F) and its properties, characteristic
function (C.F) and its properties, cumulant generating function (C.G.F) and its properties,
probability generating function (P.G.F) and its properties.

UNIT IV: Order statistics, Sequence of Random Variables, Convergence of a Sequence of

Random Variables, Convergence Theorems: WLLN (weak law of large numbers), SLLN (strong
law of large numbers), central limit theorem

UNIT V: STOCHASTIC PROCESSES AND THEIR CHARACTERIZATION

Mean, Auto Correlation Function, Auto Covariance Function, Strictly Stationary, Wide Sense
Stationary and Ergodic Processes, Mean, Cross-Correlation and Cross-Covariance, Power
Spectral Density, Wiener-KhinchineTheorem,Linear Systems with Random Inputs, Random
walk and Telegraph signal processes.
 Rajiv GandhiUniversityof KnowledgeTechnologies,NUZVID
Department of Electronics & Communications Engineering

UNIT VI: GAUSSIAN RANDOM PROCESSES, POISSON PROCESS, MARKOV

CHAINS

TEXT BOOKS:

1. Probability, Random Variables and Stochastic Process by Papoulis and Pillai

2. A First course in Probability by Sheldon Ross
3. Probabilistic Methods of Signals and System Analysis by R.Cooper and D.Mcgillem
4. Probability, Random Variables and Random Signal Principles by Z. Peebles.
5. Stochastic Process by J.Medhi
 Rajiv GandhiUniversityof KnowledgeTechnologies,NUZVID
Department of Electronics & Communications Engineering

I Year B.Tech ECE SEMESTER-III L T P C

Code: EC1901 MATLAB and Simulink 0 0 2 2

SYLLABUS:

UNIT-I: MATLAB ENVIRONMENT: Introduction, Matlab environment, Matlab as a

calculator, Matlab Online, Syntax and Semantics, Help, Plotting.
MATRICES AND OPERATORS: Introduction, the Colon Operator, Accessing Parts of a
Matrix, Combining and Transforming Matrices, Arithmetic Part1, Arithmetic Part2, Operator
Precedence.
UNIT-II:FUNCTIONS: Introduction, Function I/O, Formal Definition of Functions, Sub
functions, Scope, Advantages of Functions, Scripts, and Problem Solving.

UNIT-III:PROGRAMMER’S TOOLBOX: Introduction, Matrix Building, Input - output,

Plotting, Debugging.
SELECTION: Selection, If – Statements, Relational and Logical Operators, Nested If –
Statements, Variable Number of Function Arguments, Robustness, Persistent Variables.

UNIT-IV:LOOPS: For – Loops, While – Loops, Break Statements, Logical Indexing,

Preallocation.
DATA TYPES: Introduction, Strings, Structs, Cells.

UNIT-V: FILE INPUT/ OUTPUT: File I/O, Excel Files, Text Files, Binary Files.
Applications of Matlab in Electronics, Communication, Signal Processing, Image Processing.

UNIT-VI:SIMULINK: Getting Started, Simulink Library Browser, Connections, Block

Specification, Toolboxes, Building Systems, Applications.

RESOURCES:
(1)Books: (i) Computer Programming with MATLAB by J. Michael Fitzpatrick and
AkosLedeczi (ii) Getting Started with MATLAB: A Quick Introduction for Scientists and
Engineers by RudraPratap
 Rajiv GandhiUniversityof KnowledgeTechnologies,NUZVID
Department of Electronics & Communications Engineering

II Year B.Tech ECE SEMESTER-I L T P C

Code: EC2102 Analog Communication 3 1 0 4

SYLLABUS:

UNIT I: INTRODUCTION:

Introduction to communication system, Need for modulation. Amplitude Modulation, Definition,

Time domain and frequency domain description, power relations in AM waves. Generation of
AM waves, square law Modulator, Switching modulator, Detection of AM Waves; Square law
detector, Envelope detector ;DSB Modulation :Double side band suppressed carrier modulators,
time domain and frequency domain description, Generation of DSBSC Waves, Balanced
Modulators, Ring Modulator, Coherent detection of DSB-SC Modulated waves, COSTAS Loop.
Radio Transmitters-Classification of Transmitters, AM transmitter block diagram and
explanation of each block.

UNIT II: SSB MODULATION:

Frequency domain description, Frequency discrimination method for generation of AM SSB

Modulated Wave, Time domain description, Phase discrimination method for generating AM
SSB Modulated waves. Demodulation of SSB .Waves, Vestigial side band modulation:
Frequency description, Generation of VSB Modulated wave, Time domain description, Envelope
detection of a VSB Wave pulse Carrier, Comparison of AM Techniques, Applications of
different AM Systems.

UNIT III: ANGLE MODULATION CONCEPTS:

Basic concepts, Frequency Modulation: Single tone frequency modulation, Spectrum Analysis of
Sinusoidal FM Wave, Narrow band FM, Wide band FM, Constant Average Power, Transmission
bandwidth of FM Wave -Comparison of FM & AM.ANGLE MODULATION METHODS:
Generation of FM Waves: Direct Method: Parametric Variation Method: Varactor Diode,
Reactance Modulator, indirect Method: Armstrong Method, Detection of FM Waves: Balanced
Frequency discriminator, Zero crossing detector. Phase locked loop, Foster Seeley Discriminator,
Ratio detector, FM transmitter block diagram and explanation of each block.
 Rajiv GandhiUniversityof KnowledgeTechnologies,NUZVID
Department of Electronics & Communications Engineering

UNIT IV: NOISE:

Noise in Analog communication System, Noise in DSB& SSB System, Noise in AM System,
Noise in Angle Modulation System, Threshold effect in Angle Modulation System, Pre-emphasis
&de-emphasis.RECEIVERS:Radio Receiver - Receiver Types - Tuned radio frequency receiver,
super heterodyne receiver, RF section and Characteristics - Frequency changing and tracking,
Intermediate frequency, AGC, FM Receiver. Comparison with AM Receiver, Amplitude
limiting.

UNIT V: PULSE MODULATION:

Types of Pulse modulation, PAM (Single polarity, double polarity) PWM: Generation &
demodulation of PWM, PPM, Generation and demodulation of PPM

TEXT BOOKS:
1. Principles of Communication Systems – H Taub& D. Schilling, GautamSahe. TMH, 2007 3rd
Edition
2. Principles of Communication Systems - Simon Haykin. John Wiley, 2r" Edition,.

REFERENCE BOOKS:
1. Electronics & Communication System - George Kennedy and Bernard Davis, 4th Edition
TMH 2009
2. Analog Communications- KN HariBhat& Ganesh Rao, Pearson Publications, 2nd Edition
2008.
3. Communication Systems Second Edition - R.P. Singh. SP Sapre, TMH, 2007
4. Communication Systems - B.P Lathi, BS Publication, 2006.

TEXT BOOKS REFERENCE LINKS:

1. https://www.pdf-archive.com/2015/09/19/modern-digital-and-analog-communication-
systems-by-b-p-lathi/
2. https://archive.org/details/SimonS.HaykinDigitalCommunicationSystemsWiley2013
 Rajiv GandhiUniversityof KnowledgeTechnologies,NUZVID
Department of Electronics & Communications Engineering

VIDEO REFERENCE LINKS:

Title Expert Details of Web link

Name Expert
Introduction to Prof. Department http://nptel.ac.in/courses/117102059/
Communication Surendra of ECE,IIT
Engineering Prasad Delhi
Introduction to Prof. Department http://www.nptelvideos.in/2012/11/communication-
Communication Surendra of ECE,IIT engineering.html
Prasad Delhi
Principle of Prof. Department https://ocw.mit.edu/courses/electrical-engineering-
Digital Robert of ECE and-computer-science/6-450-principles-of-digital-
Communication Gallager communications-i-fall-2006/video-lectures/

TEXT REFERENCE LINKS:

Title Expert Name Details of Web link

Expert
Web Series on IIT Madras http://nptel.ac.in/courses/117106090/
Principle of
Communication
 Rajiv GandhiUniversityof KnowledgeTechnologies,NUZVID
Department of Electronics & Communications Engineering

I Year B.Tech ECE SEMESTER-I L T P C

Code:EC2104 Linear Integrated Circuits 4 0 0 4

SYLLABUS:

UNIT-1: OPAMPS

Ideal op-amp parameters, non-ideal op-amp, opamp in negative feedback, bandwidth and
slew rate on circuit Performance.
Op-amp applications- summing amplifier, integrator, differentiator, Instrumentation
amplifier, V to I and I to V converter, comparator, precision Rectifier, log and antilog amplifier.
Active filters.

UNIT-2: WAVE SHAPING CIRCUITS

Multivibrators- Astable, Monostable and BistableMultivibrators, Schmitt trigger, square and
triangular waveform generator. 555 Timer- 555 timer circuit, implementing Monostable and
Astable MV using 555,Tuned amplifiers.

UNIT-3: POWER AMPLIFIER

Class A (transformer less and transformer coupled), class B, class AB and class C circuits
analysis and efficiency calculation, crossover distortion.

UNIT-4:CMOS CIRCUITS
CMOS inverter, NMOS and PMOS inverter, Pull up network and Pull down network (PUN and
PDN), Logic gates using CMOS, Static power and dynamic power.

UNIT-5 :ADC & DAC

DAC characteristics, DAC types- weighted resistor and R-2R network. ADC characteristics,
ADC types- dual slope, counter ramp, successive approximation and flash-ADC.

UNIT-6

TUNED AMPLIFIERS & PHASE LOCKED LOOP

Tuned Amplifiers,Basic PLL topology and principle, Major building blocks of PLL- analog and
digital phase detector, VCO, applications of PLL.
 Rajiv GandhiUniversityof KnowledgeTechnologies,NUZVID
Department of Electronics & Communications Engineering

TEXT BOOKS:
1.Sedra A. S. and K. C. Smith, Microelectronic Circuits, 5/e or 6/e, Oxford University
Press,2010

2.Boylestad R. L. and L. Nashelsky, Electronic Devices and Circuit Theory, 10/e or 11/e,
Pearson, 2009

REFERENCE BOOKS:
3.Millman J. and C. Halkias, Integrated Electronics, 2/e, TMH, 2010.

4. Neamen D., Electronic Circuit Analysis and Design, 3/e, TMH, 2006

5. Spencer R. R. and M. S. Ghausi, Introduction to Electronic Circuit Design, Pearson,

2003.

VIDEO REFERENCE:

Title ExpertName Affiliation Weblink

Electronics for http://nptel.ac.in/courses/117106

Analog Signal Prof.K. Radhakrishna IITMadras 088/
Processing – II Rao
 Rajiv GandhiUniversityof KnowledgeTechnologies,NUZVID
Department of Electronics & Communications Engineering

II Year B.Tech ECE SEMESTER-I L T P C

Code: EC2101 Electromagnetic Engineering 3 1 0 4

SYLLABUS:

UNIT - I: INTRODUCTION

Applications of Electromagnetic fields in Electronics and communication engineering,

VECTOR ANALYSIS: scalars and vector, vector addition and subtraction, Dot product and
Cross product, Projection of vectors, Orthogonal and orthonormal systems, components of
vector,

COORDINATE SYSTEMS: Cartesian coordinate system, cylindrical coordinate system,

spherical coordinate system, vector transformation between various coordinate systems,

VECTOR CALCULUS: Differential Length, Area, and Volume , Line, Surface, and Volume
Integrals, Scalar and vector fields, Flux and circulation, Del Operator, Gradient of a Scalar ,
Divergence of a Vector and Divergence Theorem , Curl of a Vector and Stokes's Theorem,
Laplacian of a Scalar, Classification of Vector Fields, Product rules and second derivatives of
‘Del’ operator

UNIT-II: ELECTROSTATICS

Coulomb's Law and Field Intensity, Electric Fields due to Continuous Charge Distributions ,
Gauss's Law , Applications of Gauss's Law

Electric Potential ,Gradient relationship between E and V, An Electric Dipole and Flux Lines,
Equi-potentials ,Energy Density in Electrostatic Fields,

Electric fields in Materials : Fields inside Perfect Conductors continuity equation and relation
time, method of images, Polarization in Dielectrics, Dielectric Constant , Linear, Isotropic, and
Homogeneous Dielectrics ,Dielectric strength ,capacitance, Dielectric break down , Corona
discharge.

Electric currents, Current density, Resistance, Ohm’s law, Joules law, Poisson’s and Laplace
equations. Poisson’s and Laplace equation uniqueness theorem
 Rajiv GandhiUniversityof KnowledgeTechnologies,NUZVID
Department of Electronics & Communications Engineering

UNIT-III: MAGNETOSTATICS

Steady currents , Forces due to Magnetic Fields ,Torque on a current loop ,Biot-Savart's Law ,
Ampere's Law , Applications of Ampere's Law ,Magnetic Vector Potentials , Magnetic dipole

Magnetic fields in matter, Magnetization, Permeability , Magnetic Field Intensity , Para , Dia
,Ferro-Magnetic material properties, Magnetic Energy

UNIT-IV: TIME VARYING ELECTROMAGNETIC FIELDS

Faradays Law, Lenz law, EMF, Displacement current, Maxwell's equations in free space and in
materials , equation of continuity, boundary conditions.

UNIT-V: WAVE PROPAGATION

Wave solution to Maxwell equations , Uniform plane wave solution , propagation constant
,Propagation of uniform plane waves in perfect dielectric and in lossy medium(conductor, lossy
dielectric),

Wave polarization , Power and Poynting vector, reflection, refraction,Reflection of a Plane Wave
at Normal Incidence, Reflection of a Plane Wave at Oblique Incidence ,effects of wave
polarization in reflection and refractions, total internal reflection: standing wave, evanescent
wave, phase and group velocities.

Radiation concepts, Basic antenna principles, Near field and far field regions, gain, directivity,
Effective area radiation pattern , Frii’s Equation.

UNIT-VI: TRANSMISSION LINES

Types of transmission lines, Transmission Line Equations, distributed parameters, characteristic

impedance, reflection coefficient, Transmission coefficient, SWR, Power Evaluation, losses and
attenuation constant, dispersion and dispersion less transmission. Properties of λ/2 and λ/4 lines.

TEXT BOOKS:

1. Matthew N.O. Sadiku ,"Elements of Electromagnetics", Oxford University Press , 6th edition,
2014

2. William H. Hayt Jr. and John A. Buck , “Engineering Electromagnetics” , 7th edition, 2006,
TMH
 Rajiv GandhiUniversityof KnowledgeTechnologies,NUZVID
Department of Electronics & Communications Engineering

REFERENCE BOOKS:

1.E.C.Jordan and K.G.Balmain , “Electromagnetic Waves and Radiating Systems”, PHI, 2nd
Edition, 2000

2. John Kraus and Daniel fleisch , “Electromagnetics with applications “ , McGraw-hill

international edition ,5th edition , 1999

3.JosephA.Edminister , “Theory and Problems of Electromagnetics “ ,Tata McGraw-Hill edition

,2nd edition.

4.David J Griffiths , “ Introduction to electrodynamics” ,Pearson prentice hall , 3rd edition ,1999.

5.Umesh Sinha, SatyaPrakashan,"Transmission Lines and Networks", (Tech. India Publications),

New Delhi, 2001.

6.G.S.N.Raju ,”Electromagnetic Field Theory and Transmission Lines”,PearsonEdn

Pte.Ltd.,2005

7.NannapaneniNarayanaRao , “Elements of Engineering Electromagnetics” ,Illinois ECE series,

6th edition,2006

VIDEO REFERENCE LINKS:

Title Expert Name Details of Web link

Expert
Lecture series on Prof. R.K. IIT Bombay http://nptel.ac.in/courses/117101056/
Transmission Shevgaonkar
Lines and EM
Waves
Lecture series on Prof. Harishankar IIT Madras http://nptel.ac.in/courses/108106073/
Electromagnetic Ramachandran
fields
Nptel Video Prof.Pradeepkumar.K Department http://nptel.ac.in/courses/108104087/
Lecture series on of Electrical
“ Elecromagnetic Engineering
theory”
 Rajiv GandhiUniversityof KnowledgeTechnologies,NUZVID
Department of Electronics & Communications Engineering

TEXT REFERENCE LINKS:

Title Expert Name Details of Web link

Expert
Web series on Prof. R.K. IIT Bombay http://nptel.ac.in/courses/117101057/
Transmission Shevgaonkar
Lines and EM
Waves
Web series on Dr. IIT Guwahati http://nptel.ac.in/courses/117103065/
Electromagnetic RatnajitBhattach
theory arjee
 Rajiv GandhiUniversityof KnowledgeTechnologies,NUZVID
Department of Electronics & Communications Engineering

II Year B.Tech ECE SEMESTER-1 L T P C

Code: EC2103 VLSI 3 1 0 4

UNIT –I:INTRODUCTION
Overview of VLSI Design flow, ASIC Design flow, FPGA Design flow, Introduction to State
Machines, Mealy machines, Moore machines, Finite state machines

UNIT-II: DIGITAL DESIGN USING VERILOG HDL

Datapath Design, Control Path Design, Digital Design using Verilog HDL – Gate level
modelling , Dataflow modelling and Behavioral modelling , Verilog Test Bench

UNIT –III: FABRICATION

Fabrication process flow: cleaning, oxidation, patterning, Mask Alignment, Lithography-types,
etching-types, annealing, different photo-resists

UNIT IV: CHARACTERIZATION

Mechanical, Optical and Electrical, Interface electronics, wafer bonding, Metallization

UNIT -V: MOS AND BICMOS CIRCUIT DESIGN PROCESSES

MOS Layers, Stick Diagrams, Design Rules and Layout, General Observations on the Design
rules, Layout diagrams

UNIT -VI: MOS INVERTER CIRCUITS

Voltage transfer characteristics of inverter, Noise margin definitions, Resistive-Load Inverter
Design, MOS Transistors as Load Devices, CMOS Inverters, Pseudo-NMOS Inverters

TEXT BOOKS:
1.Fundamentals of Digital Design using Verilog by ZvokoVranesic
2.Verilog HDL - A Guide to Digital Design and Synthesis- by Samir Palnitkar ,SunSoft
Press, 1996.
3. Basic VLSI Design by Douglas A.Pucknell and Kamran Eshraghian
4.Microsystem Design by Stephen D. Senturia, Kluwer Academic Publishers

REFERENCES :

1.Fundamentals of Microfabrication by Marc Madou, CRC Press

2.Digital Systems Design with FPGAs and CPLDs by-Ian Grout-Elsevier-2008
 Rajiv GandhiUniversityof KnowledgeTechnologies,NUZVID
Department of Electronics & Communications Engineering

VIDEO REFERENCES:

Title Expert Name Affiliation Weblink

Lecture series on Prof. S. Shankar IIT Madras http://nptel.ac.in/courses/117106114/

Digital circuits & Balachandran
Systems

MEMS and Micro Prof. Santi Ram Kal IIT Kharagpur http://nptel.ac.in/courses/117105082/
systems

TEXT REFERENCE LINKS:

Title Expert Name Affiliation Weblink

1)CAD for Prof.ShankarBalachandran, IIT Madras http://nptel.ac.in/courses/106106088

VLSI-I Prof. V. Kamakoti

Title Expert Name Affiliation Weblink

WELCOME TO MD of SmartDV http://www.asic-world.com

WORLD OF Deepak Kumar Technologies India
ASIC Tala Private Ltd
 Rajiv GandhiUniversityof KnowledgeTechnologies,NUZVID
Department of Electronics & Communications Engineering

IInd Year B.Tech ECE SEMESTER-I L T P C

Code:EC2701 Analog Communication Lab 0 0 2 2

LIST OF EXPERIMENTS

1:Introduction to Lab Components(Oscilloscope,FunctionGenerator,DigitalMultimeter,

Breadboard etc..)

2:Designing of Butterworth filter

3:Amplitude Modulation and Demodulation

4:DSBSC Modulation and Demodulation

5:SSBSC Modulation and Demodulation

6:Frequency Modulation and Demodulation

 Rajiv GandhiUniversityof KnowledgeTechnologies,NUZVID
Department of Electronics & Communications Engineering

II Year B.Tech ECE SEMESTER-1 L T P C

Code: EC2703 AEC-2 LAB 1 0 2 2

List of Experiments

1. Frequency response of inverting & non-inverting amplifier

2. Noise suppression using Bistablemultivibrator
3. Monostable&Astablemultivibrator using opamp& IC 555 timer
4. Class-B Power amplifier design & analysis
5. Single tuned amplifier design
6. Two – bit flash ADC design
7. Design of a typical CMOS inverter(sizing) using Mentor Graphics Tool and finding
transfer characteristics & finding the propagation delay
8. Design of a two input CMOS NAND & NOR gates (sizing) using Mentor Graphics Tool
9. Design of a fully differential single stage opamp using resistive loads using Mentor
Graphics Tool
10. Design of a single stage opamp using diode connected load using Mentor Graphics Tool
 Rajiv GandhiUniversityof KnowledgeTechnologies,NUZVID
Department of Electronics & Communications Engineering

II Year B.Tech ECE SEMESTER-1 L T P C

Code: EC2702 VLSI LAB 1 0 2 2

LIST OF EXPERIMENTS:

1. Familiarization with VLSI Design flow and VLSI CAD tools

2. Familiarization with Xilinx ISE Design Software and implementation of Digital designs
using Xilinx Schematics
3. Implementation of combinational and sequential circuits using Gate-level modelling of
Verilog HDL
4. Implementation of combinational and sequential circuits using data flow modelling of
Verilog HDL
5. Implementation of combinational and sequential circuits using behavioural modelling of
Verilog HDL
6. Implementation of Finite State Machines using Verilog HDL
7. Realization of digital designs using FPGA
8. Familiarization with Mentor Graphics tool : Physical design
9. Implementation on Mentor Graphics tool : including layout
10. ASIC level implementation using Mentor Graphics tool

REQUIREMENTS:
1. Xilinx ISE Software with Modelsim simulation tool
2. FPGA boards
3. Mentor Graphics tool: HEP-1 and HEP-2 packages
 Rajiv GandhiUniversityof KnowledgeTechnologies,NUZVID
Department of Electronics & Communications Engineering

II Year B.Tech ECE SEMESTER-II L T P C

Code:EC2203 Digital Communications 3 1 0 4

SYLLABUS:

UNIT -I: ELEMENTS OF DIGITAL COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS

Elements of Digital Communication Systems: Model of Digital Communication Systems, Digital
Representation of Analog Signal, Certain issues in Digital Transmission, Advantages of Digital
Communication Systems, Bandwidth-S/N tradeoff, Hartley Shannon Law, Sampling Theorem

UNIT -II: PULSE CODE MODULATION

Pulse Code Modulation: PCM Generation and Reconstruction, Quantization noise, Non uniform
Quantization and Companding, DPCM, Adaptive DPCM, DM and Adaptive DM. Noise in PCM
and DM.

UNIT -III: DIGITAL MODULATION TECHNIQUES

Digital Modulation Techniques: Introduction, ASK,ASK Modulator, Coherent ASK Detector,
Non-Coherent ASK Detector, FSK, Bandwidth and Frequency Spectrum of FSK. Non coherent
FSK Detector, Coherent FSK Detector, FSK Detection Using PLL, BPSK, Coherent PSK
Detection, QPSK, Differential PSK.

UNIT -IV: BASEBAND TRANSMISSION AND OPTIMAL RECEPTION OF DIGITAL

SIGNAL
Baseband transmission and Optimal Reception of Digital Signal: Pulse shaping for optimum
transmissions. A Baseband Signal Receiver, Probability of Error. Optimum Receiver, optima! of
Coherent Reception. Signal Space Representation and Probability of Error, eye diagrams, Cross
talk.

UNIT -V: INFORMATION THEORY

Information Theory: Information and entropy, conditional entropy and redundancy, Shannon
Fano coding, Mutual Information, Information loss due to noise, source codings - Huffman
Code, variable length coding, Source coding to Increase average Information per bit. Lossy
source coding.
 Rajiv GandhiUniversityof KnowledgeTechnologies,NUZVID
Department of Electronics & Communications Engineering

UNIT -VI:
LINEAR BLOCK CODES:Matrix description of Linear Block Codes, Error detection and error
Correction capabilities of linear block codes.
CYCLIC CODES:Algebraic structure, encoding, syndrome calculation.
Decoding

BOOKS:
1. Simon Haykin, Digital Communications, Wiley India Edition, 2008
2. Proakis, Digital Communications, Fourth Edition, McGrawHill, 2000

VIDEO REFERENCE LINKS:

Title Expert Details of Web link

Name Expert

Nptel Video Lecture Prof. IIT Delhi http://www.nptel.ac.in/courses/108102096/

series on “Digital Surendra
communications” Prasad

TEXT REFERENCE LINKS:

Title Expert Details of Web link

Name Expert

Nptel Web series on Prof. IIT http://www.nptel.ac.in/courses/117105077/

“Digital SaswatChak Kharagpur
Communications” rabarti&
Prof. R.V.
Rajakumar
 Rajiv GandhiUniversityof KnowledgeTechnologies,NUZVID
Department of Electronics & Communications Engineering

II Year B.Tech ECE SEMESTER-II L T P C

Code:EC2201 Digital Signal Processing 3 1 0 4

SYLLABUS:
UNIT-I:INTRODUCTION
characterization and classification of signals, typical signal processing operations, basic elements
of digital signal processing (dsp), advantages of dsp over analog signal processing, the concept
of frequency in continuous-time and discrete-time signals, digital signal processingversus
discrete signal processing.
SAMPLING AND RECONSTRUCTION OF CONTINUOUS TIME SIGNALS:Periodic
sampling, Sampling theorem, Pre- filtering to avoid aliasing, Frequency domain representation of
sampling, Reconstruction of a band limited signal from its samples, Sampling of band pass
signals, Discrete- time processing of Continuous time signals.

UNIT-II: DISCRETE TIME SIGNALS

Time domain representation of discrete time signals, some basic Sequences, Basic Operations on
sequences including Sampling rate alteration, Classification of sequences
DISCRETE TIME SYSTEMS (DTS):
Discrete time system examples, Classification ofDiscrete-time systems, Time domain
characterization of LTI DTS: Convolution sum, Impulse & Step Responses, Simple
Interconnection schemes, Linear Constant Coefficient Difference Equations (of Finite-
dimensional LTI DTS), Classification of LTI DTS: FIR & IIR, Recursive, & Non-recursive.

UNIT-III:DISCRETE TIME FOURIER TRANSFORM (DTFT):

Representation of sequences by DTFT, Symmetry properties of the DTFT, DTFT theorems,
Frequency domain characterizations of LTI Discrete time systems
DISCRETEFOURIERTRANSFORM (DFT):
The Fourier transform of periodic signals, Sampling the Fourier transform, The DFT and its
properties, Circular and linear convolution using the DFT.
 Rajiv GandhiUniversityof KnowledgeTechnologies,NUZVID
Department of Electronics & Communications Engineering

UNIT -IV:FAST FOURIER TRANSFORM (FFT):

Efficient computation of the DFT, Goertzel algorithm, Decimation in-Time FFT algorithm,
Decimation-in-Frequency FFT algorithm
Z-TRANSFORMS:
Rational Z-Transforms, Region of convergence of the ZT, and its properties, the inverse Z-
Transform, The Transfer Function and Frequency response from Transfer function

UNIT -V:IIR DIGITAL FILTERS:

Analog filter approximations: Butterworth and Chebyshev Filters, Design of Digital IIR filters
from Analog filters: Impulse Invariant Transformation & Bilinear Transformation, Analog and
Digital frequency transformations
FIRDIGITALFILTERS:
Characteristics and frequency response of FIR Digital Filters, Design of FIR Digital Filters:
Windowing method, Frequency sampling method.

UNIT -VI:DIGITALFILTERSTRUCTURES
Block diagram representation: basic building blocks, analysis of block diagrams, Basic FIR
digital filter structures: Direct Form structures, Cascade form structures, polyphaserealization,
Basic IIR digital filter structures: Direct Form structures, Cascade Realizations, Parallel
Realizations, FIR & IIR Cascaded lattice structures

TEXT BOOKS:
1. Sanjit K Mitra, “Digital signal processing: A computer base approach”, 4thedition, Tata
McGraw Hill, 2013
2. John G. Proakis, DimitrisG.Manolakis, “Digital Signal Processing, Principles, Algorithms,
and Applications”, 4th edition, Pearson Education / PHI, 2007
3. A.V.Oppenheim and R.W. Schaffer,“Discrete Time Signal Processing”, 3rd edition,Pearson
Education/PHI,2014.
 Rajiv GandhiUniversityof KnowledgeTechnologies,NUZVID
Department of Electronics & Communications Engineering

REFERENCE BOOKS:

1. B.P.Lahti, Roger Green, “Essentials of Digital Signal Processing”, Cambridge University

Press, 2014
2. Andreas Antoniou, “Digital Signal Processing”, TATA McGraw Hill, 2006
3. A.Anand Kumar, “Digital Signal Processing”, 2nd edition, Pearson Education / PHI, 2015
4. Ashok Ambardar, “Digital Signal Processing: A Modern Introduction”, 1st edition, Cengage
Learning, 2007.

VIDEO REFERENCE LINKS:

S.No Title Expert Name Details Of Expert Web Link

1 Digital Prof. Alan V. Massachusetts https://ocw.mit.edu/resources/res-6-
Signal Oppenheim Institute of 008-digital-signal-processing-spring-
Processing Technology (MIT) 2011/index.htm

2 Digital Prof. S C Dutta IIT Delhi http://nptel.ac.in/courses/117102060/

Signal Roy
Processing
3 Digital Prof. T K Basu IIT Kharagpur http://nptel.ac.in/courses/108105055/
Signal
Processing

Text Reference links:

S.No Title Expert Details of Web link

Name Expert
1 Digital Signal Prof. Govind IIT kanpur http://nptel.ac.in/courses/117104070/
Processing Sharma
 Rajiv GandhiUniversityof KnowledgeTechnologies,NUZVID
Department of Electronics & Communications Engineering

II Year B.Tech ECE SEMESTER-II L T P C

Microprocessor And
Code: EC2202 Microcontrollers 3 1 0 4

SYLLABUS:

UNIT -I: Architecture and Instruction Set of 8085

Introduction to Microprocessors and Microcontrollers, Architecture and Organization of 8085.
Instruction of 8085 and Addressing modes, Data transfer Instructions, Arithmetic and logical
Instructions, Control transfer Instructions, Stack operations, Machine Control Instruction 8085
assembly directives and timing diagrams.

UNIT -II: Assembly language and Memory Interfacing in 8085

8085 Interrupts (Software and Hardware Interrupts) and , Assembly language programming,
Types of memory, Static and Dynamic RAM , Types of ROM, Memory interfacing and Input
and Output Interfacing. Programmable Peripheral Interfacing (8255) and its modes.

UNIT -III:Peripheral devices and interfacing with 8085

Data Transfer Techniques, Input and output Ports, Interfacing of Switches, Interfacing of LED
Displays, Programmable Interrupt and DMA Controllers, Serial Mode Data Transfer,
Programmable Timer/counter, D/A and A/D converter interfacing.

UNIT -IV: Introduction to Microcontrollers

Overview of Intel 8051 microcontroller, architecture, memory organization, flags, stack, and
special function registers, I/O, ports - connecting external memory, counters and timers, serial
data I/O, Interrupts.

UNIT -V: Instruction set and Addressing modes of 8051

Addressing modes of 8051, Microcontroller instructions - moving data, logical operations,
arithmetic operations, jump and call instructions –subroutines - Interrupts and returns. Assembly
Language Programming. Assembly Language Programming.

UNIT-VI: Applications of 8051

Signal Conditioning Circuits, Transducers, Optocouplers, Relays and DACs, ADCs and Data
Acquisition Subsystems, Development Aids and Trouble Shooting Techinques of
Microcontrollers, Micro Controller Applications- Examples, Real Time Operating Systems for
Embedded Applications.
 Rajiv GandhiUniversityof KnowledgeTechnologies,NUZVID
Department of Electronics & Communications Engineering

Text Books:
1. Douglas V. Hall, “Microprocessors and Interfacing”, Mc-Graw Hill, 2nd Edition.
2. 8085 Microprocessor – Ramesh Gaonkar
3. Muhammad Ali Mazidi, Janice GillispieMazidi, Rolin D. McKinlay, “The 8051
Microcontroller and Embedded systems”, PEARSON, 2nd Edition, 2006.
4. Rajkamal, “Microcontrollers – Architecture, Programming, Interfacing and system design”,
Pearson Education India, 2011.

Reference Books:
1. Microprocessors & Controllers, N.Senthil Kumar, Oxford University press 2010.
2. Advanced microprocessor and Peripherals - A.K.Ray and K.M.Bhurchandi, Tata Mc Hill,
2000.

Video Reference links:

Title Expert Details of Expert Web link
Name

.MICROPROCESS http://freevideolectures.com/Course/
ORS AND Prof. Ajit Pal IIT Kharagpur 3018/Microprocessors-and-
MICROCONTROL Microcontrollers
LERS
 Rajiv GandhiUniversityof KnowledgeTechnologies,NUZVID
Department of Electronics & Communications Engineering

II Year B.Tech ECE SEMESTER-II L T P C

Code: EC2204 RF & Microwave Engineering 3 1 0 4

SYLLABUS:

UNIT - I: INTRODUCTION
Introduction to RF and microwave engineering, Frequency band designation, Microwave
frequency bands, Distinguishing features of high frequency electromagnetic: phase variation,
coupling, radiation, transit time effect.

RF passive components:Resistors, capacitors, Inductors at high frequencies, Surface mount

devices : High frequency chip resistor, capacitor and inductor

UNIT-II: WAVEGUIDES AND TRANSMISSION LINES

Transmission lines: Transmission Line Equations, characteristic impedance, line
impedance,reflection coefficient, SWR, Power Evaluation, losses and attenuation constant.

Smith chart, Admittance chart, Matching condition and maximum power transfer condition,
Matching networks with lumped elements,single stub matching, quarter wave transform, theory
of small reflections, binomial and chebyshevmultisection matching transformer ,tapered lines
.bode-fano criterion.

General solution of TEM,TE,TM waves, parallel plate waveguide , rectangular waveguide,

circular waveguide, coaxial line, power handling capacity , strip line, micro strip, wave velocity
and dispersion, RF connectors.

UNIT-III: MICROWAVE NETWORK ANALYSIS

Impedance and equivalent voltages and currents, Circuit representations: Z-matrix, Y-matrix,
ABCD matrix, S-matrix, advantages of S-matrix representation, properties of S-matrix.
UNIT-IV: MICROWAVE COMPONENTS
POWER DIVIDER AND COUPLERS:three port and four port power dividers-junction power
divider, Wilkinson power divider, directional couplers, power divider/ combiners, quadrature
hybrid, 180 degreehybrid, waveguide magic tee.

MICROWAVE NON RECIPROCAL DEVICES:Basic properties of ferromagnetic materials, plane

wave propagation in ferrite medium, faraday’s rotation, isolator and circulator
 Rajiv GandhiUniversityof KnowledgeTechnologies,NUZVID
Department of Electronics & Communications Engineering

MICROWAVE RESONATORS:Series and parallel resonant circuit, loaded and unloaded Q,

Transmission line resonators, waveguide resonator

MICROWAVE FILTERS:Periodic structures, Filter design by insertion loss method,Filter

transformations, Richard Transformation, kuroda’s Identities

UNIT-V: MICROWAVE TUBES

Limitations of conventional tubes at microwave frequencies, types and classification of
microwave tubes.

MICROWAVE TUBES :Working and principle of Klystron , Reflex klystron, Magnetron,

Travelling Wave tubes .

UNIT-VI: MICROWAVE SOLID STATE DEVICES

SOLID STATE SOURCES: Transferred Electron Device’s,Ridely-Watkins-Hilsun (RWH) Theory,
Avalanche Transit Time devices, GaAsgunndiode,InP diode ,IMPATT,TRAPATT,BARITT
diode, parametric amplifiers
RF DIODE:PINdiode,Schottky diode and detector

TEXT BOOKS:
1. David M Pozar , “Microwave Engineering”, John Wiley, 3rd Edition, 2005
2. Samuel Y. Liao , “Microwave Devices and Circuits” ,PHI, 3rd Edition,1994

REFERENCE BOOKS:
1. R.E. Collin, “Foundations for Microwave Engineering”, IEEE Press, John Wiley, 2nd Edition,
2002.
2. Reinhold Ludwig, Gene Bogdanov ,” RF Circuit Design theory and applications “ PHI
3. Clayton R Paul, “Introduction to Electromagnetic Compatibility “Wiley, 2nd edition, 2006.
4. HerbertJ. Reich, J.G.Skalnik, P.F. OrdungandH.L. Krauss “Microwave
Principles”,CBSPublishersandDistributors, New Delhi, 2004
5. M.kulkarni,”Microwave and Radar engineering”, Umesh publications,3rd edition, 2003.
6. Radio Frequency and Microwave electronics by Radmanesh
 Rajiv GandhiUniversityof KnowledgeTechnologies,NUZVID
Department of Electronics & Communications Engineering

VIDEO REFERENCE LINKS:

Title Expert Name Details of Expert Web link

Lecture series on Dr. Amitabha IIT Kharagpur http://nptel.ac.in/courses/11710512

Basic Tools of Bhattacharya 2/
Microwave
Engineering
Lecture series on Dr. Amitabha IIT Kharagpur http://nptel.ac.in/courses/11710513
:Basic Building Bhattacharya 0/
Blocks of
Microwave
Engineering
Lecture series on Prof. Jayanta IIT Bombay http://nptel.ac.in/courses/11710111
Microwave Mukherjee 9/
Integrated Circuits
Lecture series on Prof. Sharma RGUKT Visited RGUKT content
Microwave
engineering
 Rajiv GandhiUniversityof KnowledgeTechnologies,NUZVID
Department of Electronics & Communications Engineering

II Year B.Tech ECE SEMESTER II L T P C

Code:EC2802 Digital Communications Lab 0 0 3 2

LIST OF EXPERIMENTS:

1. Sampling theorem verification

2. Pulse Width Modulation (PWM)
3. Pulse Position Modulation (PPM)
4. Delta Modulation
5. Pulse Code Modulation (PCM)
6. Amplitude Shift Keying (ASK)
7. Frequency Shift Keying (FSK)
8. Phase Shift Keying (PSK)
 Rajiv GandhiUniversityof KnowledgeTechnologies,NUZVID
Department of Electronics & Communications Engineering

II Year B.TechECE SEMESTER-II L T P C

Code:EC2803 Digital Signal Processing 0 0 3 2

Lab

LIST OF EXPERIMENTS:

PART A: EXPERIMENTS USING MATLAB

1. Verification of sampling theorem and study of effect of aliasing
2. Generation of various Continuous-time and discrete-time signals
3. Study of various basic operations on discrete time signals (both on dependent &
independent variables)
4. To perform up sampling and down sampling of the given sequence
5. To do the linear convolution and the circular convolution of two given sequences
6. Computation of N-point DFT of a given sequence and to plot magnitude and phase
spectrum.
7. To find the impulse response and frequency response of first and second order systems
8. Design and implementation of IIR filters to meet the given specifications.
9. Design and Implementation of FIR filter to meet the given specifications using windowing
technique

PART B: EXPERIMENTS USING DSP PROCESSOR

1. To perform the linear convolution and circular convolution of the two given discrete
sequences
2. To implement the FIR filters that meet the given specifications
3. To implement the IIR filters that meet the given specifications
4. To analyse the real time audio signal and extract various features
5. To analyse an image and extract various features
 Rajiv GandhiUniversityof KnowledgeTechnologies,NUZVID
Department of Electronics & Communications Engineering

Reference books:
1. Sanjit K Mitra, “Digital signal processing: A computer base approach”, 4th edition, Tata
McGraw Hill, 2013
2. Vinay K Ingle, John G proakis, “Digital Signal Processing Using MATLAB®: A Problem
Solving Companion”, 4th edition, Cengage Learning, 2016.
3. Code composer studio tutorial available at www.ti.com/lit/ug/spru301c/spru301c.pdf
4. RulphChassaing, “Digital Signal Processing and Applications with the C6713 and C6416
DSK”, John Wiely& Sons Publications, 2005
 Rajiv GandhiUniversityof KnowledgeTechnologies,NUZVID
Department of Electronics & Communications Engineering

II Year B.Tech EC SEMESTER-II L T P C

MICROPROCESSOR AND
Code:EC2801 MICROCONTROLLERS 0 0 2 2
LAB

List of Experiments:

8085 Programming:
1.Arithmetic operations
a) Addition
b) Subtraction
c) Multiplication
d) Division
2.
e) String manipulation – Search a word
f) String Manipulation – Find and replace a Word
g) String Manipulation – Copy a string
h) String Manipulation – Sorting

Interfacing with 8085:

3. Interface 7 segment displays with 8085 using 8255.
4. Interface 8279 Keyboard/Display IC with 8085.
5. Generate square wave and saw tooth waveforms by using 8085.
6. Interface ADC and DAC to 8085.
7. Interfacing and programming of stepper motor and DCMotor speed control using 8085.

8051 programming:
8. Basic programs
a) Code conversions
b) 16 bit addition and subtraction
c) 8 bit multiplication
 Rajiv GandhiUniversityof KnowledgeTechnologies,NUZVID
Department of Electronics & Communications Engineering

Interfacing with 8051:

9. Interface 7- segment display card with 8051 using 8255
10. Interfacing 8279 Keyboard/Display IC with 8051
11. Interface ADC and DAC with 8051.
12. Serial Communication using Serial Peripheral Interface (SPI) with 8051.
13. Generate square wave and saw tooth waveforms by using 8051.
14. Interfacing and programming of stepper motor and DCMotor speed control using 8051
15. Traffic light controller interface with 8051 (Application)
16. Temperature Sensor Interfacing with 8051
 Rajiv GandhiUniversityof KnowledgeTechnologies,NUZVID
Department of Electronics & Communications Engineering

II Year B.Tech ECE SEMESTER-III L T P C

Code: CS2301 Object Oriented Programming 3 1 0 4

UNIT I: JAVA EVOLUTION, AND OVERVIEW OF JAVA LANGUAGE

Java History –Features of java, how java differ from C and C++, Java and World Wide Web,
Web Browser, Java Environment-Java Development kit (JDK), Application Programming
Interface (API), Java Programming Structure, Java Tokens, Constants, Variables, Expressions,
Decision Making Statements and Looping, Java Statements, Overview of arrays and strings,
Machine Neutral, Java Virtual Machine (JVM), Command Line Arguments
ARRAYS AND STRINGS:Arrays, One-Dimensional arrays, creating an array, declaration of
arrays, initialization of arrays, Two-Dimensional arrays, String arrays, String methods, String
Buffer class, Vectors, Wrapper classes

UNIT II:CLASSES, OBJECTS AND METHODS

Introduction, defining a class, creating objects, accessing class members, constructors, methods
overloading, static members
INHERITANCE:Defining a sub class, sub class constructor, multilevel variables, Final classes,
and Finalize methods, Abstract methods and classes, visibility control.
MANAGING ERRORS AND EXCEPTIONS: Introduction, Types of errors-Compile time and
Run time errors, Exceptions, Types of Exceptions, Syntax of Exception handling code, Multiple
catch statements, Using finally statement, Throwing our own exceptions.

UNIT III: INTERFACES AND MULTITHREADED PROGRAMMING

Introduction, Defining interfaces, extending interfaces, implementing interfaces. Introduction to
threads,Creating Threads, Extending the Thread Class, Implementing the runnable interface, life
cycle of a thread, priority of a thread, synchronization, Dead Lock

UNIT IV: APPLET PROGRAMMING

Introduction, how applet differ from applications, building applet code, applet life cycle, About
HTML, designing a web page, passing parameters to applets, Getting input from the User.

UNIT V: GRAPHICS PROGRAMMING

Introduction, the abstract window toolkit (AWT), frames, event-driven programming, layout
managers, panels, canvasses, drawing geometric figures.
CREATING USER INTERFACE: Introduction, Describe various user interface Components:
button, label, text field, text area, choice, list, check box check box group.

TEXT BOOK:
Programming with JAVA (2ndEdition) (1 to 5 Chapters) Balagurusamy TMH References:
1. An Introduction to JAVA Programming (Chapter 6) Y.DanielLiangTMH
2. The Complete Reference JAVA 2 Herbert Schield TMH
 Rajiv GandhiUniversityof KnowledgeTechnologies,NUZVID
Department of Electronics & Communications Engineering
II Year B.Tech ECE SEMESTER-III L T P C

Code: EC2901 Rf And Microwave Engineering Lab 0 0 3 2

LIST OF EXPERIMENTS

1. Familiarization with wave guide components and utilization of microwave components and
instruments.
2. Measurement of guided wavelength and determination of frequency.
3. Measurement of directional coupler parameters.
4. Measurement of S-parameters of waveguide T-junction
5. I-V characteristics of Gunn oscillator.
6. Reflex Klystron characteristics measurement
7. Impedance Measurement using Smith chart.
8. Measurement of radiation characteristics and gain of horn antenna.
9. Measurement of detector constant
10. Study of Network analyser
 Rajiv Gandhi University of Knowledge Technologies, NUZVID
Department of Electronics & Communications Engineering

III Year B.Tech Semester - I L T P C

Code : EC 3111 Computer Organization and 3 1 0 4
Architecture

SYLLABUS:
Unit – I :
Introduction to computer system and its submodules, Number System and Representation of
information, Arithmetic and Logical operation and hardware implementation, Software
implementation of some complex operation.
Unit – II :
Arithmetic and Logic Unit, Introduction to memory Unit, control unit and Instruction Set,
Working with an ALU, Concepts of Machine level programming, Assembly level
programming and High level programming, Various addressing modes and designing of an
Instruction set. Lecture-2: Concepts of subroutine and subroutine call, Use of stack for
handling subroutine call and return
Unit – III:
Introduction to CPU design, Instruction interpretation and execution, Micro-operation and
their RTL specification, Hardwired control CPU design, Microprogrammed control CPU
design, Concepts of semiconductor memory, CPU-memory interaction, organization of
memory modules, : Cache memory and related mapping and replacement policies, Virtual
memory
Unit – IV:
Introduction to input/output processing, working with video display unit and keyboard and
routine to control them, Programmed controlled I/O transfer, Interrupt controlled I/O transfer,
DMA controller, Secondary storage and type of storage devices, Introduction to buses and
connecting I/O devices to CPU and memory
Unit – V:
Introduction to RISC and CISC paradigm, Design issues of a RISC processor and example of
an existing RISC processor, Introduction to pipelining and pipeline hazards, design issues of
pipeline architecture , Instruction level parallelism and advanced issues, Introduction to
interconnection network and practical issues, Examples of interconnection networks
Unit – VI :
Multiprocessors and its characteristics, Memory organization for multiprocessors systems,
synchronization and models of memory consistency, Issues of deadlock and scheduling in
multiprocessor systems, Cache in multiprocessor systems and related problems, Cache
coherence protocols, Parallel processing concepts, Parallelism algorithm for multiprocessor
systems
 Rajiv Gandhi University of Knowledge Technologies, NUZVID
Department of Electronics & Communications Engineering

Textbooks:
1. Computer system Architecture by M . Morris Mano
2. Computer Architecture – An Embedded approach by Ian McLoughlin
Videos : Computer Architecture (Video)
Link: http://nptel.ac.in/courses/106102062/
Title Expert Name Details of Web link
Expert
Computer Prof Anshul IIT Delhi http://nptel.ac.in/courses/106102062/
Architecture Kumar
 Rajiv Gandhi University of Knowledge Technologies, NUZVID
Department of Electronics & Communications Engineering

II1 Year B.Tech ECE SEMESTER-I L T P C

Code: EC 3112 Digital Image Processing 3 1 0 4

SYLLABUS:

UNIT - I: Introduction to Digital image Processing and its Applications.

Introduction of image processing, Need of Image processing, Applications of image
processing in Various domains (Ex: medical, Astronomy, machinevision), Introduction to
Video Sequence processing, Image compression, Image representation, Steps in Digital
Image processing and Brief History

UNIT-II: Image Digitization

Need of digitization, Image as matrix of Numbers, Sampling, Signal Reconstruction from
Samples, Convolution, 2D sampling, Image Quantization, Quantization error, Quantizer
Design. Relationships between pixels.

UNIT-III: Basic Transformations and Image Interpolation

Translation, rotation, scaling, Camera Model and Image Geometry, Camera Calibration and
Stereo Imaging, Stereo Image modeling, Interpolation and Resampling, B-spline interpolation
Functions, Constant interpolation, Image Transformation, DCT Basis Images, Walsh
Transform, Hadamard Tarnsform.

UNIT-IV: Transformation , Image Enhancement and Image Restoration

Fourier Transformation, Discrete Cosine Transform, K- L Transform, Necessity of Image
Enhancement, Spatial Domain Operations, Frequency domain operations, Power law
transformation. Image Enhancement frequency. Image Restoration and Restoration
techniques.

UNIT-V: Colour Image Processing and Image Segmentation

Primary and Secondary Colours, Chromaticity diagram and its use, RGB colour model, HIS
colour model, Conversation from one model to another, Pseudo Color Image processing,
Colour and intensity modifications, Image Segmentation, Linking of edge points, Threshold
Technique, Region based Segmentation.

UNIT-VI: Mathematical Morphology and Object Representation and Description.

What is Morphology? Morphological Image processing Techniques: Dilation, Erosion,
Opening, Closing. Applications Hit or Miss Transform, Image under Standing Techniques,
Boundary based Descriptions, Region based Descriptions, Recognition techniques: Using
shape number, Feature based Techniques, Neural based Technique,
 Rajiv Gandhi University of Knowledge Technologies, NUZVID
Department of Electronics & Communications Engineering

Text Books:
1. “Digital Image Processing ” by Rafel C. Gonzalez and Richard E. woods

Video Reference links:

Title Expert Name Details of Expert Web link

Lecture series on Prof. P.K IIT Kharagpur http://nptel.ac.in/courses/11710507

Biswas 9
Digital image
processing
 Rajiv Gandhi University of Knowledge Technologies, NUZVID
Department of Electronics & Communications Engineering

III YEAR B.TECH SEMESTER-I L T P C

Code: EC 3113 Digital VLSI Design 3 1 0 4

SYLLABUS:
UNIT I:
Introduction to Digital VLSI Design: Evolution of VLSI Systems, Applications of VLSI
Systems , Review of Digital Design

Algorithmic State Machines: Components of ASM Chart, ASM for Binary Multiplier,
ASM for weighing machine , ASM for Bus Arbiter, Arithmetic Mean, Sort operation

UNIT II: Design of Memories

On-Chip dual address ROM Design and Verilog implementation, Single Address ROM
Design and Verilog implementation, On-Chip Dual RAM Design

UNIT III: Design of Arithmetic Circuits

Principle of pipelining, partitioning of a design, serial signed adder design, parallel signed
adder design , parallel and pipelined multiplier design and Verilog implementations

UNIT IV: Design of a Discrete Cosine Transform and Quantization Processor

DCTQ processor block diagram, Signal description of DCTQ processor , Architecture of
DCTQ processor, Verilog code for DCTQ Datapath and Control path, verification of DCTQ
processor
UNIT V: RT Level Design and Test
Sequential Multipler – shift and add multiplication process , sequential multiplier design ,
multiplier testing, Von Neumann Computer Model-processor model specification, designing
the adding CPU, design of datapath and control path, testing adding CPU, CPU Design and
Test- details of processor functionality, SAYEH Datapath and control path design and
realization.
UNIT VI: Hardware Implementations Using FPGA and I/O Boards
FPGA board features, features of Digital Input/output board, Traffic light controller design
and implementation on FPGA, Real Time clock design and implementation on FPGA,
Projects for implementation on FPGA.

TEXT BOOKS:
1. Digital VLSI Systems Design – S.Ramachandran , Springer Publications
2. Verilog Digital System Design – Zainalabedin Navabi
 Rajiv Gandhi University of Knowledge Technologies, NUZVID
Department of Electronics & Communications Engineering

Title Expert Name Details of Web link

Expert

VLSI Circuits Prof S Srinivasan IIT Madras http://nptel.ac.in/courses/117106092

 Rajiv Gandhi University of Knowledge Technologies, NUZVID
Department of Electronics & Communications Engineering

III YEAR BTECH SEMESTER-I L T P C

ECE
Code:3121 ANALOG IC DESIGN 3 1 0 4

SYLLABUS:

UNIT I: Negative feedback systems and stability

Negative feedback amplifier using an integrator; Frequency and time domain behavior; Loop
gain and its implications; Negative feedback amplifier realization; Finite DC gain; Increasing
DC gain; Effect of multiple poles; Negative feedback systems with multiple poles and zeros
in the forward path; Stability analysis using Nyquist criterion; Nyquist criterion; Loop gain-
Bode plot and time domain interpretation; Significance of 60 degree phase margin
UNIT II: Opamp at the block level: Frequency compensation
Concept of the opamp for realizing negative feedback circuits; Realizing a multi stage
opamp-frequency compensation-miller opamp; Realizing a multi stage opamp; feedforward
compensated opamp; Opamp as a general block; unity gain compensation; nonidealities-
swing limits, slew rate, offset; dc negative feedback around opamps
UNIT III: Opamp amplifiers
Amplifiers using Miller compensated opamp; Effect of input capacitance; gain bandwidth
product; Transimpedance amplifier; lead-lag compensation; Inverting and noninverting
amplifiers-CMRR and its importance
UNIT 1V: Noise in resistors, MOS transistors and matching
Noise models; Noise calculations; Noise scaling, IC components and their models; Mismatch;
Layout considerations. Body effect in basic amplifier stages; Frequency response of a
common source amplifier
UNIT V: Single ended opamp design
Realizing a single stage opamp-diff pair; small signal ac analysis; Single stage opamp-
mismatch and noise; Single stage opamp-telescopic cascode; Replica biasing a cascode;
Single stage opamp-folded cascode; Two stage miller compensated opamp; Three stage
opamp; CMRR of an opamp and opamp circuits.

UNIT VI: Fully differential opamp design

Fully differential opamps; Differential and common mode half circuits; common mode
feedback; Fully differential miller compensated opamp-common mode feedback loop and its
stability; Fully differential single stage opamp; Fully differential telescopic cascode opamp;
Fully differential feedforward compensated opamp
 Rajiv Gandhi University of Knowledge Technologies, NUZVID
Department of Electronics & Communications Engineering

TEXT BOOKS:
1. Behzad Razavi, Design of Analog CMOS Integrated Circuits, McGraw-Hill, August
2000.

RELATED LINKS:
1. http://www.ee.iitm.ac.in/~nagendra/teaching.html.

ADDITIONAL READINGS:
1. Analog Circuit Design: Art, Science and Personalities (EDN Series for Design
Engineers) (Paperback), Jim Williams, Newnes; Reprint edition, 1991.
2. Analog Integrated Circuit Design, David Johns and Ken Martin, John Wiley & Sons,
1997.
3. Mixed Analog Digital VLSI Devices and Technology (An introduction), Y. Tsividis,
World Scientific, New Jersey, 2002.
4. Analysis and design of Analog Integrated Circuits, Gray, Hurst, Lewis, and Meyer,
4th Edition, John Wiley and Sons.
5. Design of Analog Integrated Circuits and Systems, K. R. Laker and W.M.C. Sansen,
McGraw-Hill, January 1994.
 Rajiv Gandhi University of Knowledge Technologies, NUZVID
Department of Electronics & Communications Engineering

III Year B.Tech ECE SEMESTER-I L T P C

Code: EC 3122 ANTENNAS AND RADIO WAVE 3 1 0 4
PROPOGATION

SYLLABUS:
Unit I: Fundamental concepts of Antennas
Introduction, Role of an Antenna in communication, Historical Advancement, Types of
Antennas
Physical concept of Radiation, Radiation Pattern, Near and Far-field regions ,Radiation
Power density, Radiation intensity, Beam Width, Directivity, Antenna Efficiency, Gain of an
Antenna, Beam efficiency, Band width, Polarization, Input Impedance, Antenna Radiation
Efficiency, Maximum Directivity and Maximum Effective area, Friis Transmission Equation
and Radar Range Equation.
Background and brightness temperature, Antenna Noise temperature ,G/T ratio, system
temperature and signal to noise ratio
Radiation Integrals and Auxiliary Potential Functions.

Unit II: Linear Wire and Loop Antennas

Infinitesimal Dipole, Small Dipole, Finite Length Dipole, Half wave length Dipole, Linear
Elements Near or on Infinite Perfect Conductors, Small Circular loop and loop antenna.

Unit III: Array Antennas

Introduction to array, Two-Elemental Array, Array Factor, N-Element Linear Array: Uniform
Amplitude and Spacing, N-Element Linear Array: Directivity, Design Procedure, Broad Side
and End-Fire Array, Planar Array.

Unit IV: Broad Band Antennas and Horn Antennas

Concept of Broad Band, Log-Periodic Antennas, Frequency Independent Antennas,
E-plane Sectoral Horn, H-plane Sectoral Horn, Pyramidal Horn, and their properties.

Unit V: Microstrip and Reflector Antennas

Basic Characteristics of Microstrip Antenna, Different types Feeding methods, Design of
Rectangular Patch and Circular Patch Antennas.
Introduction to Reflector, Plane Reflector, Corner Reflector, Parabolic Reflector, Spherical
Reflector.
 Rajiv Gandhi University of Knowledge Technologies, NUZVID
Department of Electronics & Communications Engineering

Unit VI: Radio wave Propagation

Antenna located over flat earth, spherical earth coverage diagrams, field diffraction zones and
losses, surface wave propagation, ionospheric propagation, microwave and millimeter wave
propagation, scattering by rain, tropospheric scatter propagation, propagation into sea water,
atmosphere ducts and non-standard refractions
Text Books:
1. C.A Balanis, “Antenna Theory and Design”, 3rd Ed, John Wiley& Sons, 2015.
2. R.E.Collin, Antenna and Radiowave Propagation, McGraw-Hill, New York,1985.
3.John D.Kraus “Antennas” McGraw-Hill series ,2nd edition,1988
4. W L Stutzman, and G.A Thiele, “Antenna Theory and Design”, 2nd Ed.,John Wiley
&sons.,1998.
Reference Books:
1. R.S.Elliot, ” Antenna Theory and Design”, Revised edition,Wiley IEEE-Press.,2003.
2. E.Jordan and K.Balmain, ”Electromagnetic Waves and Radiating Systems”, Prentice-hall,
New York, 1968.
3.R Garg,” Design of Microstip Antenna”, McGraw-Hill, New York, 1991
Video Reference links:
Title Expert Name Details of Web link
Expert
Lecture series on Prof. R.K. IIT http://nptel.ac.in/courses/117101056/
Transmission Shevgaonkar Bombay
Lines and EM
Waves(antenna
related videos)

Text Reference links:

Title Expert Name Details of Web link
Expert
Web course Dr.Amalendu IIT Roorkee http://nptel.ac.in/courses/117107035/
on Advnced Patnaik
Antenna
Theory and
Design
 Rajiv Gandhi University of Knowledge Technologies, NUZVID
Department of Electronics & Communications Engineering

II1 Year B.Tech ECE SEMESTER-I L T P C

Code: EC 3123 Computer Networks 3 1 0 4

SYLLABUS:
UNIT-I: DATA COMMUNICATIONS
Introduction and course outline, simple data communication model, Data and Signal,
Transmission impairments and Channel Capacity, Transmission media, Layered Architecture
introduction, Layers and interfaces, Entity and protocol, Services, Transmission impairments and
channel capacity, Data rate limits, Distortion types, Guided transmission media introduction, Quality
of transmission, Twisted pairs and coaxial cables, Unguided media introduction.
UNIT-II: TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL SINGAL AND ADVANTAGES OF
MULITIPLEXING

Analog modulation (Amplitude modulation, Angle modulation), analog to digital conversion,

Pulse Code Modulation (PCM), Transmission of digital data (line coding), Conversion techniques
and coding technique, digital to analog modulation [ASK, FSK, PSK, QPSK, DPSK],
Multiplexing [FDM, TDM, CDM, WDM].
UNIT-III: LINK CONTROL AND COMMUNICATION NETWORK FUNDAMENTALS
Types of errors, Error detection, Parity checking, Error correction, Need of error control, Flow
control, Data link control, Asynchronous protocol and transmission, Synchronous protocol
transmission, Introduction to circuit switching and different types of circuit switching, pocket
switching introduction, Cell switching (ATM).
UNIT-IV: MEDIA ACCESS CONTROL, LOCAL AREA NETWORK AND WIDE AREA
NETWORK
Introduction, Media Access Control Address, Polling, CSMA, CSMA/CA, CSMA/CD and
Reservation Aloha, Digital hierarchies [SONET/SDH], LAN topologies and protocols; IEEE 802
Standard; Ethernet, Wireless LANs Connecting LANs: Repeaters, Bridges, Routers; Virtual LANs,
Network Layer Addressing and Routing concepts, Routing Methods, Distance Vector Protocol,
Link State protocol, Open Shortest Path First, Addressing & Routing, Address Resolution
Protocol, Dynamic Host Control Protocol, Network Address Translation, IPv6, Mobile IP
Process-to-Process delivery in Transport Layer: User Datagram Protocol, congestion control.
UNIT-V: WIRELESS NETWORKS AND ITS APPLICATIONS
Wireless network introduction, Cellular telephone system introduction, Mobility management,
Satellite communication introduction, Low earth orbit satellite, Global positioning systems
introduction, Internet and Internetworkings, Internetworking requirements and issues, Repeaters
and hubs, Transfer control protocol introduction.
 Rajiv Gandhi University of Knowledge Technologies, NUZVID
Department of Electronics & Communications Engineering

UNIT-VI: MULTIMEDIA NETWORKS AND SECURED COMMUNICATION

Multimedia introduction, Digitizing audio and video, Multimedia transmission requirements,
Delay jitter and delays skew, SAS factors for audio and video, Traffic characterization
parameters, Audio and video compression, Multimedia services, Secured communication
introduction, Introduction of cryptography, symmetric key cryptography, ciphers introduction,
Encryption techniques, Digital signature, Hellman key exchange, Pretty good privacy, Virtual
private network.
RECOMMENDED BOOKS
1. Behrouz A Forouzan, “Data Communication and Networking”, Tata McGraw-Hill, 2008
2. William Stallings, “Data and Computer Communications”, Pearson Education, 2008.
3. Rajneesh Agrawal and Bharat Bhushan Tiwari, “Data Communication and Computer Networks”,
Vikas Publishing house Ltd. , 2005.
4. Tomasi Wayne, “Introduction to Data Communications and Networking”, Pearson Education,
2007.
.

Video Reference links:

Title Expert Name Details of Expert Web link

COMPUTER Prof.Sujoy IIT KHARGPUR http://nptel.ac.in/courses/106105081

NETWORKS Ghosh
 Rajiv Gandhi University of Knowledge Technologies, NUZVID
Department of Electronics & Communications Engineering

III Year B.Tech ECE SEMESTER-I L T P C

Code: EC 3131 ADVANCED DIGITAL 3 1 0 4
COMMUNICATIONS

SYLLABUS:
UNIT 1:

Review of probability basics-Random variable –probability density function, cumulative

distribution function, Moment generating function–Markov’s inequality– Chebyshev’s
inequality –function of one random variable-function of two random variables- Central limit
theorem.

UNIT 2:

Error rate analysis- Bit error rate for BPSK modulation, Symbol error rate for QPSK and 4-
QAM modulations, Symbol error rate for 4PAM, Symbol error rate for 16 QAM, Symbol
error rate for 16PSK

UNIT 3:

System Performance Measures- Average Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR) , Outage Probability ,

Average Bit Error Probability (ABER) , channel capacity, Amount of Fading ,coefficient of
variation, Average Outage Duration.

UNIT 4:

Fading Channel Characterization and Modeling - Characteristics of Fading Channels,

Fading models- Rayleigh, Nakagami-q (Hoyt), Nakagami-n (Rice), Nakagami-m ,Chi square,
gamma ,weibull, Generalized-k ,k-u and H models, Composite fading and shadowing models.

UNIT 5:

Digital communication over fading channels: Bit error rate analysis of ASK, PSK and FSK
schemes over different fading channels. MATLAB Assignments on bit error rate analysis of
various modulation schemes.
 Rajiv Gandhi University of Knowledge Technologies, NUZVID
Department of Electronics & Communications Engineering

III Year B.Tech ECE SEMESTER-I L T P C

Code: EC 3132 Embedded Systems 3 1 0 4

SYLLABUS:
UNIT - I: INTRODUCTION.
Overview of Embedded Systems, Embedded System Architecture, Processor examples:
ARM,PIC etc, Introduction to Embedded Hardware, Overview of micro controller and micro
processor, Vonnueuman Architecture, Hardvard Architecture, Advanced Hardvard
Architecture, Introduction to PIC microcontroller.
UNIT-II: PIC INSTRUCTION SET AND PERIPHERALS ON CHIP
Instruction format, Adressing modes, Instructions, Data transfer instructions, Arithmetic and
Logical instructions, Bit oriented instructions, Control instructions, Assembly language
programming, Interrupts in PIC, Interrupts timing, PIC input output pins, PIC timers,
Watchdog timer, PWM mode in PIC, PIC peripherals, PIC examples.

UNIT-III: ARM PROCESSOR

History, ARM Architecture and its versions, Basic ARM organization, Registers and its
organization, Processor modes, Memory Organization, ARM Instruction set, ARM Data
types, ARM interrupt processing, Stack organization, ARM input output system, Pipeline
operation in ARM, Simple ARM based systems.

UNIT-IV: DIGITAL SIGNAL PROCESSORS AND MEMORY

Features of digital signal processors, DSP applications and DSP algorithms, DSP memory,
Instruction sets and parallel instructions, System on chip, Memory, Memory organization,
Virtual memory, Memory management unit, BUS structure, Serial interfaces, Power aware
architecture.
UNIT-V: SOFTWARE FOR EMBEDDED SYSTEMS AND NETWOKED
EMBEDDED SYSTEMS
Requirement and features of software for embedded systems, Usage of C and java and its
limitations, Fundamentals of embedded operating systems, Scheduling policies, Resource
management, Embedded OS, Network embedded systems, Distributed embedded systems
and its Architecture, Multi processor networks, Ethernet and its features, Hardware modules,
Protocols.

UNIT-VI: DESIGN OF EMBEDDED SYSTEMS

Introduction, Designing process, Data flow graph, Optimizing for program size,
Floating point to fixed point conversion, Simple digital camera design, CCD image
sensors, Platform basic design, Compilers for embedded systems, Developing
Embedded systems, Building dependable embedded systems, Pervasive and
ubiquitous computing.
 Rajiv Gandhi University of Knowledge Technologies, NUZVID
Department of Electronics & Communications Engineering

Text Books:

1.Computers as components: Principles of Embedded Computing System Design, Wayne

Wolf, Morgan Kaufman publication, 2000
2. ARM System Development’s Guide Designing and Optimizing System Software,
Andhrew, N. Sloss, Dominic Symesm Chirs Wright, Morgan kaufman publication, 2004
3. Design with PIC microcontroller, John B. Peatman, Pearson Education Asia, 2002
4. The Design of Small –Scale embedded systems Tim Wilmshurst, Palgrave 2003
5. Embedded System Design, Marwedel, Peter, Kluwer Publisher, 2004

Video Reference links:

Title Expert Name Details of Expert Web link

Lecture series on Dr. Santanu IIT Delhi http://nptel.ac.in/courses/10810204

Chaudhury 5
Embedded
Systems
 Rajiv Gandhi University of Knowledge Technologies, NUZVID
Department of Electronics & Communications Engineering

COURSE TITLE: MEMS and Micro Systems

III Year B. Tech ECE SEMESTER-I L T P C

Code:3133 MEMS and Micro Systems 3 1 0 4

SYLLABUS:
Unit I: Introduction
Micro/Nano Electronics and Mechanical systems, Micro/Nano sensors, Evaluation of
MEMS/NEMS, MEMS/NEMS materials, piezo resistive MEMS, cantilever beams
Unit II: Fabrication of MEMS/NEMS
Fabrication process flow: cleaning, oxidation, patterning, Mask Alignment, Lithography-
types, etching-types, annealing, different photo-resists
Unit III: Characterization of MEMS/NEMS
Characterization of MEMS: Mechanical, Optical and Electrical, Interface electronics to
MEMS, wafer bonding, Metallization
Unit IV: MEMS/NEMS for Bio-medical applications
Introduction to Bio-MEMS/NEMS, issues in Bio-MEMS/NEMS, Introduction to Micro
fluidics, Application of Bio-MEMS
Unit V: Introduction to lab-on-chip
Nanotribology and Nanomechanics Issues, Nanotribological Studies of MEMS/NEMS
Materials, Lab-on-chip
Unit VI: Application of MEMS/NEMS
MEMS for Space applications, MEMS for thermal applications, Pressure sensors, MEMS
gyro sensors, MEMS capacitive accelerometer
Text Books:
1. "Microsystem Design" by Stephen D. Senturia, Kluwer Academic Publishers, 2001.
2. Fundamentals of Microfabrication by Marc Madou, CRC Press, 1997, ISBN 0-8493-9451-1.
3. "Microsensors" by Richard S. Muller, Roger T. Howe, Stephen D. Senturia, Rosemary L.
Smith, and Richard M. White, IEEE Press, IEEE Number PC 0257-6, ISBN 0-87942-254-9,
New York, 1991.
 Rajiv Gandhi University of Knowledge Technologies, NUZVID
Department of Electronics & Communications Engineering

Reference Books:
1. Micromechanical Transducers: Pressure sensors, accelrometers, and gyroscopes by M.-H.
Bao, Elsevier, New York, 2000.
2. Micromachined Transducers Sourcebook by Gregory Kovacs, WCB McGraw-Hill,
Boston, 1998, ISBN 0-07-290722-3.
3. "Micromechanics and MEMS: Classic and Seminal Papers to 1990. " by William Trimmer,
IEEE Press, IEEE Number PC4390, ISBN 0-7803-1085-3, New York.

Video Reference links:

Title Expert Name Details of Web link
Expert
Bio- Dr. Shantanu IIT Kanpur http://nptel.ac.in/courses/112104181/
MEMS/NEMS Bhattacharya
MEMS and Prof. Santi IIT http://nptel.ac.in/courses/117105082/
Micro systems Ram Kal Kharagpur
 Rajiv Gandhi University of Knowledge Technologies, NUZVID
Department of Electronics & Communications Engineering

III Year B. Tech ECE SEMESTER-II L T P C

Code: 3241 Information Theory and 3 1 0 4

Coding

SYLLABUS:

UNIT I:
Introduction to Information Theory and Coding, Definition of Information Measure and
Entropy, Extension of An Information Source and Markov Source, Adjoint of An Information
Source, Jointand Conditional Information Measure, Properties of Joint and Conditional
Information Measures and A Morkov Source, Asymptotic Properties of Entropy and Problem
Solving in Entropy.

UNIT II:
Block Code and its Properties, Instantaneous Code and Its Properties, Kraft-Mcmillan
Equality and Compact Codes, Shannon's First Theorem, Coding Strategies and Introduction
to Huffman Coding, Huffman Coding and Proof of Its Optamality, Competitive Optamality
of The Shannon Code.

UNIT III:
Non-Binary Huffman Code and Other Codes, Adaptive Huffman Coding Part-I, Adaptive
Huffman Coding Part-II, Shannon-Fano-Elias Coding and Introduction to Arithmetic Coding,
Arithmetic Coding Part-I, Arithmetic Coding Part-II, Introduction to Information Channels,
Equivocation and Mutual Information.

UNIT IV:
Properties of Different Information Channels, Reduction of Information Channels, Properties
of Mutual Information and Introdution to Channel Capacity, Calculation of Channel Capacity
for Different Information Channels, Shannon's Second Theorem, Discussion On Error Free
Communication Over Noisy Channel, Error Free Communication Over A Binary Symmetric
Channel and Introdution to Continous Sources and Channels

UNIT V:
Differential Entropy and Evaluation of Mutual Information for Continuous Sources and
Channels, Channel Capacity of A Band Limited Continuous Channel, Introduction to Rate-
Distortion Theory, Definition and Properties of Rate-Distortion Functions, Calculation of
Rate-Distortion Functions, Computational Approach for Calculation of Rate-Distortion
Functions.
 Rajiv Gandhi University of Knowledge Technologies, NUZVID
Department of Electronics & Communications Engineering

UNIT VI:
Introdution to Quantization, Lloyd-Max Quantizer, Companded Quantization, Variable
Length Coding and Problem Solving in Quantizer Design, Vector Quantization, Transform
Coding Part-I, Transform Coding Part-II.

Text Books:
1.An Introduction to Information Theory : Symbols, Signals and Noise By John R Pierce.

Video Content: http://nptel.ac.in/courses/117101053/

 Rajiv Gandhi University of Knowledge Technologies, NUZVID
Department of Electronics & Communications Engineering

III Year B.Tech ECE SEMESTER-II L T P C

Code: EC 3242 PRINCIPLES OF RADAR 4 0 0 4

SYLLABUS:

UNIT - I: RADAR BASICS

Introduction ,Radar band designations, Maximum Unambiguous Range, Simple form of

Radar Equation, Radar Block Diagram and Operation, Radar Frequencies and Applications,
Prediction of Range Performance, Minimum Detectable Signal, Receiver Noise,
Modified Radar Range EquationSNR, Envelope Detector, False Alarm Time and
Probability, Integration of Radar Pulses, Radar Cross Section of Targets (simple targets
-sphere, cone-sphere), Transmitter Power, PRF and Range Ambiguities, System Losses
(qualitative treatment), Illustrative Problems.

UNIT - II: CW AND FM RADAR

Doppler Effect, CW Radar –Block Diagram, Isolation between Transmitter and
Receiver, Non-zero IF Receiver, Receiver Bandwidth Requirements, Applications of CW
radar, Illustrative Problems. FM-CW Radar, Range and Doppler Measurement, Block
Diagram and Characteristics (Approaching/ Receding Targets), FM-CW altimeter,
Multiple Frequency CW Radar.

UNIT – III: MTI AND PULSE DOPPLER RADAR

Introduction, Principle, MTI Radar with -Power Amplifier Transmitter and Power
Oscillator Transmitter, Delay Line Cancellers –Filter Characteristics, Blind Speeds,
Double Cancellation, And Staggered PRFs. Range Gated Doppler Filters, MTI Radar
Parameters, Limitations to MTI Performance, MTI versus Pulse Doppler radar.

UNIT – IV:TRACKING RADAR

Tracking with Radar, Sequential Lobbing, Conical Scan, Monopulse Tracking Radar–
Amplitude Comparison Monopulse (one-and two-coordinates), Phase Comparison
Monopulse, Tracking in range, Acquisition and Scanning Patterns, Comparison of Trackers.
 Rajiv Gandhi University of Knowledge Technologies, NUZVID
Department of Electronics & Communications Engineering

UNIT –V: DETECTION OF RADAR SIGNALS IN NOISE

Introduction, Matched Filter Receiver –Response Characteristics and Derivation,

Correlation Function and Cross-correlation Receiver, Efficiency of Non-matched
Filters, Matched Filter with Non-white Noise.

UNIT –VI:PHASED ARRAY AND IMAGING RADAR

Phased array principle and feed systems, conventional and adaptive beam forming
techniques; Synthetic aperture radar (SAR): SAR fundamentals, cross-range resolution in
radar, synthetic aperture viewpoint; SAR data characteristics: Strip map SAR geometry,
strip map SAR data set, stripmap SAR image formation algorithm; Introduction to polar
metric and interferometric SAR

TEXT BOOKS:
1. Merrill I. Skolnik ,”Introduction to Radar Systems”, 3rd Edition, Tata McGraw-Hill,
2001
2. Peebles, Jr., P.Z, “Radar Principles “ Wiley, New York, 1998.
3. Byron Edde, “Radar Principals, Technology, Applications”, Pearson Education, 2004

REFERENCE BOOKS:
1. Hovanessian, S.A., “Radar System Design and Analysis”, Artech House1984.
2. Harger, R. O., Synthetic Aperture Radar Systems: Theory and Design, Academic
Press, NY (1970).
3. Schleher, D.C., “MTI and Pulse Doppler Radar”, Artech House 1991
4. Richards, M.A., “Fundamental of Radar Signal Processing”, Tata McGraw-
hill. 2005
5. Sullivan, R.J., “Radar Foundations for Imaging and Advanced Concepts”, Prentice-
Hall of India. 2004
6. Mott, H., “Remote Sensing with Polarimetric Radar”, IEEE Press. 2007
7. Nathanson, F.E., “Radar Design Principles”, Scitech Publishing. 2002.
 Rajiv Gandhi University of Knowledge Technologies, NUZVID
Department of Electronics & Communications Engineering

VIDEO REFERENCE LINKS:

Title Expert Name Details of Web link

Expert
Lecture Dr. Robert M. MIT -OCW http://www.ll.mit.edu/workshops/education/
series on O'Donnell videocourses/introradar/index.html
Introduction
to radar

Lecture Dr. Robert M. IEEE http://aess.cs.unh.edu/radar%20se%20List

series on O'Donnell Aerospace and %20of%20Lectures%20.html
Radar Electronic
system Systems
Society
engineering

TEXT REFERENCE LINKS:

Title Expert Name Details of Web link

Expert
Web series on Prof. IISC http://nptel.ac.in/courses/101108056/
Navigation, DebasishGhose Bangalore
Guidance and
Control
 Rajiv Gandhi University of Knowledge Technologies, NUZVID
Department of Electronics & Communications Engineering

III Year B.Tech Semester – II L T P C

Code : EC3243 VLSI Design Verification & Testing 3 1 0 4

SYLLABUS:
UNIT I :
Introduction , Overview of VLSI Design Flow,High Level Synthesis (HLS) Overview
,Scheduling in High Level Synthesis (HLS),Resource Sharing and Binding in HLS
UNIT II :
Logic Synthesis, Physical Design, Intoduction to formal methods for design verification,
Temporal Logic: Introduction and Basic Operations on Temporal Logic
UNIT III:
Syntax and Semantics of CTL, Equivalences between CTL Formulas, Introduction to Model
Checking, Model Checking Algorithms, Model Checking with Fairness
UNIT IV:
Binary Decision Diagram: Introduction and Construction, Ordered Binary Decision Diagram
(OBDD), Operation on OBDD, OBDD for state Transition systems
UNIT V:
Symbolic model checking, Introduction to Digital VLSI Testing, Functional and Structural
Testing, Fault Equivalence, Fault Simulation
UNIT VI :
Testability Measures (SCOAP) , Introduction to Automatic Test Pattern generation(ATPG)
and ATPG Algebras, D-Algorithm, ATPG for synchronous sequential circuits, Scan Chain
based Sequential circuit testing, Built in Self Test (BIST)

Textbooks:
1. Miron Abramovici, Melvin A. Breuer and Arthur D. Friedman, “Digital Systems
Testing and Testable Design,” Revised, IEEE Press (1990)
2. Samiha Mourad and Yervant Zorian, “Principles of Testing Electronic Systems”,
Wiley (2000)
3. Michael L. Bushnell and Vishwani D. Agrawal, “Essentials of Electronic Testing, for
Digital, Memory and Mixed-Signal VLSI Circuits”, Kluwer Academic Publishers
(2000)
 Rajiv Gandhi University of Knowledge Technologies, NUZVID
Department of Electronics & Communications Engineering

VIDEO REFERENCE:
Title Expert Details of Web link
Name Expert
VLSI Design Prof Arnab IIT Guwahati http://nptel.ac.in/courses/117103125
Verification and Sarkar
Test
 Rajiv Gandhi University of Knowledge Technologies, NUZVID
Department of Electronics & Communications Engineering

II1 Year B.Tech ECE SEMESTER-II L T P C

Code: EC 3251 Artificial Intelligence 3 1 0 4

SYLLABUS:
UNIT – I:
Introduction to artificial intelligence, Intelligent agents, State space search, Uniformed
search, Informed search.

UNIT-II:
Two players games-I, Constraint satisfaction problems, Knowledge representation and logic,
Interface in propositional logic, First order logic, Reasoning using first order logic.
UNIT-III:
Resolution in FOPL, Rule based systems, Semantic net, Reasoning in semantic net, Frames,
Planning.

UNIT-IV:
Rule based expert system, Reasoning with uncertainty, Fuzzy reasoning, Introduction to
learning.

UNIT-V:
Rule induction and decision trees, Learning using neural networks.

UNIT-VI:
Probabilistic learning, Natural language processing.

Text Books:
1. “Artificial intelligence: A new synthesis ” by Nils J.Nilsson.

Video Reference links:

Title Expert Name Details of Expert Web link

Lecture series on Prof. Sudeshna IIT Kharagpur http://nptel.ac.in/courses/10610507

Sarkar 7
Artificial
Intelligence
 Rajiv Gandhi University of Knowledge Technologies, NUZVID
Department of Electronics & Communications Engineering

III YEAR BTech ECE SEMESTER-II L T P C

CODE: EC 3252 DIGITAL IC DESIGN 3 1 0 4

SYLLABUS:

UNIT 1: A Historical Perspective, Issues in Digital Integrated Circuit Design, Quality

Metrics of a Digital Design, Cost of an Integrated Circuit, Functionality and Robustness,
Performance, Power and Energy Consumption

UNIT 2: THE WIRE

Introduction, Interconnect Parameters — Capacitance, Resistance,and Inductance,
Capacitance, Resistance, Inductance, Electrical Wire Models, The Ideal Wire, The Lumped
Model, The Lumped RC model, The Distributed rc Line, The Transmission Line

UNIT 3: THE CMOS INVERTER

Introduction, The Static CMOS Inverter — An Intuitive Perspective, Evaluating the
Robustness of the CMOS Inverter: The Static Behavior, Switching Threshold, Noise
Margins, Performance of CMOS Inverter: The Dynamic Behavior, Computing the
Capacitances, Propagation Delay: First-Order Analysis, Propagation Delay from a Design
Perspective, Power, Energy, and Energy-Delay, Dynamic Power Consumption, Static
Consumption

UNIT 4: DESIGNING COMBINATIONAL LOGIC GATES IN CMOS

Introduction,Static CMOS Design, Complementary CMOS, Ratioed Logic, Pass-Transistor
Logic, Dynamic CMOS Design , Dynamic Logic: Basic Principles, Speed and Power
Dissipation of Dynamic Logic , Issues in Dynamic Design, Cascading Dynamic Gates,
Perspectives, Designing Logic for Reduced Supply Voltages

UNIT 5: DESIGNING SEQUENTIAL LOGIC CIRCUITS

Introduction, Timing Metrics for Sequential Circuits, Classification of Memory Elements,
Static Latches and Registers, The Bistability Principle, Multiplexer-Based Latches, Master-
Slave Edge-Triggered Register, Low-Voltage Static Latches, Static SR Flip-Flops—Writing
Data by Pure Force, Dynamic Latches and Registers, Dynamic Transmission-Gate Edge-
triggered Registers, C2MOS—A Clock-Skew Insensitive Approach, True Single-Phase
Clocked Register (TSPCR), Alternative Register Styles, Pulse Registers Sense-Amplifier
Based, Registers , Pipelining: An approach to optimize sequential circuits, Latch- vs.
Register-Based Pipelines, NORA-CMOS—A Logic Style for Pipelined Structures, Non-
Bistable Sequential Circuits

UNIT 6: DESIGNING MEMORY AND ARRAY STRUCTURES

Introduction,Memory Classification, Memory Architectures and Building Blocks, The
Memory Core, Read-Only Memories Nonvolatile Read-Write Memories, Read-Write
Memories (RAM), Contents-Addressable or Associative Memory (CAM), Memory
Peripheral Circuitry, The Address Decoders, Sense Amplifiers Voltage References,
 Rajiv Gandhi University of Knowledge Technologies, NUZVID
Department of Electronics & Communications Engineering

Drivers/Buffers, Timing and Control, Memory Reliability and Yield, Signal-To-Noise Ratio,
Memory yield, Power Dissipation in Memories, Sources of Power Dissipation in Memories,
Partitioning of the memory, Addressing the Active Power Dissipation, Data-retention
Dissipation

Textbooks:
1. Digital Integrated Circuits- A Design Perspective (Second Edition) by Jan M. Rabaey ,
Anantha Chandrakasan and Borivoje Nikolic

Video Reference:

Title Expert Affiliation Weblink

name
Digital Integrated Jan Rabaey Professor at https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list
Circuits Jan Rabaey UC Berkeley =PLB3i9IKhwBX8EEkgSy0AjaRFC
Lecture series mY2gBiQc
 Rajiv Gandhi University of Knowledge Technologies, NUZVID
Department of Electronics & Communications Engineering

II1 Year B.Tech ECE SEMESTER-II L T P C

Code: EC 3253 Embedded System Software Testing 3 1 0 4

SYLLABUS:
UNIT-I: INTRODUCTION TO SOFTWARE TESTINGS
Introduction of embedded systems and software testing, Marketing drivers, Role of testing,
Key process elements for embedded software testing, Typical life cycle phase, Embedded C
environment, Embedded testing setup, Prerequistics for embedded system testing, Test case
design and procedures, Test standards, Depicting levels of testing, Software life cycle,
Embedded V model life cycle, Nested V model life cycle, Master test planning.
UNIT-II: TESTING METHODS
Dynamic testing, Dynamic testing types, Black box testing, White box testing, Coverage
aspects, Equivalance partitioning, State transition testing, State transition fault categories,
Model based testing, Grey box testing, Testing tools-life cycle, Test automation and
techniques, Risk based testing.
UNIT-III: STATIC ANALYSIS AND CODE REVIEWS
Static testing, Static vs dynamic testing, Static analysis, Static analysis tools, Coding
standards, Sample rule, Stack overflow, Program inspection walkthrough and reviews, Test
metrics, Test metrics life cycle and types, Software testing metrics.
UNIT-IV: SOFTWARE INTEGRATION
Software integration goals and objectives, Top down integration and testing, Integration
considerations, Integration strategy comparison, Bottom up testing, Layer integration, Client
server integration, Collaboration integration, Integration testing environment, Generating test
cases, Regression testing, Case diagram, Test case maintenance.
UNIT-V: TEST MANAGEMENT
Depicting levels of testing, Configure management elements, SCM activities, SCM phases,
Different types of test processes related to software remodel, Introduction to EST and
fundamentals of testing.
UNIT-VI: UNTI TESTING
LDRA unit testing tool introduction, Static analysis tool by using C or C++, Target based
testing, Level testing, Identification of test cases, Test line work flow.

REFERENCE BOOKS:
1. Testing Embedded Software by Bart Broekman, Edwin Noteboom.
 Rajiv Gandhi University of Knowledge Technologies, NUZVID
Department of Electronics & Communications Engineering

Video Reference links:

Title Expert Name Details of Web link

Expert
Lecture series on MADHUKESWARA SEER http://nptel.ac.in/courses/117106112
ACADAMY /
Embedded
System software
 Rajiv Gandhi University of Knowledge Technologies, NUZVID
Department of Electronics & Communications Engineering

III Year B.Tech ECE SEMESTER-II L T P C

Code: EC 3254 Wireless Communication 3 1 0 4

SYLLABUS:
UNIT -I: The Cellular Concept:
System Design Fundamentals, Introduction, Frequency Reuse, Channel Assignment
Strategies, Handoff Strategies- Prioritizing Handoffs, Practical Handoff Considerations,
Interference and system capacity – Co channel Interference and system capacity, Channel
planning for Wireless Systems, Adjacent Channel interference , Power Control for
Reducing interference, Trucking and Grade of Service, Improving Coverage & Capacity in
Cellular Systems- Cell Splitting, Sectoring .
UNIT –II:Mobile Radio Propagation- Large-Scale Path Loss:
Introduction to Radio Wave Propagation, Free Space Propagation Model, Relating Power
to Electric Field, The Three Basic Propagation Mechanisms, Reflection-Reflection
from Dielectrics, Brewster Angle, Reflection from prefect conductors, Ground
Reflection (Two-Ray) Model, Diffraction-Fresnel Zone Geometry, Knife-edge
Diffraction Model, Multiple knife-edge Diffraction, Scattering, Outdoor Propagation
Models- Longley-Ryce Model, Okumura Model, Hata Model, PCS Extension to Hata
Model, Walfisch and Bertoni Model, Wideband PCS Microcell Model, Indoor
Propagation Models-Partition losses (Same Floor), Partition losses between Floors, Log-
distance path loss model, Ericsson Multiple Breakpoint Model, Attenuation Factor Model,
Signal penetration into buildings, Ray Tracing and Site Specific Modeling.
UNIT –III: Mobile Radio Propagation- Small –Scale Fading and Multipath:
Small Scale Multipath propagation-Factors influencing small scale fading, Doppler shift,
Impulse Response Model of a multipath channel- Relationship between Bandwidth and
Received power, Small-Scale Multipath Measurements-Direct RF Pulse System, Spread
Spectrum Sliding Correlator Channel Sounding, Frequency Domain Channels Sounding,
Parameters of Mobile Multipath Channels-Time Dispersion Parameters, Coherence
Bandwidth, Doppler Spread and Coherence Time, Types of Small-Scale Fading-Fading
effects Due to Multipath Time Delay Spread, Flat fading, Frequency selective fading,
Fading effects Due to Doppler Spread-Fast fading, slow fading, Statistical Models for
multipath Fading Channels-Clarke’s model for flat fading, spectral shape due to Doppler
spread in Clarke’s model, Simulation of Clarke and Gans Fading Model, Level crossing.
UNIT -IV: Equalization and Diversity:
Introduction, Fundamentals of Equalization, Training A Generic Adaptive Equalizer,
Equalizers in a communication Receiver, Linear Equalizers, Non linear Equalization-
Decision Feedback Equalization (DFE), Maximum Likelihood Sequence Estimation (MLSE)
Equalizer, Algorithms for adaptive equalization-Zero Forcing Algorithm, Least Mean Square
Algorithm, Recursive least squares algorithm. Diversity Techniques-Derivation of
selection Diversity improvement, Derivation of Maximal Ratio Combining improvement,
 Rajiv Gandhi University of Knowledge Technologies, NUZVID
Department of Electronics & Communications Engineering

Practical Space Diversity Consideration-Selection Diversity, Feedback or Scanning

Diversity, Maximal Ratio Combining, Equal Gain Combining, Polarization Diversity,
Frequency Diversity, Time Diversity, RAKE Receiver.
UNIT -V: Wireless Networks:
Introduction to wireless Networks, Advantages and disadvantages of Wireless Local Area
Networks, WLAN Topologies, WLAN Standard IEEE 802.11,IEEE 802.11 Medium Access
Control, Comparison of IEEE 802.11 a,b,g and n standards, IEEE 802.16 and its
enhancements, Wireless PANs, Hiper Lan, WLL.
Text Books:

1. Wireless Communications, Principles, Practice – Theodore, S. Rapp port, 2nd

Ed., 2002, PHI.
2. Wireless Communications-Andrea Goldsmith, 2005 Cambridge University Press.
3. Mobile Cellular Communication – Gottapu Sasibhushana Rao, Pearson Education, 2012.
Reference Books:
1. Principles of Wireless Networks – Kaveh Pah Laven and P. Krishna Murthy, 2002, PE.
2. Wireless Digital Communications – Kamilo Feher, 1999, PHI.
3. Wireless Communication and Networking – William Stallings, 2003, PHI.
4. Wireless Communication – Upen Dalal, Oxford Univ. Press.
5. Wireless Communications and Networking
 Rajiv Gandhi University of Knowledge Technologies, NUZVID
Department of Electronics & Communications Engineering

III Year B.Tech ECE SEMESTER-II L T P C

Code: EC 3261 Adaptive signal processing 3 1 0 4

SYLLABUS:
UNIT - I:
Introduction to Adaptive filters, Introduction to stochastic process, stochastic process,
Correlation structure, FIR wiener filter, Steepest descent technique, LMS algorithm,
Convergence analysis.

UNIT-II:
Misadjustment and Excess MSE, Sign LMS algorithm, Block LMS algorithm, Fast
implementation of Block LMS algorithm, Vector space treatment to Random Variables.

UNIT-III:
Orthogonalization and orthogonal projection, Orthogonal decomposition and signal
subspaces, Introduction to linear prediction, Lattice filter, Lattice recursion, Lattice as
optimal filter, Linear prediction and Autoregressive modeling.

UNIT-IV:
Gradient adaptive lattice, Introduction to recursive least squares, RLS Approach to adaptive
filters, RLS adaptive lattice.
UNIT-V:
RLS lattice recursion, RLS lattice algorithm, RLS using QR decomposition.

UNIT-VI:
Givens rotation, Systollic implementation, Singular value decomposition.

Text Books:
1. Adaptive filter theory by S.Heyken
2. “Adaptive singal Processing” by B. Widrow and S.D Stearns
3. “Adaptive Signal processing” by Tulay Adali and Simon Haykin.

Video Reference links:

Title Expert Name Details of Expert Web link

Lecture series on Prof. IIT Karaghpur http://nptel.ac.in/courses/11710507

M.Chakraborty 5
Adaptive signal
processing
 Rajiv Gandhi University of Knowledge Technologies, NUZVID
Department of Electronics & Communications Engineering

III Year B. Tech ECE SEMESTER-II L T P C

Code:3262 An Introduction to Electronics Systems 3 1 0 4

Packaging

SYLLABUS:

UNIT I: Electronic system packaging

Introduction, history of semiconductors, Packaging aspects of handheld products, Case
studies in applications, Wafer fabrication, inspection and testing, Wafer packaging,
Packaging evolution; Chip connection choices, Wire bonding, TAB and flipchip
UNIT II: Semiconductor packages
Introduction, Why packaging? Single chip packages or modules (SCM), Commonly used
packages and advanced packages; Materials in packages, Advances packages (continued);
Thermal mismatch in packages; Current trends in packaging, Multichip modules (MCM)-
types; System in package (SIP);Packaging roadmaps; Hybrid circuits.
UNIT III: Electrical Design considerations in systems packaging and CAD for
printed wiring boards
Electrical Issues- Resistive Parasitic, Capacitive and Inductive Parasitic, Layout guidelines
and the Reflection problem, Interconnection. Introduction to DFM, DFR & DFT,
Components of a CAD package and its highlights, Design Flow considerations, Beginning a
circuit design with schematic work and component layout, examples of layout and routing;
Technology file generation from CAD; DFM check list and design rules; Design for
Reliability
UNIT IV: Printed Wiring Board Technologies: Board level packaging aspects
Review of CAD output files for PCB fabrication; Photo plotting and mask generation,
Process flow-chart, PWB substrates, Substrates continued, Video highlights; Surface
preparation, Photo resist and application methods, UV exposure and developing, printing
technologies for PWBs PWB etching; Resist stripping, Screen-printing technology, Through-
hole manufacture process steps; Panel and pattern plating methods, Video highlights on
manufacturing, Solder mask for PWBs; Multilayer PWBs; Introduction to microvias,
Microvia technology and Sequential build-up technology process flow for high-density
interconnects, Conventional Vs HDI technologies; Flexible circuits; Tutorial session
UNIT V: Surface Mount Technology
SMD benefits, Design issues; Introduction to soldering, Reflow and Wave Soldering methods
to attach SMDs, Solders; Wetting of solders; Flux and its properties, Defects in wave
soldering, Vapour phase soldering, BGA soldering and Desoldering/ Repair, SMT failures,
SMT failure library and Tin Whisker, Tin-lead and lead-free solders, Phase diagrams;
 Rajiv Gandhi University of Knowledge Technologies, NUZVID
Department of Electronics & Communications Engineering

Thermal profiles for reflow soldering; Lead-free alloys, Lead-free solder considerations;
Green electronics; RoHS compliance and e-waste recycling issues.

UNIT VI: Thermal Design considerations in systems packaging

Thermal Design considerations in systems packaging, Introduction to embedded passives;
Need for embedded passives; Design Library; Embedded resistor processes, Embedded
capacitors, Processes for embedding capacitors; Case study examples; Summary of materials
in packaging

Reference Books:
1. Rao R. Tummala, Fundamentals of Microsystems Packaging, McGraw Hill, NY, 2001.
2. William D.Brown,Advanced Electronic Packaging, IEEE Press, 1999.
3. "Micromechanics and MEMS: Classic and Seminal Papers to 1990. " by William Trimmer,
IEEE Press, IEEE Number PC4390, ISBN 0-7803-1085-3, New York.

Video Reference links:

Title Expert Name Details of Web link
Expert
An Introduction to Electronics Dr.G.V.Mahesh IISC http://nptel.ac.in/syllabus/
Systems Packaging Bangalore 108108031/
 Rajiv Gandhi University of Knowledge Technologies, NUZVID
Department of Electronics & Communications Engineering

III Year B.Tech ECE SEMESTER-II L T P C

Code: EC 3263 Medical Image analysis 3 1 0 4

SYLLABUS:
UNIT - I: INTRODUCTION TO MEDICAL IMAGE ANALSIS
Medical Image analysis and overview

UNIT-II: IMAGING AND CLUSTERING

X Ray and CT Imaging, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Ultrasound Imaging, Optical
Microscopy and Molecular Imaging, Texture in Medical Images, Region Growing and
Clustering,.

UNIT-III: IMAGE SEGMENTATION

Random Growing and Clustering, Random Walks for Segmentation, Active Contours for
Segmentation, Systematic Evaluation and Validation, Decision Trees for Segmentation and
Classification, Random Forests for segmentation and Classification.
UNIT – IV: NEURAL NETWORKS FOR SEGMENTATION AND CLASSIFICAION
Simple neuron, Neural network formulation, Learning with error back propagation, Gradient
checking and optimization.
UNIT-V: MEDICAL IMAGE ANALYSIS
Requirement and features of software for embedded systems, Usage of C and java and its
limitations, Fundamentals of embedded operating systems, Scheduling policies, Resource
management, Embedded OS, Network embedded systems, Distributed embedded systems
and its Architecture, Multi processor networks, Ethernet and its features, Hardware modules,
Protocols.

UNIT-VI: MISCELINOUS CONCEPTS

Retinal Vessel Segmentation, Vessel Segmentation in Computed Tomography Scan of
Lungs, Tissue Characterization in Ultra sound.

Reference books:

1. Medical image analysis by ATAM P.DHAWAN , 2nd edition.

 Rajiv Gandhi University of Knowledge Technologies, NUZVID
Department of Electronics & Communications Engineering

Video Reference links:

Title Expert Name Details of Expert Web link

Lecture series on Prof. Debdoot IIT Kharagpur http://nptel.ac.in/courses/10810509

Sheet 1
Embedded
Systems
 Rajiv Gandhi University of Knowledge Technologies, NUZVID
Department of Electronics & Communications Engineering

III Year B.Tech ECE SEMESTER-II L T P C

Code: EC 3264 SATELLITE COMMUNICATIONS 3 1 0 4

SYLLABUS:
UNIT - I:Introduction

Importance of Satellite Communication, A Brief History of Satellite Communications and its

evolution. Evolution of Indian Space communication.

UNIT-II: Orbital Mechanics and Launchers

Developing the Equations of the Orbit, Kepler’s Three Laws of Planetary Motion, Describing
the Orbit of a satellite, Locating the in the Orbit, Locating the Satellite with Respect to the
Earth. Orbital Elements, Look Angle Determination, The Sub satellite Point, Elevation and
Azimuth angle Calculations, Specialization to Geostationary Satellites, Visibility Test,
Orbital Perturbations, Orbit Determination, Launches and Launch Vehicles, Doppler Shift,
Range Variations, Solar Eclipse, Sun Transit Outage.

UNIT-III: Satellite Subsystems

Attitude and Orbit Control System, Telemetry, Tracking, Command and monitoring, Power
Systems, Communication Subsystems, Transponders, Satellite Antennas, Equipment
Reliability and Space Qualification, Redundancy.

UNIT-IV:Satellite Link Design

Introduction, Basic Transmission Theory, System Noise Temperature and G/T Ratio, Noise
Figure and Noise Temperature, G/T Ratio for Earth stations. Design of Downlinks, Link
Budgets, Uplink Design, Designs for Specified C/N Ratios.

UNIT-V:Multiple Access Techniques

Introduction, FDMA, TDMA, CDMA, Intermodulation, Calculation of C/N with
Intermodulation TDMA Frame Structure, Demand Access Multiple Access(DAMA), Spread
Spectrum Transmission and Reception

UNIT-VI:Propagation Effects and their Impact on Satellite-Earth Links

Introduction, Quantifying Attenuation and Depolarization, Atmospheric Absorption, Cloud
Attenuation, Troposphere Scintillation and Low Angle Fading, Faraday Rotation in the
 Rajiv Gandhi University of Knowledge Technologies, NUZVID
Department of Electronics & Communications Engineering

atmosphere, Ionospheric Scintillation, Rain and Ice Effects, Antenna Noise, Propagation
Impairment Countermeasures.

Text Books:
1. Satellite Communications 2nd Edition, by T Pratt, C.W.Bostain, J.EAllnutt.John Willey
sons 2003.
2. Satellite communications systems: Systems, Techniques, and Technology 5th Edition
by G Maral, M.Bousquet, Z.Sun , John Willy Sons
3. Gary D Gordon and Walter L Morgan, Principles of Communication satellites, John
Wiley& Sons,1993.

Video Reference links:

Title Expert Name Details of Web link

Expert

Satellite Dr. Kalyankumar IIT http://nptel.ac.in/courses/117105131/

Communication Bandyopadhyay Kharagpur
Systems
 Rajiv Gandhi University of Knowledge Technologies, NUZVID
Department of Electronics & Communications Engineering

IV Year B.Tech ECE SEMESTER-I L T P C

Code: EC 4171 Co-operative communications 3 1 0 4

SYLLABUS:

UNIT 1:Diversity Techniques:

Types of Diversity and Advantages of Diversity techniques, Bit error rate analysis of digital
modulation schemes for different diversity techniques. Diversity Technique over Fading
Channels in the presence of Interference.

UNIT 2:Cooperative communications:

Relay channels, Basics of cooperative communication protocols-Amplify and forward and
decode and forward, hybrid decode amplify and forward protocols.

UNIT 3:Cooperative communications with single relay:

System model ,Probability density function, cumulative distribution function and moment
generating function for harmonic distribution and minimum of exponential, and gamma
variants, Exact and Approximate SER analysis .

UNIT 4: Multi-node cooperative communications:

Multi-node amplify-and-forward system model, Dual hop-multi relay analysis, multihop
multi relay Bit error rate analysis.

UNIT 5: Cooperative communications in the presence of Interference-

System models, Exact and Approximate SER analysis .Asymptotic analysis of single and
multi-hop systems.
Optimization: optimum power allocation, optimum relay positioning schemes.
 Rajiv Gandhi University of Knowledge Technologies, NUZVID
Department of Electronics & Communications Engineering

IV Year B.Tech ECE SEMESTER-I L T P C

Code: EC 4172 Embedded System Design 3 1 0 4

SYLLABUS:

UNIT - I: Introduction to Embedded System Design

Embedded Systems, Processors, Data flow, General Propose and ASIPs Processor, Designing
a Single Purpose Processor, Splitting given system in to data and control path, Optimization
Issues, Optimizing the data path, Watch Dog Timers.

UNIT-II: Introduction to FPGA

Introduction to FPGA, Behaviour Synthesis on FPGA using VHDL, Establishing
interconnections, Xlinix Spartan -3E Starter kit
UNIT-III: HDL CODING
HDL Introduction, Building Digital Systems with HDL, Motation For HDLs, Advantages of
using HDLs, HDL implementation cycle, Basic building blocks, Structure modeling,
Component Instantaion, Data Flow modeling, Vectors and Parameters, Language
Conventions.

UNIT-IV: SENSOR, A/D, D/A CONVERTERS AND ARDUINO UNO

Sensors and Signals, Acceleration Sensor, CMOS image Sensors, Biometrical Sensors,
Sensor Parameters, Discretization of Signals and A/D Converter, Quantization, SNR and
D/A Converter, Arduino Uno, Serial Communication and timers using Arduino, Controller
Design using Arduino.

UNIT-V:
Power Aware Embedded System – II, SD and DD Algorithm, Parallel Operations and VLIW,
Code Effiency, DSP Application and Address Generation Unit, Real time O.S, RMS
Algorithm, EDF Algorithm and Resource Constraint, Priority Inversion and Priority
Inheritance, Modeling and Specification,

UNIT-VI:
FSM and StateChart, Statechart and Statmate Semantics, Program State Machines, SDL, Data
Flow Model, Hardware Synthesis, Scheduling, Digital Camera Design, Digital Camera-
Iterative Design.

Reference books:
EMBEDDED SYSTEMS DESIGN BY ARNOLD S. BERGER
 Rajiv Gandhi University of Knowledge Technologies, NUZVID
Department of Electronics & Communications Engineering

Video Reference links:

Title Expert Name Details of Expert Web link

Lecture series on Prof. Anupam IIT Kharagpur http://nptel.ac.in/courses/10610515

Basu 9
Digital System
Design
 Rajiv Gandhi University of Knowledge Technologies, NUZVID
Department of Electronics & Communications Engineering

IV YEAR B.TECH SEMESTER-I L T P C

Code: EC 4173 Low Power VLSI Circuits & 3 1 0 4
Systems

SYLLABUS:
UNIT I : Basics of MOS circuits
MOS Transistor structure and device modeling , MOS Inverters, MOS Combinational
Circuits - Different Logic Families

UNIT II: Sources of Power dissipation

Dynamic Power Dissipation, Short Circuit Power, Switching Power, Glitching Power, Static
Power Dissipation, Degrees of Freedom

UNIT III: Supply Voltage Scaling Approaches

Device feature size scaling, Multi-Vdd Circuits, Architectural level approaches: Parallelism,
Pipelining, Voltage scaling using high-level transformations,Dynamic voltage scaling,Power
Management

UNIT IV: Switched Capacitance Minimization Approaches

Hardware Software Tradeoff,Bus Encoding,Two’s complement Vs Sign
Magnitude,Architectural optimization,Clock Gating,Logic styles

UNIT V: Leakage Power minimization Approaches

Variable-threshold-voltage CMOS (VTCMOS) approach,Multi-threshold-voltage CMOS
(MTCMOS) approach,Power gating,Transistor stacking,Dual-Vt assignment approach
(DTCMOS)

UNIT VI: Special Topics

Adiabatic Switching Circuits,Battery-aware Synthesis,Variation tolerant design,CAD tools
for low power synthesis

TEXT BOOKS:

1. Neil H. E. Weste and K. Eshraghian, Principles of CMOS VLSI Design, 2nd Edition,
Addison Wesley (Indian reprint).
2. A. Bellamour, and M. I. Elmasri, Low Power VLSI CMOS Circuit Design, Kluwer
Academic Press, 1995.
3. Anantha P. Chandrakasan and Robert W. Brodersen, Low Power Digital CMOS
Design, Kluwer Academic Publishers, 1995.
 Rajiv Gandhi University of Knowledge Technologies, NUZVID
Department of Electronics & Communications Engineering

Reference:

1. Kaushik Roy and Sharat C. Prasad, Low-Power CMOS VLSI Design, Wiley-
Interscience, 2000.

Title Expert Name Details of Web link

Expert
Low Power Prof Ajit Pal IIT Kharagpur http://nptel.ac.in/courses/106105034/
VLSI Circuits
& Systems
 Rajiv Gandhi University of Knowledge Technologies, NUZVID
Department of Electronics & Communications Engineering

IV Year B.Tech ECE SEMESTER-I L T P C

Code: EC 4174 Optical Communication 3 1 0 4

SYLLABUS:

UNIT - I: Overview of Fiber-optic communications and Optical Transmiter

Optical Fiber Communication, Fundamental of FOC, Optical Transmitter block diagram,
Introduction to modulation types, Laser as a oscillator, machZehnder Interferrometer, power
and Field transfer curve of MZM, Mathematical analysis of MZM transfer function,Intensity
and phase modulationof digital Data,IQ Modulator, Intensity modulation using MZM, Pulse
carver.

UNIT-II: Review of Signal and Representations and Digital modulations and

Review of EM Theroy
Basis of Fourier transform, Complex baseband and bandpass signal, Signal as a
vector, Introduction to orthogonality of signals, ASK, BPSK, Vector space and Basis
functions, signal space, Gram-schmidt orthogonalization. Optical transmitter, QPSK,
DQPSK, M-ary PSK, Direct detection, Delay line detection, polarization of wave,
pockel’s effect, reflection of waves, Optical fiber
UNIT-III: Optical Fibers
Types of fiber, Optical window, modes in optical fiber, Soultion of EH field equation
in fiber, modes in fiber an their solution, Types of dispersion, wave guide disperstion

UNIT-IV:
Coupled mode Theroy, circulator and Isolator, Filter and FBG, Responsivity of PD, Materials
for PD, PIN photodiode, I-V Characteristics of PIN, Response time, Noise in photodiode,
Bandwidth of photodiode
UNIT-V:
Renspose time, Dark Current, Thermal noise, SNR in PD, Absorption, Spontaneous
and stimulated emission, Einstein corfficients, population inversion, LASER, direct
and indirect band gaps SC’s , Transition probability matrix, Line coding, power
spectral density of various line coding, Bandwidth of various line coding, Q-factor of
various line coding, BER of various line coding, coherent receiver, Frequency offset,
Effect of Dispersion in OFS, Disperstion Management,

UNIT-VI:
OOptical amplifiers, noise in optical amplifiers, ASE induced limitations,
Determining BER in OOK system, BER determination, Eye diagram & Higher
modulation techniques Edit Lesson, Higher modulation techniques, Optical OFDM.
 Rajiv Gandhi University of Knowledge Technologies, NUZVID
Department of Electronics & Communications Engineering

Reference book :
1. Optical Fiber Communications – Gerd Keiser, Mc Graw-Hill International edition, 3rd
Edition,2000.
2. Optical Fiber Communications – John M. Senior, PHI, 2nd Edition, 2002.

Video Reference links:

Title Expert Name Details of Expert Web link

Lecture series on Prof. Pradeep IIT Kanpur http://nptel.ac.in/courses/11710412

Kumar K 7
Neural Networks
 Rajiv Gandhi University of Knowledge Technologies, NUZVID
Department of Electronics & Communications Engineering

IV Year B.Tech ECE SEMESTER-I L T P C

Code: EC 4175 Pattern Recognition 3 1 0 4

SYLLABUS:
UNIT – I:
Introduction, Feature extraction introduction, Supervised learning, Unsupervised learning,
Shape feature, Region features, Chain codes, Differential chain codes, Polygonal
approximation, Splitting (criterian function), Fourier descriptor, Spatial domain features,
Transfer domain features, Wavelet transformation.

UNIT-II:
Base decision theorem, Quadratic classifier, MLP (Multi Layer Perceptron), Priori
probability, Class conditional PDF, Postirior probability, Normal density and discriminant
functions, Normal and Gaussian density, Multivaried normal density, Binary features,
Maximum likelihood estimation, Probability density estimation.

UNIT-III:
Dimensionality problem, Dimensionality reduction, PCA (Principal component analysis),
Multiple discriminant analysis, Perceptron criterian, MSE criterian.
UNIT-IV:
Linear descriminator, Nueral networks for pattern recognition, Training algorithms, RBF
(Radial Basis Function neural network), Support vector machine.
UNIT-V:
Hyper box classifier, Min max hyper box, Fuzzy classification, Fuzzy min max neural
network introduction, Fuzzy min max neural network pattern recognition, Reflex fuzzy min
max neural network introduction.

UNIT-VI:
Unsupervised learning introduction and clustering, clustering using minimal spanning tree,
Temporal pattern recognition, Hidden markov model introduction.

Text Books:
1.Richard O. Duda, Peter E. Hart and David G. Stork, "Pattern Classification", John Wiley &
Sons, 2001.

2.Earl Gose, Richard Johsonbaugh and Steve Jost, "Pattern Recognition and Image Analysis",
Prentice Hall, 1999.
 Rajiv Gandhi University of Knowledge Technologies, NUZVID
Department of Electronics & Communications Engineering

Video Reference links:

Title Expert Name Details of Expert Web link

Lecture series on Prof.P.K.Biswas IIT Kharagpur http://nptel.ac.in/courses/11710510

1
Pattern
recognition
 Rajiv Gandhi University of Knowledge Technologies, NUZVID
Department of Electronics & Communications Engineering

IV Year B.Tech ECE SEMESTER-I L T P C

Code: EC 4181 Advanced Digital Signal Processing 3 1 0 4

SYLLABUS:
UNIT - I:
A Beginning with some practical situations, which call for multiresolution / multiscale
analysis and how time-frequency analysis and wavelets arise from them. Examples: Image
Compression, Wideband Correlation Processing, Magnetic Resonance imaging, Digital
communication.

UNIT-II:
Peicewise constant approximation-the Haar wavelet, Building up the concept of
dyadic multiresolution analysis (MRA), Relating dyadic MRA to filter banks, A
review of discrete signal processing, Elements of multirate systems and two-band
filter bank design for dyadic wavelets.

UNIT-III:
Families of wavelets: Orthogonal and biorthogonal wavelets, Daubechies family of wavelets
in detail, Vanishing moments and regularity, Conjugate quadrature filter banks (CQF) and
their desing, Dyadic MRA more formally, Data compression-fingerprint compression
standards JPEG-2000 standards.

UNIT-IV:
The uncertainty principle and its implications : the fundamental in this subject, The important
of the Gaussian function: the gabor transform and its generalization ,time, frequency and
scale, Continuous wavelet transform (CWT).

UNIT-V:
Journey from the CWT to the DWT discretization in steps, Descretization of scale,
deiscretization of translation, Discretization of time, Goint from piecewise linear to piecewise
polynomial, The class of spline wavelets.

UNIT-VI:
Variants of the wavelet transform and its implementational structures, The wavepacket
transform, Computational efficiency in realizing filter banks-polyphase components, The
lattice structure, The lifting scheme,Applications.
 Rajiv Gandhi University of Knowledge Technologies, NUZVID
Department of Electronics & Communications Engineering

REFERENCE BOOKS:
1.Howard L.Resnikoff,Raymond,O.Wells,Wavelet analysis:The Scalable Structure of
Information, Springer,1998 Available Indian Edition.
2.Stephen Welstead,Fractal and Wavelet Image Compression Techniques,Prentice Hall of
India,New Delhi. Eastern Economy Edition, ISBN 81-203-2827-2, c 1999 by Society of
Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers (SPIE).

Video Reference links:

Title Expert Name Details of Expert Web link

Lecture series on Dr.Pushkar Senior Design http://nptel.ac.in/courses/

Patwardhan, Engineer, 117101001
Advanced Digital
Tensilica,Pune
Signal Processing Dr. Aditya
Abhayankar
 Rajiv Gandhi University of Knowledge Technologies, NUZVID
Department of Electronics & Communications Engineering

IV Year B.Tech ECE SEMESTER-I L T P C

Code: EC 4182 DIGITAL VOICE AND PICTURE 3 1 0 4

COMMUNICATION

SYLLABUS:
UNIT-I:
Introduction, Speech production model, Speech coding, Sampling of speech, Quantizers for
speech signal, Uniform and nonuniform quantizer, Mew law and optimum quantizer,
Adaptive quantizer, Differential quantization.
UNIT-II:
Linear delta modulation and adaptive delta modulation, Differential PCM, Adaptive
prediction, Linear prediction of speech, Computational aspect of LPC (Linear Predictive
Coding) parameters, Cholasky decomposition, Lattice formulation of LPC coefficient, Linear
predictive synthesizer, LPC vocoder.
UNIT-III
Introduction to image and video coding, Lossy image compression, Discrete cosine transform
(DCT), DCT quantization and limitations, Theory of wavelets, Discrete wavelet transform,
Multi resolution analysis, DWT on the images and its encoding, Embedded zero tree wavelet
encoding.
UNIT-IV
Introduction to video coding, Basic building blocks in video coding, Conventional video and
streaming video, Hybrid video coding, Video decoding, Motion estimate technique, Fast
motion estimation technique.
UNIT-V:
Video coding standards, Advanced coding aspects, Profile and levels, Macro blocks, Slice
and slice types, Audio coding basic concepts, Audio coding AC-3 techniques, AC-3 decoding
techniques, MPEG-1 audio coding and decoding techniques.
UNIT-VI:
Introduction to VOIP, VOIP signal processing (H.323 protocol), H.323 call controls and
enhancements, Interworking with PSTN limitations and solution, Multiplexing schemes,
H.323 multiplexing, Header compression and BW, ISDN video conferencing, SIP protocol,
4G multimedia conferencing.

Video Reference links:

 Rajiv Gandhi University of Knowledge Technologies, NUZVID
Department of Electronics & Communications Engineering

Title Expert Name Details of Web link

Expert
Lecture series on Prof.S.Sengupta IIT http://nptel.ac.in/courses/11710508
Kharagpur 1
DIGITAL VOICE
AND PICTURE
COMMUNICATION
 Rajiv Gandhi University of Knowledge Technologies, NUZVID
Department of Electronics & Communications Engineering

IV Year B.Tech ECE SEMESTER-1 L T P C

Code: EC 4183 ERROR CORRECTING CODES 3 1 0 4

SYLLABUS:

UNIT-I:
Course overview; Basics of binary block codes for the binary symmetric channel;
Mathematical preliminaries: groups, subgroups and co sets, Linear block codes; Bounds on
the size of a block code; Bounded and maximum-likelihood decoding of binary block codes;
standard array decoding.

UNIT-II:
Basics of convolutional codes; the Viterbi decoding algorithm. The generalized distributive
law (GDL).

UNIT-III:
The GDL perspective on the Viterbi and BCJR decoding algorithms; Turbo codes in brief.,
LDPC codes.

UNIT-IV:
Fields, Polynomials rings, construction of finite fields, Deducing the structure of a finite
field, Subfields and cyclotomic co sets..

UNIT-V:
The finite field (Fourier) transform, Cyclic codes via finite field transforms, BCH and Reed-
Solomon codes, Decoding of BCH and RS codes.

Reference Books:
1. P. V. Kumar, M. Win, H-F. Lu, C. Georghiades, Â "Error-Control Coding
Techniquesand Applications", Chapter 17 in Optical Fiber Telecommunications IV-B:
Systems and Impairments, Editors: Ivan P. Kaminow and Tingye Li, Elsevier Science
Press, 2002.
2. F. J. MacWilliams and N. J. A. Sloane, The Theory of Error-Correcting Codes,
North-Holland, 1977.

Video Link: http://nptel.ac.in/courses/117108044/

 Rajiv Gandhi University of Knowledge Technologies, NUZVID
Department of Electronics & Communications Engineering

IV Year B.Tech ECE SEMESTER-I L T P C

Code: EC 4184 Neural Networks 3 1 0 4

SYLLABUS:

UNIT - I: Introduction to Artificial Neural Networks(ANN)

Artificial Neural Networks and Applications, ANN usefulness and capabilities, Equivalent
electrical model, Artificial Neural Model and Linear Regression, Gradient Descent
Algorithm, Nonlinear activation units and learning mechanisms, Basic learning rules,
Leaning Mechanisms(Hebbian, Competitive, Boltzmann), classifications of Synaptic
modification.

UNIT-II: Associative Memory and V.C(Vapnix and Chervonenkis) Dimensions

Stochastic learning algorithm, Characteristics of associative memory, Associative
memory model, Matrix Memory, Condition for Perfect recall, Statistical aspects of
learning, properties of regressive model, Neural measure of effectiveness, V.C
dimension, Shattering, Importance of V.C dimensions.

UNIT-III: Perception and Baye’s classifier

Single layer perception, Gauss-Newton’s method, Linear least scale filter, Ergodic process,
Least Mean Square Algorithm, Convergence Consideration in LSM algorithm, Perceptron
Convergence Theorem, Bayes classifier and Perceptron, Bayes classifier for Gaussian
distribution, Comparison between Baye’s classifier and perceptron, Multilayer
perceptron.

UNIT-IV: Back propagation algorithm

Back propagation algorithm, practical consideration in back propagation algorithm, Modes of
training, Solution of Non-Linearity separable problems using MLP, Heuristics for Back
Propagation, Mean and Variance induced local field, Multi-Class classification using Multi-
layered perceptrons.

UNIT-V: Radial Basis Function networks

Cover’s Theorem, RBF networks, separability and interpolation, types of phases, RBF
as ill-posed surface reconstruction, Regularization, Solution of regularization equation
: greens function, Use of greens function in regularization networks, Generalized
RBF, Comparison between MLP and RBF, Learning mechanisms in RBF.

UNIT-VI: Introduction principle components and analysis

Dimensionality Reduction Using PCA, Types of transformation, Hebbian-Based principle
component analysis, Generalized Hebbian Algorithm, Introduction to Self organizing maps,
Essential process in the formation of self organizing maps, Cooperative and adaptive
 Rajiv Gandhi University of Knowledge Technologies, NUZVID
Department of Electronics & Communications Engineering

processes in SOM, 2-D lattice, Vector quantization using SOM, Optimum encoder and
decoder.

Text Books:
1. Fuzzy and neural approaches in engineering by Tsoukalas.

Video Reference links:

Title Expert Name Details of Expert Web link

Lecture series on Prof. IIT Kharagpur http://nptel.ac.in/courses/11710508

S.Sengupta 4
Neural Networks
 Rajiv Gandhi University of Knowledge Technologies, NUZVID
Department of Electronics & Communications Engineering

IV Year B.Tech ECE SEMESTER-I L T P C

Code:EC 4185 RF IC DESIGN 3 1 0 4

SYLLABUS:
UNIT - I: Introduction

Block diagram or T/R module for a wireless communication system, Transmission lines, S-
parameters, Smith chart, Impedance matching, designing of lumped element L-matching
networks using a Smith chart. Wideband PI- and T-networks.

UNIT-II: Noise in Microwave Circuits

Noise in Microwave Circuits: Dynamic Range and Sources of Noise Power andEquivalent
Noise Temperature, Measurement of Noise Temperature, Noise Figure, Noise Figure of a
Cascaded System, Noise Figure of a PassiveTwo-Port Network, Noise Figure of a
mismatched Lossy Line. Dynamic Range and Intermodulation Distortion, Gain Compression
Intermodulation Distortion Third-Order Intercept Point, Intercept Point of a Cascaded
System.

UNIT – III: Active RF components

RF Diode Characteristics: Scotty Diodes and Detectors, PIN Diodes and Control Circuits
VaractorDiodes, Other Diodes. RF Transistor Characteristics: Field Effect Transistors,
BipolarJunctionTransistors (BJTs) Microwave Integrated Circuits Hybrid
MicrowaveIntegratedCircuits, Monolithic Microwave IntegratedCircuits

UNIT-IV: RF Amplifiers
Two-Port PowerGains , Stability ,StabilityCircles, Testsfor UnconditionalStability, Single-
Stage TransistorAmplifier Design ,Designfor MaximumGain(Conjugate Matching) ,Constant
Gain Circlesand Design for Specified Gain ,Low-NoiseAmplifier Design
,BroadbandTransistorAmplifier Design ,Balanced Amplifiers , Distributed Amplifiers .Power
Amplifiers Characteristics of PowerAmplifiers andAmplifier Classes, Large-Signal
Characterization of Transistors ,Design of ClassA PowerAmplifiers
 Rajiv Gandhi University of Knowledge Technologies, NUZVID
Department of Electronics & Communications Engineering

UNIT-V: RF Oscillators

RF Oscillators: General Analysis Oscillators Using a Common Emitter BJT, Oscillators

Using a Common Gate FET, Practical Considerations, Crystal Oscillators,
MicrowaveOscillators, Transistor Oscillators, DielectricResonator Oscillators , Oscillator
PhaseNoise ,Representation of Phase Noise
Frequency Multipliers: Reactive Diode Multipliers (Manley-Rowe Relations) Resistive Diode
Multipliers, Transistor Multipliers.

UNIT-VI: RF Mixers
Mixer Characteristics, Single-Ended Diode Mixer, Single-Ended FET Mixer, Balanced
Mixer, Image Reject Mixer, Other Mixers,

Text Books:
1. David M Pozar , “Microwave Engineering”, John Wiley, 3rd Edition, 2005
2. Guillermo Gonzalez, “Microwave Transistor Amplifiers Analysis and Design”,
prentice hall, 2nd Edition, 1997.
3. Behzad Razavi,”RF Microelectronics”, Prentice Hall, 1997.

Reference Books:
1. Joseph F. White , “High Frequency Techniques : An introduction to RF and
Microwave Engineering “ ,IEEE press ,John Wiley & sons ,2004
2. Christopher Bowick ,“RF Circuit Design”, Newnes, ,2nd Edition, 2007.ISBN
number:0750685182

Video Reference links:

Title Expert Details of Web link

Name Expert
Lecture series on RF Shouribrata IIT Delhi http://nptel.ac.in/courses/117102012/
Integrated Circuits Chatterjee
Lecture series on Prof. Jayanta IIT Bombay http://nptel.ac.in/courses/117101119/
Microwave Integrated Mukherjee
Circuits
 Rajiv Gandhi University of Knowledge Technologies, NUZVID
Department of Electronics & Communications Engineering

IV Year B. Tech ECE SEMESTER-II L T P C

Code: 4291 Detection and Estimation 3 1 0 4

SYLLABUS:
UNIT I:
Review of Gaussian variables and processes; problem formulation and objective of signal
detection and signal parameter estimation in discrete-time domain. Bayesian, minimax, and
Neyman-Pearson decision rules, likelihood ratio, receiver operating characteristics,
composite hypothesis testing, locally optimum tests, detector comparison techniques,
asymptotic relative efficiency.

UNIT II:
Matched filter detector and its performance; generalized matched filter; detection of sinusoid
with unknown amplitude, phase, frequency and arrival time, linear model.

UNIT III:
Estimator-correlator, linear model, general Gaussian detection, detection of Gaussian random
signal with unknown parameters, weak signal detection.

UNIT IV:
Detection in the absence of complete statistical description of observations, sign detector,
Wilcoxon detector, detectors based on quantized observations, robustness of detectors

UNIT V:
Minimum variance unbiased estimation, Fisher information matrix, Cramer-Rao bound,
sufficient statistics, minimum statistics, complete statistics; linear models; best linear
unbiased estimation; maximum likelihood estimation, invariance principle; estimation
efficiency; Bayesian estimation: philosophy, nuisance parameters, risk functions, minimum
mean square error estimation, maximum a posteriori estimation.

UNIT VI:
Linear Bayesian estimation, Weiner filtering, dynamical signal model, discrete Kalman
filtering.

Reference Text Books:

1. H. L. Van Trees, "Detection, Estimation and Modulation Theory: Part I, II, and III", John
Wiley, NY, 1968.
2. H. V. Poor, "An Introduction to Signal Detection and Estimation", Springer, 2/e, 1998.
 Rajiv Gandhi University of Knowledge Technologies, NUZVID
Department of Electronics & Communications Engineering

3. S. M. Kay, "Fundamentals of Statistical Signal Processing: Estimation Theory", Prentice

Hall PTR, 1993.
4. S. M. Kay, "Fundamentals of Statistical Signal Processing: Detection Theory", Prentice
Hall PTR, 1998.
 Rajiv Gandhi University of Knowledge Technologies, NUZVID
Department of Electronics & Communications Engineering

IV year BTech ECE SEMESTER-II L T P C

CODE: EC 4292 VLSI DSP 3 1 0 4

UNIT I:
Typical DSP Algorithms, DSP Application Demands and scaled CMOS Technologies,
Representations of DSP algorithms, Dataflow graph representations, loop bound and iteration
bound, iteration bound of multirate data-flow graphs

UNIT II:
Pipelining of FIR Digital Filters, Parallel processing, pipelining and parallel processing for
low power, retiming techniques, Unfolding: algorithm, properties, critical path, applications ,
Folding: transformation, register minimization in folding architectures, folding of multirate
systems

UNIT III:
Systolic array design methodology, FIR systolic arrays, selection of scheduling vector, matrix
multiplication and 2D systolic array design, cook-toom algorithm, winograd algorithm,
iterated convolution, cyclic convolution, design of fast algorithm by inspection

UNIT IV:
Parallel FIR filters, Discrete Cosine Transform and Inverse DCT, Parallel architectures for
rank-order filters, pipeline interleaving in digital filters, pipelining in 1st order IIR Digital
filters, pipelining in higher-order IIR digital filters, parallel processing for IIR filters, low-
power IIR filters

UNIT V:
Parallel multipliers, interleaved floor-plan and bit-plane-based digital filters, bit-serial
multipliers, bit-serial filter design and implementation, canonic signed digit arithmetic,
distributed arithmetic, redundant number representations, carry-free radix-2 addition and
subtraction, hybrid radix-4 addition, data format conversion, redundant to non redundant
converter

UNIT VI:
Synchronous pipelining and clocking styles, clock skew and clock distribution in bit-level
pipelined VLSI Designs, wave pipelining, constraint space diagram and degree of wave
pipelining , implementation of wave-pipelined systems

Textbooks:

1. U. Meyer-Baese, DSP with FPGA, Springer, 2004.

2. K. K. Parhi, VLSI DSP Systems, Wiley, 2003.
 Rajiv Gandhi University of Knowledge Technologies, NUZVID
Department of Electronics & Communications Engineering

IV Year B.Tech ECE SEMESTER-II L T P C

Code: EC 4293 MEASUREMENTS & 3 1 0 4

INSTRUMENTATION

SYLLABUS:

UNIT- I: Electrical Measurements

Standards of Measurement & Errors, Review of indicating and Integrating instruments
(principle of operation, different torques and etc): Voltmeter, Ammeter, Wattmeter, Multi-
meter and Energy meter.

UNIT- II: Measurement of Resistance, Inductance and Capacitance

Measurement of low, Medium and high resistances, Insulation resistance measurement, AC
bridges for inductance and Capacitance measurement.

UNIT- III: Electronic Measurements

Electronic voltmeter, Multi-meter, Wattmeter & energy meter. Time, Frequency and Phase
angle measurements using CRO, Spectrum & Wave analyzer, Digital counter, Frequency
meter, Voltmeter, Multi-meter and storage oscilloscope.

UNIT- IV: Instrumentation

Transducers, Classification & selection of transducers, Strain gauges, Inductive & capacitive
transducers, Piezoelectric and Hall-effect transducers, Thermisters, Thermocouples, Photo-
diodes & photo-transistors, Encoder type digital transducers, Signal conditioning and
telemetry, Basic concepts of smart sensors and application, Data Acquisition Systems.

UNIT-V: Data Acquisition system

A/D & D/A converters, Filter, Rectifiers, Amplifiers

UNIT-VI: Instrument Transformers

Current and Potential transfers, Ratio and phase angle errors, Design considerations and
testing.

Text Books:
1. Helfrick and Cooper, “Modern Electronic Instrumentation and Measurement
Techniques”, Prentice-Hall of India, Reprint 1988.
2. Jones, B.E., “Instrumentation Measurement and Feedback”, Tata McGraw-Hill, 1986.
3. Golding, E.W., “Electrical Measurement and Measuring Instruments”, 3rd Edition, Sir
Issac Pitman and Sons, 1960.
 Rajiv Gandhi University of Knowledge Technologies, NUZVID
Department of Electronics & Communications Engineering

Reference Books:
1. Buckingham, H. and Price, E.N., “Principles of Electrical Measurements”, 1961.
2. A course in Electronic and Electrical measurements and Instrumentation (Nineteenth
Revised Edition 2011 Reprint 2014, Dhanapati Rai & Co publications) by A.K.
Sawhney.

Video Reference links:

Currently no expert online videos are available for this course
 Rajiv Gandhi University of Knowledge Technologies, NUZVID
Department of Electronics & Communications Engineering

IV year BTech SEMESTER-II L T P C

ECE
CODE: EC 4294 High Performance Computer Architecture 3 1 0 4

SYLLABUS

UNIT I: Review of Basic Organization and Architectural Techniques

RISC processors, Characteristics of RISC processors, RISC Vs CISC, Classification of
Instruction Set Architectures, Review of performance measurements, Basic parallel
processing techniques: instruction level, thread level and process level, classification of
parallel architectures, basic concepts of pipelining, instruction pipelines versus functional
pipelines

UNIT II: Instruction Level Parallelism

Basic concepts of pipelining, Arithmetic pipelines, Instruction pipelines, Hazards in a
pipeline:structural, data and control hazards, overview of hazard resolution techniques,
dynamic instruction scheduling, branch prediction technique

UNIT III: Memory Hierarchies

Basic concept of hierarchical memory organization, main memories, cache design and
optimization, virtual memory design and implementation, memory protection, evaluating
memory hierarchy performance, RAID

UNIT IV: Thread Level Parallelism

Centralized vs distributed shared memory, Interconnection topologies, synchronization,
memory consistency, review of modern multiprocessors

UNIT V: Process Level Parallelism

Distributed computers, Clusters, Grid, Mainframe computers

UNIT VI: Peripheral Devices

Bus structures and standards, Types and uses of storage devices, Interfacing I/O to the rest of
the system, Reliability and availability, I/O system design
Textbooks:
1. Hennessey and Patterson, "Computer Architecture: A quantitative Approach",
Morgan Kaufman.
2. SIMA, “Advanced Computer Architectures”, Addison-Wesley.
 Rajiv Gandhi University of Knowledge Technologies, NUZVID
Department of Electronics & Communications Engineering

Title Expert Details of Web link

Name Expert
High Performance Prof Ajit Pal IIT http://nptel.ac.in/courses/106105033/
Computer Kharagpur
Architecture
 Rajiv Gandhi University of Knowledge Technologies, NUZVID
Department of Electronics & Communications Engineering

IV year BTech ECE SEMESTER-II L T P C

CODE: EC 4295 Introduction to machine learning 3 1 0 4

SYLLABUS:
UNIT I:
Introduction, Different types of Learning, Hypothesis space and Cross-Validation, Linear Regression,
Introduction to decision trees, Learning decision trees, overfitting, Python exercise on decision trees
and linear regression
UNIT II:
K-Nearest eighbour, feature selection, feature extraction, collaborative filtering, python exercise on
Knn and PCA,
UNIT III:
Bayesian Learning, Naïve Bayes, Bayesian Network, Python exercise on Naïve Bayes
UNIT IV
Logistic regression, Introduction to Support Vector Machine, SVM: The Dual formation, SVM:
maximum margin with noise, nonlinear SVM and Kennel function, SVM: solutions to the dual
problem , Python exercise on SVM
UNIT V:
Multilayer Neural network, Neural network and backpropagation algorithm, deep neural network,
python exercise on neural network
UNIT VI:
Introduction to computational learning theory, sample complexity: finite hypothesis space, VC
Dimension, Introduction to Ensembles, Bagging and Boosting, Clustering, means clustering,
agglomerative hierarchical clustering, python exercise on clustering
Text Books:

1.Machine Learning. Tom Mitchell. First Edition, McGraw- Hill, 1997.

2. Introduction to Machine Learning Edition 2, by Ethem Alpaydin

Video References:

Title Expert Details of Web link

Name Expert
INTRODUCTION Prof.S.Sarkar Faculty in http://nptel.ac.in/courses/106105152/
TO MACHINE Dept of
LEARNING CSE, IIT
Kharagpur