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Oligogenic and Polygenic Traits

The document discusses mutation breeding techniques for improving oligogenic and polygenic traits in plants, noting that oligogenic traits are governed by one or few genes while polygenic traits are controlled by several genes. It outlines the procedures of M1-M4 generation growth and selection for oligogenic traits, and M1-M3 generation growth and selection focusing on quantitative variation identification for polygenic traits. Mutation breeding has been successfully used to develop many new crop varieties worldwide.

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285 views4 pages

Oligogenic and Polygenic Traits

The document discusses mutation breeding techniques for improving oligogenic and polygenic traits in plants, noting that oligogenic traits are governed by one or few genes while polygenic traits are controlled by several genes. It outlines the procedures of M1-M4 generation growth and selection for oligogenic traits, and M1-M3 generation growth and selection focusing on quantitative variation identification for polygenic traits. Mutation breeding has been successfully used to develop many new crop varieties worldwide.

Uploaded by

bishant
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Agriculture & Forestry University

Rampur, Chitwan

An Assignment on Plant Breeding :


Mutation Breeding for Oligogenic and Polygenic traits

Submitted By:
Yajna Pd. Gautam Submitted TO:
Roll No: 184 Asst. Prof. Raju Kharel
Sec: C Dept. Of Genetics And
Bsg.Ag, 4th semester PLB,
AFU, Rampur
Character or traits refers to any property of an individual
showing heritable variation. It includes morphological,
physiological, biochemical and behavioural properties. Some
characters are governed by one or few genes. Such traits are
referred to as qualitative character or oligogenic character.
On the other hand, Some character are controlled by several
genes. They are known as quantitative characters or
polygenic character. The mode of Inheritance of polygenic
character is termed as Polytechnic inheritance or quantitative
inheritance.
A.Mutation breeding for Oligogenic traits.
The handling procedure described here is based on the
selection for a recessive mutant allele of an Oligogene.
1.M1: Several hundred seeds are treated with a mutagen
and are planted. In general the number of treated seed is so
adjusted as to give rise to 500 fertile M1 plant at the harvest.
Care should be taken to avoid outcrossing; this can be
achieved either by planting the M1 population or by bagging
the inflorescence.M1 plant will be chimeras for the mutant
present in heterozygous state. About 20 to 25 seeds from
each M2 Spike are harvested separately to rise the M2
progeny rows.
2. M2: About 2000 progeny rows are grown. Careful and
regular observation are made on the M2 rows but only
distinct mutation are deleted in M2 rows suspected of
containing new mutation and harvested separately to raise
individual plant progenies in M3. If the mutant is distinct, it is
selected for multiplication and testing. However, most of the
mutation will be useless for crop improvement only 1 to 3%
of M2 rows may be expected to have beneficial mutation.
Alternatively M2 may be grown as a bulk
produced by composting one or more but equal number of
seed from each M1 spike fruit or branches individual plant
are then selected in M2 and individual plant progenies are
grown in M3.
3.M3: MP3 progeny rows from individual selected plants are
grown in M3. Poor and inferior mutant row are eliminated. If
the mutant progenies are homogenous, two or more M3
progenies containing the same mutation maybe Bulked.
Mutant M3 rows are harvested in bulk for a preliminary yield
trial in M4.
4.M4: A preliminary yield trial is conducted with a suitable
check and promising mutant lines are selected for replicated
multi-location trial.
M5-M7: replicated multi location yield trial are conducted.
The outstanding lines may be released as a new variety. The
low yielding mutant line, however, should be retained for
used in hybridization programmes.
B. Mutation breeding for polygenic trait
Mutagenesis does produce genetic variation in polygenic
traits, this variation is usually as much as 50% of that
generated in F2 generation but sometimes it may be as much
as or even greater than the later.
1.M1 and M2: M1 and M2 are grown in the same ways as in
the case of oligogenic traits. In M2, vigorous, fertile and
normal looking plants that do not exhibit a mutant
phenotypes are selected and their seeds are harvested
separately to raise individual plant progeny rows in M3.
2. M3 progeny rows from individual selected plant are
grown. Careful observations are made on M3 rows for small
deviation in phenotype from parent variety. Inferior rows are
discarded . Few rows may be homogenous and would be
harvested in bulk. Selection is done in M3 rows Showing
segregation. A maturity of M3 rows would show segregation.
intensive and careful evaluation of a large number of M3
progeny rows allows identification of mutant with altered
quantitative traits.
3.M4: Bulked seed from homogenous M3 rows may be
planted in a preliminary yield trial with a suitable check,
superior progenies are selected for replicated multi-location
yield traits.
Individual Plant progenies from M3 are critically observed.
Progenies showing segregation may be subjected to selection
only if they are promising superior homogenous progenies
are harvested in bulk for preliminary yield test in M5.
4.M5-M8: Preliminary yield traits and or multi-location trial
are conducted depending upon the stage when the progenies
become homogenous. Outstanding frozen is may be released
as new varieties.
In this way large no of crop varieties have been produced by
mutation breeding all over the world.

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