Fire Pump Sizing Seminar Handout
Fire Pump Sizing Seminar Handout
AIA CES Program #: NFSATV0314
Provider #: G131
1.5 LU/HSW
Sizing Fire Pumps National Fire Sprinkler Association is a Registered Provider with The
American Institute of Architects Continuing Education Systems
(AIA/CES). Credit(s) earned on completion of this program will be
reported to AIA/CES for AIA members. Certificates of Completion
reported to AIA/CES for AIA members Certificates of Completion
for both AIA members and non‐AIA members are available upon
request.
This program is registered with AIA/CES for continuing professional
education. As such, it does not include content that may be
deemed or construed to be an approval or endorsement by the
AIA of any material of construction or any method or manner of
handling, using, distributing, or dealing in any material or product.
Questions related to specific materials, methods, and services will be
addressed at the conclusion of this presentation
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Learning Outcomes Learning Outcomes
• Identify the various types • Describe the steps
of fire pumps and their necessary for
uses. appropriately sizing a fire
pump
• Id
Identify the appropriate
tif th i t
sections of NFPA 20 that • Discuss the variables that
apply to sizing of fire impact the layout of a fire
pumps. pump and how they are
addressed
© National Fire Sprinkler Association ‐ 2011 3 4
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Pumps for Fire Protection Centrifugal Pumps
Pump Sizing Centrifugal Pump Capacities
GPM L/min GPM L/min
25 95 1000 3785
• Rated Flow (25‐5000 gpm) 50 189 1250 4731
100 379 1500 5677
150 568 2000 7570
• Rated Pressure (40‐200 net psi)
200 757 2500 9462
250 946 3000 11355
• Rated Speed 300 1136 3500 13247
400 1514 4000 15140
450 1703 4500 17032
500 1892 5000 18925
750 2839
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Impeller Variations Suction Variations
Single Suction Double Suction
Horizontal Split Case Pump Vertical Shaft Turbine Pump
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In‐Line Fire Pump End Suction
Break for Questions 7 Steps to Pump Sizing
1. Calculate system demand to pump discharge
flange
2. Calculate water supply to pump suction
flange
fl
3. Select pump so that the system flow demand
is less than 150% of the rated flow of the
pump (less than 140% recommended)
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7 Steps to Pump Sizing 7 Steps to Pump Sizing
4. Using the Manufacturer’s Pump Curve, find 6. If the discharge pressure is greater than the
the pump’s net pressure at the system demand, okay. If not, select new pump.
demand flow
7. Check maximum pressure produced by pump
5 Add
5. Add the suction pressure (at demand flow) to
th ti ( td d fl ) t and make sure that the pump does not
d k th t th d t
the net pressure (at demand flow) to get the create more pressure than the equipment
discharge pressure (at demand flow) can handle
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19 20
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Courtesy of Frank J. Herrick City of Leawood F.D.
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Suction Pressure Calculation Suction Pressure Calculation
• Find the residual pressure of the water supply • The suction pressure will be the residual
at the maximum flow for the pump at 150% of pressure from the water supply minus the
rated flow. Call this PR pressure losses.
• C
Calculate all pressure loss for both friction and
l l t ll l f b th f i ti d PS = P
PR ‐ PL
elevation between the water supply and the
pump suction flange at the maximum flow for
the pump. Call this PL
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Suction Pressure Calculation Suction Pressure Calculation
Example: 1500 gpm Pump
8” S40 AG
8 inch Ductile Pipe UG
Supply curve indicates that there is 2250 GPM @ 24 PSI
Hazen Williams Formula Hazen Williams Formula
Q = Flow / GPM
Q = Flow / GPM 4.52 Q1.85 C = Coefficient
4.52 Q1.85
C = Coefficient
FL 1.85 4.87 d = Inside Diameter
FL 1.85 4.87
d = Inside Diameter
C xd C xd
Example:
1500 gpm @ 100% / Ductile Iron/Class 54 UG (C=140) / 8 in Diam
1500 gpm @ 100% / Ductile Iron/Class 54 UG (C=140) / 8 in. Diam. 8
4.52 2250 1.85 (150%) 4.52 x 1590514.59 4
4.52 22501.85 (150%) 4.52 x 1590514.594 1.85
140 8 . 15 4 .87 7022.395 x 24718.328
1401.85 8.154.87 9339.785 x 27373.955 7189125.96 5
7189125.965 173581863. 0
255666854.3
FL/per ft. = .028 psi per ft of pipe FL = 0.41 per ft of pipe
FL in Underground Pipe = .028 psi/ft x 80 ft. = 2.24 psi FL in Aboveground Pipe = .041 psi/ft x 30 ft. = 1.23 psi
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Pump Stumper Fire Pump Sizing
• I have a system demand of 1200gpm @ 110psi, • Meets system demand
what size fire pump should I use to meet this
demand?
– 750gpm
– 1000gpm
– 1100gpm
– 150gpm
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Fire Pump Sizing Fire Pump Sizing
• Size selection normally varies from 90% to • Must not over‐pressurize the system.
140% pump capacity
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Fire Pump Sizing Permissible Performance Ranges
• Allows maximum 140%
• Pump Capacities rated net pressure at churn
– Churn – (0%) (no flow)
– Capacity – (100%)
– Peak –
P k (150%) –Exception for supply limitations,
(150%) E ti f l li it ti • R
Requires a minimum of
i i i f
but must be able to supply system demand. 65% rated net pressure at
150% of rated flow (max.
flow)
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140
Step 4 – Manufacturers Curve
130
120
110
Churn
100
Net Prressure (psi)
90 Pump Rating
80
70
60
50
40
150% of
30
Rated Flow
20
10
200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 1600
Flow (gpm)
37 © National Fire Sprinkler Association ‐ 2011 38
Discharge
Pump
Suction
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Discharge Discharge
Pump Pump
Suction Suction
Break for Questions Pump Sizing Example
• Warehouse with a sprinkler demand (calc’d
back to the discharge flange) of 1010 gpm at
125 psi
• Water
Water supply is a tank elevated 75 ft above
supply is a tank elevated 75 ft above
the centerline of pump.
• Friction loss in the suction piping is 1 psi from
the water supply to the suction flange of the
pump at 1010 gpm
43 © National Fire Sprinkler Association ‐ 2010 44
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Centrifugal Pump Capacities
GPM L/min GPM L/min
25 95 1000 3785
50 189 1250 4731
100 379 1500 5677
150 568 2000 7570
200 757 2500 9462
250 946 3000 11355
300 1136 3500 13247
400 1514 4000 15140
450 1703 4500 17032
500 1892 5000 18925
750 2839
750 gpm Pump Under Consideration
• Churn pressure = 149 psi
• Rated pressure = 115 psi at 750 gpm
• Pressure at maximum flow = 82 psi at 1125 gpm
• Pressure at 1010 gpm = 92 psi
• Can we use this pump?
A 750 gpm rated pump under consideration
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Can we use this pump? Can we use this pump?
• PD = PS + PN • PD = PS + PN
PN = 92 psi at 1010 gpm PN = 92 psi at 1010 gpm
• Need to make sure that the discharge pressure
• Need to make sure that the discharge pressure exceeds the demand of the sprinkler system
exceeds the demand of the sprinkler system – Demand of this system is 125 psi at 1010 gpm
– Demand of this system is 125 psi at 1010 gpm • Water supply pressure
– Elevation pressure = 75 x 0.433 = 32 psi
– Friction loss in suction pipe = 1 psi
– Suction pressure = 32 – 1 = 31 psi
Can we use this pump? Can we use this pump?
• PD = PS + PN PN = 92 psi at 1010 gpm
• No, pump does not produce enough pressure
• Need to make sure that the discharge pressure
at 1010 gpm
exceeds the demand of the sprinkler system
– System demand is 125 psi at 1010 gpm
– Demand of this system is 125 psi at 1010 gpm
– Discharge pressure of pump is 123 psi at 1010 gpm
Discharge pressure of pump is 123 psi at 1010 gpm
• Water supply pressure
– Elevation pressure = 75 x 0.433 = 32 psi
– Friction loss in suction pipe = 1 psi
– Suction pressure = 32 – 1 = 31 psi
• Discharge pressure = 31 + 92 = 123 psi
© National Fire Sprinkler Association ‐ 2011 51 © National Fire Sprinkler Association ‐ 2011 52
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Alter the system to use this pump? Alter the system to use this pump?
• Can the system be altered so that you could • Can the system be altered so that you could
use this pump? use this pump?
– Could raise elevated tank 5 ft to get 2 psi more
suction pressure; or
– Could redesign sprinkler system to cut down on
Could redesign sprinkler system to cut down on
• Would you want to? friction loss and reduce demand to 123 psi or less
• Would you want to?
Alter the system to use this pump?
• Can the system be altered so that you could
use this pump?
– Could raise elevated tank 5 ft to get 2 psi more
suction pressure; or
– Could redesign sprinkler system to cut down on
Could redesign sprinkler system to cut down on
friction loss and reduce demand to 123 psi or less
• Would you want to?
– At churn, pump will produce 32 + 149 = 181 psi
A 1000 gpm rated pump under consideration
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1000 gpm Pump Under Consideration Can we use this pump?
• PD = PS + PN
• Churn pressure = 129 psi PN = 104 psi at 1010 gpm
• Rated pressure = 105 psi at 1000 gpm • Need to make sure that the discharge pressure
• Pressure at maximum flow = 75 psi at 1500 gpm exceeds the demand of the sprinkler system
– Demand of this system is 125 psi at 1010 gpm
• Pressure at 1010 gpm = 104 psi
• Can we use this pump?
© National Fire Sprinkler Association ‐ 2011 58
Can we use this pump? Can we use this pump?
• PD = PS + PN • PD = PS + PN PN = 104 psi at 1010 gpm
PN = 104 psi at 1010 gpm
• Need to make sure that the discharge pressure
• Need to make sure that the discharge pressure exceeds the demand of the sprinkler system
exceeds the demand of the sprinkler system – Demand of this system is 125 psi at 1010 gpm
– Demand of this system is 125 psi at 1010 gpm • Water supply pressure
• Water supply pressure – Elevation pressure = 75 x 0.433 = 32 psi
– Elevation pressure = 75 x 0.433 = 32 psi – Friction loss in suction pipe = 1 psi
– Friction loss in suction pipe = 1 psi – Suction pressure = 32 – 1 = 31 psi
– Suction pressure = 32 – 1 = 31 psi • Discharge pressure = 31 + 104 = 135 psi
© National Fire Sprinkler Association ‐ 2011 59 © National Fire Sprinkler Association ‐ 2011 60
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Can we use this pump? Can we use this pump?
• Yes, pump produces enough pressure at 1010 • Yes, pump produces enough pressure at 1010
gpm gpm
– System demand is 125 psi at 1010 gpm – System demand is 125 psi at 1010 gpm
– Discharge pressure of pump is 135 psi at 1010 gpm
Discharge pressure of pump is 135 psi at 1010 gpm – Discharge pressure of pump is 135 psi at 1010 gpm
Discharge pressure of pump is 135 psi at 1010 gpm
• What is the maximum pressure produced by
the pump?
Can we use this pump? Pump Stumper
• Yes, pump produces enough pressure at 1010
• I have a system demand of 1200gpm @ 110psi,
gpm
what size fire pump should I use to meet this
– System demand is 125 psi at 1010 gpm
demand?
– Discharge pressure of pump is 135 psi at 1010 gpm
Discharge pressure of pump is 135 psi at 1010 gpm
– 750gpm
– 1000gpm
• What is the maximum pressure produced by – 1100gpm
the pump?
– 150gpm
– 32 + 129 = 161 psi
© National Fire Sprinkler Association ‐ 2011 63
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NFSA Resources Learning Outcomes
• Identify the various types
of fire pumps and their
uses.
• Id
Identify the appropriate
tif th i t
sections of NFPA 20 that
apply to sizing of fire
pumps.
65 © National Fire Sprinkler Association ‐ 2011 66
Learning Outcomes Thank You
• Describe the steps
necessary for For More Information on NFSA On‐Line and
appropriately sizing a fire In‐Class Seminars
pump
Visit www.nfsa.org or www.nfsa.tv
• Discuss the variables that
impact the layout of a fire
pump and how they are
addressed
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