Dräger Medizintechnik

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Contents

1 General Information About Fabius 5

2 Fabius Function Diagrams 8

2.1 Optional Uninterruptible Power Supply (UPS) ...................................................... 10

3 Function Diagram (2-gas version) 11

4 Function Diagram (3-gas version) 12

5 Function Description of the Gas Box 13

5.1 S-ORC (Sensitive Oxygen Ratio Controller) ........................................................... 15

6 Compact Breathing System "Cosy" /

Circle Absorption System "Circle System 9 Fabius" 17

6.1 Compact Breathing System "Cosy" ...........................................................................17

6.1.1 Function Description of the Compact Breathing System "Cosy" ..... 19

6.1.2 Cosy Absorber ............................................................................................. 26

6.2 Circle Absorption System "Circle System 9 Fabius" ............................................ 27

6.2.1 Function Description of the Circle Absorption System ...................... 29

6.2.2 Absorber ....................................................................................................... 36

7 Ventilation Unit 37

7.1 Ventilator ......................................................................................................................... 37

7.1.1 Function Principle of the Ventilator ......................................................... 38

7.2 Pneumatics .................................................................................................................... 39

7.2.1 Function Principle of the Pneumatic Control of the Ventilator .......... 40

For internal use only. Copyright reserved.

7.3 Function Description of the Electronic PEEP Valve ..............................................41

7.3.1 Expiration .......................................................................................................41

7.3.2 Inspiration ......................................................................................................41

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Contents

8 Patient System 42

8.1 Safety Valve of the Patient System ........................................................................... 43

8.2 Auxiliary Air Valve of the Patient System .................................................................. 44

9 Electronics Block Diagram 45

10 Control Box 46

10.1 Power Supply Unit ........................................................................................................ 48

10.1.1 Power Supply PCB ..................................................................................... 48

10.2 Control PCB .................................................................................................................. 50

10.3 Control PCB Block Diagram ......................................................................................51

10.3.1 Microcontroller ............................................................................................ 52

10.3.2 Quartz Oscillator ......................................................................................... 52

10.3.3 EPROM ......................................................................................................... 52

10.3.4 EEPROM ...................................................................................................... 52

10.3.5 RAM ............................................................................................................... 52

10.3.6 Latch .............................................................................................................. 52

10.3.7 Voltage Transformer ................................................................................... 52

10.3.8 Oxygen Concentration Evaluation ........................................................... 52

10.3.9 Voltage Monitoring Circuit/Voltage Monitor ......................................... 52

10.3.10 LED Control ................................................................................................. 53

10.3.11 2-Min Silence Timer .................................................................................... 53

10.3.12 Buzzer and Buzzer Control ....................................................................... 53

10.3.13 Contrast Control ......................................................................................... 53

For internal use only. Copyright reserved.

10.3.14 9V Rechargeable Battery .......................................................................... 53

10.4 Power PCB .................................................................................................................... 54

10.5 Power PCB Block Diagram ........................................................................................ 55

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10.5.1 Microcontroller ............................................................................................ 56

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Contents

10.5.2 Quartz Oscillator ......................................................................................... 56

10.5.3 EPROM ......................................................................................................... 56

10.5.4 Latch .............................................................................................................. 56

10.5.5 MOSFET Amplifier ...................................................................................... 56

10.5.6 Voltage Transformer for the Backlighting Lamp ................................... 56

10.5.7 PEEP Valve Control .................................................................................... 56

10.5.8 Light Barrier Evaluation of the Motor ...................................................... 56

10.5.9 System Temperature Monitoring .............................................................. 57

10.5.10 Quadrature Encoder .................................................................................. 57

10.5.11 Safety Relay .................................................................................................. 57

10.5.12 Fan Control ................................................................................................... 57

10.6 Graphics Display .......................................................................................................... 58

10.7 Front Panel ..................................................................................................................... 59

10.7.1 Membrane Keypad ...................................................................................... 59

10.7.2 Man/Spont Key ............................................................................................ 59

10.7.3 IPPV Key ....................................................................................................... 59

10.7.4 Pmax Key ....................................................................................................... 59

10.7.5 VT Key ............................................................................................................ 59

10.7.6 TI:TE Key ....................................................................................................... 59

10.7.7 TIP:TI Key ...................................................................................................... 59

10.7.8 PEEP Key ...................................................................................................... 60

10.7.9 Limit Values Key ........................................................................................... 60

10.7.10 Calibration Key (–0–) ................................................................................. 60

For internal use only. Copyright reserved.

10.7.11 2-Min Silence Key ....................................................................................... 60

10.7.12 Standby Key ................................................................................................. 60

10.7.13 Menu Key ...................................................................................................... 60

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10.7.14 Screen Page Key ......................................................................................... 60

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Contents

10.7.15 Control Knob ................................................................................................ 60

10.8 Interface .......................................................................................................................... 60

11 FiO2 Measurement 61

12 Flow Measurement 62

13 Anesthetic Vaporizer "Vapor 19.n" 63

For internal use only. Copyright reserved.
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1 General Information About Fabius

The Fabius basic unit consists of the following assemblies:

− control box
− gas box (on rear panel of Fabius)
− flowmeter block
− compact breathing system "Cosy"/circle absorption system "Circle System 9/Fabius"
− pneumatics
− ventilator (located in the swing-out part of Fabius)
− anesthetic vaporizer "Vapor 19.n"
− trolley

control box
ventilator
O2 +

S-ORC
flowmeter block

anesthetic vaporizer
compact breathing „Vapor 19.n“
system

Fabius

trolley

Fig. 1: Fabius equipped with a compact breathing system "Cosy"

For internal use only. Copyright reserved.
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circle absorption
control box
system

O2 +
flowmeter block
S-ORC

ventilator
anesthetic vaporizer
max. 134 C
5
"Vapor 19.n"
10
30
50
70

Fabius

trolley

Fig. 2: Fabius equipped with a circle absorption system "Circle System 9 Fabius"
For internal use only. Copyright reserved.
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Fabius provides connections for the following medical gas cylinders:
− O2 cylinder
− N2O cylinder

Fabius can be retrofitted with the following assemblies/functions:

− drawer assembly
− rechargeable batteries for uninterruptible power supply (UPS)
− additional gas (AIR)
− cylinder set mount
For internal use only. Copyright reserved.
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2 Fabius Function Diagrams

Paw
fresh-gas inspiratory
decoupling valve valve
fresh gas

O2
auxiliary air valve lung

safety valve
ventilator
breathing bag

absorber

expiratory valve PEEP control valve

.
V
APL valve

SPONT/ IPPV
electronic PEEP
valve
MAN

piston pump
outlet

Fig. 3: Function diagram of Fabius with compact breathing system "Cosy"

For internal use only. Copyright reserved.
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Paw
inspiratory valve

fresh-gas
ventilator decoupling valve O2

lung

fresh gas
2nd absorber (optional)

1st absorber expiratory valve and

PEEP valve

flow

APL valve

electronic
SPONT/ PEEP valve
IPPV

breathing MAN
bag

piston pump
outlet
For internal use only. Copyright reserved.

Fig. 4: Function diagram of Fabius with circle absorption system "Circle System 9 Fabius"
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2.1 Optional Uninterruptible Power Supply (UPS)

The uninterruptible power supply (UPS) consists of two rechargeable batteries. These
rechargeable batteries are connected in series thus providing a total voltage of 24 V. The
UPS is charged during the operation phases. In the event of a voltage drop or a complete
power failure, the UPS can backup operation for approx. 60 minutes. The UPS is located in
the gas box. Connection is made on the rear panel of the control box.

control box

5 V regulator

ventilator
uninteruptible power monitor
supply (UPS)

Fig. 5: Block diagram of Fabius’ voltage supply

For internal use only. Copyright reserved.
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For internal use only. Copyright reserved.

5330.200 Fabius

Fig. 6: Function Diagram (2-gas version)

3
fresh gas

whistle flowmeter block

Function Diagram (2-gas version)

gas box

flow control valve

RV1 flowmeters
injector O2 flush

reservoir
suction ejector
anesthetic
vaporizer
filter
pressure regulator
02/99

filter

pressure regulator

Dräger Medizintechnik
S-ORC
pressure
O2 N2O gauges
Function Description

filter
O2

N2O
non-return valves
filter

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5330.200 Fabius

Fig.

4
7: Function Diagram of the Fabius (3-gas version) fresh gas

flowmeter block

Function Diagram (3-gas version)

gas box whistle

flowmeters
flow control valve
RV1
injector O2 flush

reservoir
suction ejector
3 bar anesthetic
vaporizer
filter 1.5 bar
02/99

filter 2 bar

pressure regulators

Dräger Medizintechnik
S-ORC
pressure
O2 N2O gauges
Function Description

O2

AIR

N2O
non-return valves

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5 Function Description of the Gas Box

The supply gases flow through the built-in filters of the compressed-gas connections and are
then available at the pressure gauges. The pressure gauges indicate the current pressure of
the supply gases. The non-return valves prevent a reverse flow. The pressure of the supply
gases is reduced by pressure regulators. The low-pressure supply gases then flow to the
flowmeter block. As soon as the O2 supply gas has reached a sufficient pressure, it flows
through the spring-loaded non-return valve RV 1 and fills the reservoir.

If the O2 supply fails or if the pressure of the O2 supply gas decreases below a certain value,
the 2-way valve switches over. The gas stored in the reservoir flows through the 2-way valve
and the injector and activates the whistle (audible O2-failure alarm).

gas box 2-way valve

whistle

RV1
injector O2 flush

reservoir to the
suction ejector anesthetic
vaporizer

to the flowmeter

filter
to the flowmeter
filter
to the flowmeter

pressure regulators

pressure
O2 N2O gauges

filter
O2
supply gases

AIR
For internal use only. Copyright reserved.

N2O
non-return valves
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Fig. 8: Function diagram of the gas box (3-gas version), part 1

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If the O2-flush button is pressed, the fresh-gas ejector prevents the fresh gas from flowing
back into the anesthetic vaporizer. This avoids an increase in the anesthetic gas
concentration.

fresh-gas ejector fresh gas

O2 flush

anesthetic
vaporizer

Fig. 9: Function diagram of the gas box (3-gas version), part 2

For internal use only. Copyright reserved.
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5.1 S-ORC (Sensitive Oxygen Ratio Controller)

The S-ORC is a control element that functions like an N2O shut-off device and ensures a vital
O2 concentration in the fresh gas. In the event of an O2 shortage, the S-ORC limits the N2O
flow such that the O2 concentration in the fresh gas does not decrease below 21 vol.%. For
the S-ORC to function properly O2 and N2O must have different pressures.

If the O2 flow control valve is closed or if the O2 flow is lower than or equal to 200 mL/min,
the S-ORC interrupts the N2O flow.

N2O can be added as of an O2 flow of approx. 300 mL/min. In this case, the S-ORC also
prevents O2 concentrations below 21 vol.%.

fresh gas
from the O2 flush

flowmeter block

flowmeters

flow control valve

anesthetic
vaporizer
from the gas box (O2)

from the gas box (AIR)

safety valve
(<1 bar)

S-ORC

from the gas box (N2O)

Fig. 10: S-ORC function diagram, part 1

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The flow control valves are used to adjust the O2 and N2O flows.

Restrictors located at the outlets of the S-ORC generate back-pressures. These

back-pressures exert a force on the control diaphragms of the S-ORC. The O2 back-pressure
opens the S-ORC. The N2O back-pressure closes the S-ORC. The pressure ratio at the
control diaphragm affects the N2O flow.

The restrictors and the spring tension are dimensioned such that a minimum concentration of
21 vol.% O2 is always ensured. The maximum O2 flow is approx. 9 L/min.

O2 N2O

flowmeters

restrictors

control
diaphragms
N2O check valve

operating-point
adjusting screw

O2 N2O

flow control valves

Fig. 11: S-ORC function diagram, part 2

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6 Compact Breathing System "Cosy" /
Circle Absorption System "Circle System 9 Fabius"

Fabius is either equipped with a compact breathing system "Cosy" or with a circle absorption
system "Circle System 9 Fabius". They have the same function.

6.1 Compact Breathing System "Cosy"

The compact breathing system "Cosy" allows three modes of patient ventilation: manual
ventilation, spontaneous breathing, intermittent positive pressure ventilation (IPPV). The APL
valve (adjustable pressure limiting valve) has a selector which can be used to toggle between
"MAN" and "IPPV/SPONT".

In the "MAN" position, the compact breathing system is closed to atmosphere. This position
is the default position for manual ventilation of the patient. The APL valve opening pressure
can be adjusted from 5 to 70 hPa (mbar).

In the "IPPV/SPONT" position the APL valve is open to atmosphere. This position is the
default position for intermittent positive pressure ventilation and spontaneous breathing.

The pressure limit (Pmax) can also be adjusted during IPPV from 20 hPa (mbar) to 70 hPa
(mbar) using the control box.
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11

10 1

9 2

3
8
4
7
6

12 17
13
16
14

15

Fig. 12: Compact breathing system "Cosy"

Key

1 PEEP valve/PEEP control port 9 Expiratory valve

2 Clamping screw 10 Expiratory port
3 MAN/SPONT-IPPV selector 11 Flow sensor
(APL valve) 12 Fresh-gas port
4 Fresh-gas decoupling valve 13 Ventilator port
For internal use only. Copyright reserved.

5 Breathing bag mount 14 Anesthetic gas scavenging port

6 Inspiratory port 15 Absorber
7 Inspiratory valve 16 Pressure sensor connector
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8 Breathing bag terminal 17 Sample-gas return line port (optional)

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6.1.1 Function Description of the Compact Breathing System "Cosy"

Manual Ventilation: General

During manual ventilation, the APL valve is set to the "MAN" position. The patient system
safety valve is activated. Only the warnings/alarms for the lower O2 limit and for the upper
airway pressure (Paw) are enabled. The piston of the ventilator is in the upper end position in
order to reduce the dead space volume of the ventilator.

Manual Ventilation: Inspiration

During inspiration, expiratory valve 1 remains closed. When the clinician compresses the
breathing bag 2 the gas mixture (expiratory gas and fresh gas) flows through the fresh-gas
decoupling valve 3, the inspiratory valve 4, the O2 sensor 5, the inspiratory hose 6, and the
Y-piece into the patient’s lung 7. The pressure sensor 8 measures the airway pressure. The
APL valve 9 limits the ventilation pressure. Any excess amount of the gas mixture flows
through the APL valve 9 and the non-return valve 10 to the anesthetic gas scavenging
system.

3 4
fresh gas

5 6
2
7

9
MAN

10
For internal use only. Copyright reserved.

Fig. 13: Manual ventilation (inspiration)

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Manual Ventilation: Expiration

During expiration, the inspiratory valve 1 remains closed and thus prevents the expiratory gas
from flowing back into the inspiratory branch.

After releasing the breathing bag 2, the expiratory gas from the lung 3 flows through the
expiratory hose 4, the flow sensor 5, the PEEP control valve 6, the expiratory valve 7, and
through the absorber 8 into the breathing bag 2. At the same time, new fresh gas flows into
the breathing bag 2.

1
fresh gas

2 3

8 4

7 6 5

MAN

Fig. 14: Manual ventilation (expiration)

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Spontaneous Breathing: General

A prerequisite for spontaneous breathing is that the patient is supplied with a sufficient
amount of fresh gas. The APL valve selector must be set to the "SPONT/IPPV" position. No
pressure builds up in the compact breathing system. Only the warnings/alarms for the lower
O2 limit and for the upper airway pressure (Paw) are enabled.

Spontaneous Breathing: Inspiration

During inspiration, the expiratory valve 1 remains closed thus preventing rebreathing of
expiratory gas containing CO2.

The patient inhales the gas mixture (expiratory gas and fresh gas) from the breathing bag 2.
The gas mixture flows through the fresh-gas decoupling valve 3, the inspiratory valve 4, the
O2 sensor 5, the inspiratory hose 6, and through the Y-piece into the lung 7. The pressure
sensor 8 measures the airway pressure.

8
3 4
fresh gas
5
6
2 7

SPONT/
IPPV

Fig. 15: Spontaneous breathing (inspiration)

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Spontaneous Breathing: Expiration

During expiration, the inspiratory valve 1 remains closed thus preventing the expiratory gas
from flowing back into the inspiratory branch.

The APL valve 2 is open, irrespective of its pressure setting.

The expiratory gas flows from the lung 3 through the expiratory hose 4, the flow sensor 5, the
PEEP control valve 6, the expiratory valve 7, and through the absorber 8 into the breathing
bag 9. At the same time, new fresh gas flows into the breathing bag.

When the breathing bag is full, any excess gas mixture flows through the non-return valve 10
into the anesthetic gas scavenging system.

1
fresh gas

9 3

8 4

7 6 5

SPONT/
IPPV

10

Fig. 16: Spontaneous breathing (expiration)

The CO2 is scrubbed from the expiratory gas by the soda lime contained in the absorber 8.
For internal use only. Copyright reserved.

The fresh gas replaces the anesthetic and oxygen taken up by the patient.
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Intermittent Positive Pressure Ventilation (IPPV): General

A prerequisite for IPPV is that the patient is supplied with a sufficient amount of fresh gas.
The APL valve selector must be set to the "SPONT/IPPV" position.

If the APL valve selector is not set to the "SPONT/IPPV" position, the pressure in the
breathing system will increase.

The safety valve of the patient system makes sure that no pressures greater than 80 hPa
(mbar) build up in the system. The pressure limit (Pmax) can be adjusted on the control box.
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Intermittent Positive Pressure Ventilation (IPPV): Inspiration

During inspiration, the PEEP control valve 1 remains closed. The control pressure present at
the PEEP control valve 1 varies with the set pressure limit (Pmax).

The pressure generated by the ventilator’s piston closes the fresh-gas decoupling valve 2.
The gas mixture (expiratory gas and fresh gas) flows through the inspiratory valve 3, the O2
sensor 4, the inspiratory hose 5, and through the Y-piece into the lung 6. The pressure
sensor 7 measures the airway pressure. The ventilation pressure cannot exceed the pressure
limit (Pmax) set on the control box because the PEEP control valve 1 opens. The fresh gas
then fills the breathing bag 8.

Any excess fresh gas flows through the open APL valve 9, and through the non-return valve
10 into the anesthetic gas scavenging system.

7
2 3
fresh gas
4
5
8
6

9
SPONT/
IPPV

10

Fig. 17: Intermittent positive pressure ventilation (inspiration)

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Intermittent Positive Pressure Ventilation (IPPV): Expiration

During expiration, the inspiratory valve 1 remains closed thus preventing rebreathing into the
inspiratory branch.

The expiratory gas from the lung 2 flows through the expiratory hose 3, the flow sensor 4, the
PEEP control valve 5, the expiratory valve 6, and through the absorber 7 back into the
breathing bag 8 mixing with fresh gas also flowing into the breathing bag.

The ventilator’s piston moves back drawing the gas mixture needed for the next inspiration
into the piston space.

Any excess fresh-gas flows through the APL valve 9, and through the non-return valve 10 into
the anesthetic gas scavenging system.

1
fresh gas

8 2

3
7

6 5 4

9
SPONT/
IPPV

10

Fig. 18: Intermittent positive pressure ventilation (expiration)

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6.1.2 Cosy Absorber

The absorber is filled with humidified soda lime. The soda lime scrubs CO2 from the
respiratory gas and, because it is humidified, it prevents any absorption of anesthetics.

Spent soda lime changes its color. The soda lime must be replaced when two thirds of the
soda lime in a canister are discolored.
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6.2 Circle Absorption System "Circle System 9 Fabius"

The circle absorption system "Circle System 9 Fabius" allows three modes of patient
ventilation: manual ventilation, spontaneous breathing, intermittent positive pressure
ventilation (IPPV). The APL valve (adjustable pressure limiting valve) has a selector which can
be used to toggle between "MAN" and "IPPV/SPONT".

In the "MAN" position, the compact breathing system is closed to atmosphere. This position
is the default position for manual ventilation of the patient. The APL valve opening pressure
can be adjusted from 5 to 70 hPa (mbar).

In the "IPPV/SPONT" position the APL valve is open to atmosphere. This position is the
default position for intermittent positive pressure ventilation and spontaneous breathing.

The pressure limit (Pmax) can also be adjusted during IPPV from 20 hPa (mbar) to 70 hPa
(mbar) using the control box.
For internal use only. Copyright reserved.
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1
18
2
17

16 3
4

5
15
14

13
12 6

11

7
10

Fig. 19: Circle absorption system "Circle System 9 Fabius"

Key

1 Inspiratory valve 10 Non-return valve

2 Pressure-measuring port (Paw) 11 APL valve
3 Fresh-gas decoupling valve 12 MAN/SPONT-IPPV selector
4 Fresh-gas port 13 Flow sensor
5 First absorber 14 Expiratory valve
6 Second absorber (optional) 15 PEEP valve
For internal use only. Copyright reserved.

7 Clamping screw 16 Ventilator port

8 Breathing bag 17 Inspiratory port
9 Anesthetic gas scavenging port 18 O2 sensor
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6.2.1 Function Description of the Circle Absorption System

Manual Ventilation: General

During manual ventilation, the APL valve is set to the "MAN" position. The safety valve of the
patient system is activated. Only the warnings/alarms for the lower O2 limit and the upper
airway pressure limit (Paw) are enabled.

Manual Ventilation: Inspiration

When the clinician compresses the breathing bag 1, the gas mixture (expiratory and fresh
gas) flows through the absorber 2, the open fresh-gas decoupling valve 3, the open
inspiratory valve 4, the inspiratory hose 5, and through the Y-piece 6 into the lung 7. The CO2
contained in the gas mixture is scrubbed by the soda lime in the absorbers 2. The ventilation
pressure is limited by the APL valve 8. The expiratory valve 9 remains closed. Any excess
amount of the gas mixture flows through the APL valve 8, and the non-return valve 10 into the
anesthetic gas scavenging system 11.

5 3

2
7

10
1

11
For internal use only. Copyright reserved.

Fig. 20: Manual ventilation (inspiration)

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Manual Ventilation: Expiration

During expiration, the inspiratory valve 1 remains closed thus preventing the expiratory gas
from flowing back into the inspiratory branch.

After releasing the breathing bag 2, the expiratory gas flows through the open expiratory
valve 3 and the flow sensor 4 into the breathing bag 2. At the same time, fresh gas from the
fresh-gas port 5 flows through the absorber(s) into the breathing bag 2.

Fig. 21: Manual ventilation (expiration)

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Spontaneous Breathing: General

A prerequisite for spontaneous breathing is that the patient is supplied with a sufficient
amount of fresh gas. The APL valve selector must be set to the "IPPV/SPONT" position. No
pressure builds up in the circle absorption system. Only the warnings/alarms for the lower
O2 limit and the upper airway pressure limit (Paw) are enabled.

Spontaneous Breathing: Inspiration

During inspiration, the expiratory valve 1 remains closed and prevents rebreathing of
expiratory gas containing CO2.

The patient inhales the gas mixture from the breathing bag 2. The gas mixture flows through
the absorber(s) 3, the open inspiratory valve 4, the inspiratory hose 5, and the Y-piece 6.
Additional fresh gas is supplied to the patient through the fresh-gas port 7.

4
5
7

Fig. 22: Spontaneous Breathing (inspiration phase)

For internal use only. Copyright reserved.

The CO2 is scrubbed from the expiratory gas by the soda lime contained in the absorber(s)
3. The fresh gas replaces the anesthetic and the oxygen taken up by the patient.
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Spontaneous Breathing: Expiration

During expiration, the inspiratory valve 1 remains closed thus preventing the expiratory gas
from flowing back into the inspiratory branch.

The APL valve 2 is open, irrespective of the current pressure setting.

The expiratory gas flows through the expiratory hose 3, the open expiratory valve 4, the flow
sensor 5, into the breathing bag 6. At the same time, fresh gas from the fresh-gas port 7
flows through the absorber(s) 8 into the breathing bag 6.

When the breathing bag 6 is full, any excess gas mixture flows through the non-return valve 9
into the anesthetic gas scavenging system 10.

2
4

10
6

Fig. 23: Spontaneous breathing (expiration)

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Intermittent Positive Pressure Ventilation (IPPV): General

A prerequisite for IPPV is that the patient is supplied with a sufficient amount of fresh gas.
The APL valve selector must be set to the "IPPV/SPONT" position.

If the APL valve selector is not set to the "IPPV/SPONT" position, the pressure in the
breathing system will increase.

The safety valve of the patient system limits the pressure to 80 hPa (mbar). The desired
pressure limit (Pmax) can be adjusted on the control box.
For internal use only. Copyright reserved.
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Intermittent Positive Pressure Ventilation (IPPV): Inspiration

During inspiration, the inspiratory valve 1 remains open. The PEEP valve closes the
expiratory valve 2. A control pressure, which varies with the pressure limit (Pmax) set on the
control box, is applied to the PEEP valve.

The gas mixture (expiratory and fresh gas) from the ventilator 3 flows through the hose 4, the
inspiratory valve 1, the inspiratory hose 5, and through the Y-piece 6 into the lung 7. The
ventilation pressure cannot exceed the pressure limit (Pmax) set on the control box. The fresh
gas flows through the absorbers and fills the breathing bag.

Any excess amount of fresh gas flows through the APL valve 8 and the non-return valve 9 into
the anesthetic gas scavenging system 10.

5
fresh gas

PEEP valve

7
4
8
ventilator

10

Fig. 24: Intermittent positive pressure ventilation (inspiration)

If the inspiratory pressure exceeds the set pressure limit (Pmax), the PEEP valve opens. Any
excess gas flows through the PEEP valve, and the flow sensor into the circle absorption
For internal use only. Copyright reserved.

system.
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Intermittent Positive Pressure Ventilation: Expiration

During expiration, the inspiratory valve 1 remains closed thus preventing rebreathing into the
inspiratory branch.

The expiratory gas flows through the expiratory valve 2, the flow sensor 3, back into the
breathing bag 4 and, at the same time, mixes with the fresh-gas from the fresh gas port 5.

The ventilator piston moves back drawing the gas mixture needed for the next inspiration into
the piston space.

The excess fresh gas flows through the APL valve 6, and through the non-return valve 7 into
the anesthetic gas scavenging system 8.

PEEP valve

2 ventilator

6
3

7
8

Fig. 25: Intermittent positive pressure ventilation (expiration)

Intermittent Positive Pressure Ventilation: Expiration with PEEP

For internal use only. Copyright reserved.

A PEEP value is adjusted on the control box. The corresponding PEEP control pressure is
applied to the diaphragm of the PEEP valve. The diaphragm plate of the PEEP valve pushes
the mica disc of the expiratory valve which closes the crater. If the pressure of the expiratory
gas exceeds the set PEEP value, the expiratory valve 2 opens.
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6.2.2 Absorber

The absorber is filled with humidified soda lime. The soda lime scrubs the CO2 from the
respiratory gas and, because it is humidified, it prevents any absorption of anesthetics.

Spent soda lime changes its color. The soda lime must be replaced when two thirds of the
soda lime in a canister are discolored.
For internal use only. Copyright reserved.
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7 Ventilation Unit

The ventilation unit consists of the ventilator and the pneumatics.

The ventilation unit is powered with DC voltage from the control box or, in the event of mains
power failure, from the uninterruptible power supply (UPS). The ventilator delivers the fresh
gas (at a given volume, pressure, and frequency) which comes from the flowmeter block and
from the breathing bag to the patient. During expiration, the bag-type rolling seal of the
ventilator fills with the expiratory gas from the patient and with the fresh gas stored in the
breathing bag.

During inspiration, a specific amount of this gas mixture is delivered to the patient. A safety
valve limits the ventilation pressure.

If the fresh gas in the machine is not sufficient, the ventilator draws in ambient air through the
auxiliary air valve located in the patient system.

7.1 Ventilator

The ventilator is mounted into the swivel-out compartment of Fabius. The cover of the
ventilator has a connection for the respiratory hose of the circle absorption system or
compact breathing system, respectively. The ventilator is powered electrically. Its control
system and keypad are located in/on the control box. The control box also contains the basic
monitoring system. A sight window on the swivel out compartment allows the clinician to
watch the movement of the rolling seals.
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7.1.1 Function Principle of the Ventilator

The ventilator consists of a piston and a cylinder. The recirculating ball screw driven by the
motor moves the piston. When the piston moves back it slides completely over the motor. The
incremental encoder determines the number of motor rotations and transmits the
corresponding signal to the microprocessor. The rolling seal is attached to the piston. The
bag-type rolling seal encloses the inspiratory volume.

patient system

cylinder
bag-type
rolling seal

rolling seal piston

recirculating ball screw

motor

incremental encoder

Fig. 26: Sectional view of the ventilator

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7.2 Pneumatics

The pneumatics comprises the following subassemblies:

− electronic PEEP valve
− Pneumatic Control PCB
− piston pump
− pressure sensor

X5
X6
X4
X1

electronic Pneumatic
X3
PEEP valve Control PCB
X2

piston pump
pressure sensor

Fig. 27: Top view of the pneumatics

For internal use only. Copyright reserved.
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7.2.1 Function Principle of the Pneumatic Control of the Ventilator

The piston pump generates a vacuum required for the bag-type rolling seal and the rolling
seal of the ventilator as well as the control pressure for the PEEP valve. The spring-loaded
non-return valve limits the vacuum to −200 hPa (mbar). A pressure sensor measures the
current pressure and converts the pressure value into a corresponding electrical signal. This
signal is transmitted to the microprocessor. The reservoir V1 "smooths" the flow to the
electronic PEEP valve. The combination of filter and reservoir V2 dampen the noise.

pneumatics
electronic PEEP
valve
E reservoir V1
P
ventilator piston
pump

to the PEEP valve/

expiratory valve

–200 hPa (mbar)

filter

reservoir V2

Fig. 28: Function diagram of the pneumatic control of the ventilator

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7.3 Function Description of the Electronic PEEP Valve

7.3.1 Expiration

The piston pump generates a gas flow. This gas flow is directed to the electronic PEEP valve.

If an endexpiratory PEEP value has been set on the control box, this value corresponds to a
specific electrical current. The current flows across the coil of the electronic PEEP valve. The
diaphragm closes the crater. The electronic PEEP valve generates a control pressure. This
control pressure is applied to the mechanical PEEP valve. The patient can only exhale up to
the set PEEP value.

7.3.2 Inspiration

During inspiration, the electronic PEEP valve generates a control pressure which
corresponds to the set pressure limit (Pmax).

electronic PEEP valve

flow from piston pump
to the PEEP control valve

to atmosphere

coil

diaphragm

Fig. 29: Function diagram of the electronic PEEP valve

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8 Patient System

The patient system provides the connection between Fabius and the patient.

auxiliary-air valve

patient connection

safety valve
patient system

Fig. 30: Top view of the patient system

For internal use only. Copyright reserved.
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8.1 Safety Valve of the Patient System

If the pressure limit (Pmax) is exceeded considerably, or if the pressure limit control fails, the
patient system safety valve limits the gas pressure. This safety valve is permanently set to a
working pressure of 60 hPa (mbar) to 80 hPa (mbar).

screw

spring

valve disc
washer

Fig. 31: Sectional view of the safety valve

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8.2 Auxiliary Air Valve of the Patient System

The auxiliary air valve allows the patient to spontaneously breathe ambient air should the
medical gas supply and/or Fabius fail. The opening pressure of the auxiliary air valve is
0 to –5 hPa (mbar).

threaded ring

valve seat

valve disc

valve cross with spring

Fig. 32: Sectional view of the auxiliary air valve

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 GBF5330200T01.fm 30.04.99

For internal use only. Copyright reserved.

Control PCB Buzzer Power PCB Power Supply PCB

Flow channel 2-min
Flow sensor
silence
Fan RAM Peripherals
Paw P(t) channel Transformer

5330.200 Fabius
110VAC/
O2 sensor O2 channel 220VAC
EPROM EPROM

Microcontroller
EEPROM
Microcontroller
RAM
Voltage supply
Relay

±12V
External battery
Voltage
Quadrature transformer

Fig. 33: Electronics block diagram

5V voltage Discrete Voltage Current
encoder
monitoring peripherals transformer

5V

02/99
Electronics Block Diagram

24V
Pump on/off

Front Panel Ventilator Pneumatics

Piston
Graphics pump
Limit switch Pneumatic
display
Control PCB
To mechanical PEEP valve
Piston Electronic PEEP
LEDs
valve
Pressure
Keys sensor
Encoder

Motor
Control
knob

Function Description
0–0.6A
Dräger Medizintechnik

Page 45
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 Dräger Medizintechnik
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10 Control Box

11

10 1

9 2

8 3

7 6 5

Fig. 34: Top view of the control box

Key

1 Power Supply PCB

2 Mains filter
3 Mains transformer
4 Front panel (front frame and membrane keypad)
5 Control knob
6 Power PCB
7 Graphics display and backlighting lamp
8 Control PCB
9 Rechargeable battery
10 Differential pressure sensor (flow)
For internal use only. Copyright reserved.

11 Airway pressure sensor (Paw)

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1 2 3 4

1 AT
ON

OFF
1 AT

Paw V-Sensor
8 1

15 9

m
Interface M Interface C O2-Sensor

9 8 7 6 5

Fig. 35: Rear View of the Control Box

Key

1 Mains supply receptacle with mains fuses

2 ON/OFF switch
3 Equipotential bonding pin
4 Flow sensor port
5 O2 sensor port
6 Pressure sensor port (Paw)
7 Motor connector
8 Pneumatics connector
9 Power cord clamp
For internal use only. Copyright reserved.
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10.1 Power Supply Unit

The power supply unit consists of the Power Supply PCB, the mains supply receptacle, the
ON/OFF switch, the fuses, the mains filter, and the mains transformer.

The power supply unit powers Fabius with the following voltages:
− +24 VDC
− +5 VDC

10.1.1 Power Supply PCB

The Power Supply PCB uses the voltage regulator L4960 to generate the +5 V operating
voltage.

Two voltage regulators LT1074 connected in parallel generate the supply voltage (28 V) and
the rechargeable battery charging voltage.

The resistor S1 (the conductor is designed as sense resistor) is used to measure the
charging current of the rechargeable battery. An integrated circuit transmits the signal to the
microcontroller.

The signals A and B are fed back to the 24 V voltage regulators and function as charging
current limitation.

The Power Supply PCB monitors the rechargeable battery voltage, generates the battery
symbol control on the display and the power failure alarm.
For internal use only. Copyright reserved.
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5 V regulator

F1
1.6 A
rechargeable
batteries
(2 x 12 V)

F4
ON/OFF electronics
4 AT
switch

F5
2.5 A

2 step-down
controller

bridge-connected
rectifier

F2
3.15 A
40 VAC

mains transformer

127 127
VAC VAC

mains filter

mains connection
2 x1 AT
For internal use only. Copyright reserved.

Fig. 36: Block diagram of the control box power supply unit
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10.2 Control PCB

The Control PCB measures and monitors all measuring and status signals. If an error occurs,
the Control PCB switches off the valves, and activates the buzzer. The Control PCB is then
reset.

The Control PCB is equipped with the pressure sensors for the airway pressure (Paw) and
the flow (∆P).

The Control PCB comprises the following components:

− microcontroller
− quartz oscillator
− EPROM
− EEPROM
− RAM
− latch
− 9 V rechargeable battery

The Control PCB provides the following functions:

− measurement of oxygen concentration, flow, and pressure
− voltage monitoring and power-on
− LED control
− 2-min silence timer
− buzzer and buzzer control
− contrast control
− membrane keypad scanning
− control knob scanning
− motor current monitoring
− membrane pressure
− charging voltage monitoring
− display control
For internal use only. Copyright reserved.

− ±12 V generation
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For internal use only. Copyright reserved.

VCC
10.3

Flow

V+

V+
Pressure
VCONTRAST 5V
O2

V+
V–
D0
EEPROM
D1

5330.200 Fabius
Differential Paw V+
D2 512kx8 Voltage
pressure O2 sensor
PSEN GNDA transformer
D3 RAM EPROM sensor
V– (±12 V)
D4 32kx8
(optional) 512kx8
D5
VCONTRAST
D6

CS logics
(approx. –7 V)

To graphics display
D7
A0
Address
CS
12MHz

Serial data
Serial clock

Fig. 37: Control PCB block diagram

Bank2
Bank1
Data

Pressure

Bank0
Flow channel (analog)
O2 channel B (analog)
O2 channel A (analog)
Data Latch
Data

02/99
Control PCB Block Diagram

U BATT (charging voltage) PUMP ON (on/off)

PEEP ON
BATT_NETZ
P MEMBRAN (analog)
POWERFAIL NOT AUS (on/off)
Microcontroller MOTI (analog)
Jumper
Shutdown status (NETZ STS)
Power switch (S1) RESET
Silence unit
Ventilation pressure (analog)
Power switch (S2) I/E

From power supply

Power switch (STA)
RXD0
Silence status
TXD0
Buzzer Buzzer (on/off)
To Power PCB

Silence LED
Flip
9-V rechargeable Flop
Silence key
battery Timer Voltage
VCC VCC VCC

Function Description
(2 min) LED drivers
Dräger Medizintechnik

monitoring and
power on
Quit
Key matrix

Control knob

To control knob To membrane keypad

Page 51
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 Dräger Medizintechnik
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10.3.1 Microcontroller

The microcontroller 80C517A controls the functions of the control box.

10.3.2 Quartz Oscillator

The quartz oscillator QOS12Mhz clocks the microcontroller 80C517A with 12 MHz.

10.3.3 EPROM

The EPROM M27C4001 is used to store the program for the control box. It has a
programmable area of 512 kbytes.

10.3.4 EEPROM

The EEPROM X24C04 is a memory chip used to write and read serial data. It contains the
set customer parameters and the zero values of flow, pressure, and O2.

10.3.5 RAM

The 32 Kx8 RAM contains the current patient parameters and stores data which the
microcontroller needs to buffer.

10.3.6 Latch

Latch HC373 is a driver block.

10.3.7 Voltage Transformer

The voltage transformer transforms the 5 V input voltage into the ±12 V output voltage.

10.3.8 Oxygen Concentration Evaluation

The operational amplifier OP07 evaluates the voltage of the O2 sensor.

10.3.9 Voltage Monitoring Circuit/Voltage Monitor

For internal use only. Copyright reserved.

The IC 7665 monitors the output voltage (+5 V) of the control box. If the voltage is higher or
lower than the specified voltage, the IC 7665 generates a RESET signal. This RESET signal
resets the microcontroller. The IC makes sure that the microcontroller only initializes when
GBF5330200T01.fm 30.04.99

the operating voltage has reached an adequate level.

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10.3.10 LED Control

The LEDs (LED_MAN, LED_IPV, LED_SBY, LED_SIL, LED_WAR and LED_ALA) are
triggered by the transistors BCX17.

10.3.11 2-Min Silence Timer

The 2-min silence timer has a timer IC (74HC4060). The timer IC enables suppression of the
audible alarm for two minutes.

10.3.12 Buzzer and Buzzer Control

During operation, the buzzer is powered with 24 V. If a power failure occurs, the built-in 9 V
rechargeable battery on the Control PCB powers the buzzer. In the event of a failure, the
buzzer is triggered by the microcontroller.

10.3.13 Contrast Control

The operational amplifier TL072D generates the contrast voltage for the graphics display.
The contrast voltage is approximately –7 VDC to –8 VDC.

10.3.14 9V Rechargeable Battery

In the event of a power failure, the 9 V rechargeable battery supplies the operating voltage for
the buzzer. The 24 V operating voltage supplies a charging circuit which charges the
rechargeable battery during normal operation.
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10.4 Power PCB

The Power PCB controls the piston pump, the electronic PEEP valve, the fan, the ventilator
motor, and the backlighting of the graphics display.

The Power PCB comprises the following components:

− microcontroller
− quartz oscillator
− EPROM
− latch
− MOSFET amplifier for the motor
− voltage transformer for the backlighting lamp
− PEEP valve control
− light barrier evaluation of the motor (limit switch)
− system temperature monitoring and fan control
− quadrature encoder
− safety relay
For internal use only. Copyright reserved.
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 GBF5330200T01.fm 30.04.99

For internal use only. Copyright reserved.

To drive and pneumatic unit

10.5

VPP Safety relay VCC

VCC GNDD

5330.200 Fabius
VPP FET power transistors Motor
current Quadrature
NTC encoder
PUMP PEEP

Level Level Level Level

transf. transf. transf. transf. VPP
MOTI (analog)

DIR 0
MOTI

PWR 1
PWR 0

DIR 1
VCC
To power supply

PUMP_ON (on/off)
Limit switch

TEMP
PEEP_AN (PWM 10 kHZ, 0...100%)

Fig. 38: Power PCB block diagram

GNDD
P MEMBRAN (analog)
NOT_AUS (on/off)
Shutdown status (NETZ_STA)
Power PCB Block Diagram

02/99
VCC
GNDD

Ventilation pressure (analog) Microcontroller

RESET
Addresses and data

I: E EPROM
RXD0 512kx8

To microcontroller (Control PCB)

TXD0
Quit Voltage
transformer
VCC
FAN ON
GNDD Fan 12 MHz

To backlighting

Function Description
Dräger Medizintechnik

Page 55
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 Dräger Medizintechnik
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10.5.1 Microcontroller

The microcontroller 80C517A controls the functions of the Power PCB.

10.5.2 Quartz Oscillator

The quartz oscillator of the Control PCB clocks the microcontroller 80C517A with 12 MHz.

10.5.3 EPROM

The EPROM has a programmable area of 512 kbytes.

10.5.4 Latch

The latch HC373 is a driver block.

10.5.5 MOSFET Amplifier

The MOSFET amplifier controls the motor of the ventilator.

10.5.6 Voltage Transformer for the Backlighting Lamp

The voltage transformer E1241 transforms the input voltage into a corresponding output
voltage for the lamp of the backlighting.

Risk of damage to the voltage transformer.

The voltage transformer will be damaged if used at no load. Do not operate
the voltage transformer without the lamp of the backlighting.

10.5.7 PEEP Valve Control

The power field-effect transistor BUZ20 and the operational amplifier LM324 control the
PEEP valve.
For internal use only. Copyright reserved.

10.5.8 Light Barrier Evaluation of the Motor

The IC 74HC14 evaluates the final position and the movement of the motor (END-SCH,
PHASE0, and PHASE1).
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10.5.9 System Temperature Monitoring

The system temperature sensor is located on the MOSFET output module. It is an NTC
(negative temperature coefficient) thermistor. The microcontroller uses the system
temperature sensor to measure the system temperature.

10.5.10 Quadrature Encoder

The quadrature encoder CF32007NT picks up the number of rotations of the motor and
transmits this data to the microcontroller.

10.5.11 Safety Relay

In the event of a malfunction, the microcontroller switches off the safety relay using the
NOT_AUS (emergency off) signal. As a result, the motor, the electronic PEEP valve, the
piston pump, and the fan can no longer be activated.

10.5.12 Fan Control

If the system temperature inside the control box increases (to approx. 60 °C), the
microcontroller activates the fan.
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10.6 Graphics Display

The graphics display consists of the LCD, the LCD drivers, the LCD controller, the display
RAM (8 kbytes), and the fluorescent display (backlighting.

graphics display

D0 – D7 D0 – D7 I/O

WR A0 – A12 A0 – A12

RD r/w R/W RAM

CE cc CE
C/D
ED
RESET
inverter
FS FS1

LCD controller
x driver x driver x driver

80 80 80

64 LC display
y driver
(240 x 64 pixels)
+5V

backlighting

300 VAC lamp

Fig. 39: Block diagram of the graphics display

For internal use only. Copyright reserved.
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10.7 Front Panel

The front panel consists of the front frame and the membrane keypad.

10.7.1 Membrane Keypad

The membrane keypad has 15 keys (man/spont, IPPV, Pmax, VT, fIPPV, TI:TE, TIP:TI, PEEP,
upper and lower limit value setting, flow calibration, silence, standby, and 3 softkeys). The
Control PCB scans the key operations.

10.7.2 Man/Spont Key

Fabius can be set to manual ventilation or spontaneous breathing by pressing the Man/Spont
key.

10.7.3 IPPV Key

Fabius can be set to intermittent positive pressure ventilation by pressing the IPPV key.

10.7.4 Pmax Key

The inspiratory pressure limit can be set in a range of 10 hPa (mbar) to 70 hPa (mbar) by
pressing the Pmax key. A pressure higher than 40 hPa (mbar) must be confirmed by pressing
the Reset/Check key (a message is shown on the display).

10.7.5 V T Key

After pressing the VT key, the tidal volume can be set in a range of 50 mL to 1400 mL.

10.7.6 TI:TE Key

After pressing the TI:TE key, the inspiratory/expiratory time ratio can be set in a range of 1:3
to 2:1. The set value becomes effective at the end of the current respiratory cycle.

10.7.7 TIP:TI Key

For internal use only. Copyright reserved.

After pressing the Tip:Ti key, the inspiratory pause time to inspiratory time can be set in a
range of 5% to 50%. The set value becomes effective at the end of the current respiratory
cycle.
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10.7.8 PEEP Key

After pressing the PEEP key, the positive end-expiratory pressure may be set in a range of
1 hPa (mbar) to 15 hPa (mbar). The set value has immediate effect.

10.7.9 Limit Values Key

The limit values key is used to set the upper and the lower limit values within a certain range.

10.7.10 Calibration Key (–0–)

After pressing the calibration key (–0–), the differential pressure sensor and the O2 sensor
are calibrated. The O2 sensor is calibrated to 21 vol.% or 100 vol.%.

10.7.11 2-Min Silence Key

After pressing the 2-min silence key, the audible alarm is silenced for 2 minutes. This status is
indicated by the yellow LED in the silence key. Pressing the silence key again during the
alarm silence time will reset the audible alarm.

10.7.12 Standby Key

After pressing the standby key, the control box switches over to standby mode.

10.7.13 Menu Key

After pressing the menu key, it is possible to configure Fabius.

10.7.14 Screen Page Key

After pressing the screen page key, it possible to select different screen pages.

10.7.15 Control Knob

The control knob is used to change patient parameters (for example, PEEP, VT, or Pmax) by
turning (selection of data) and pressing (confirmation of selected data).
For internal use only. Copyright reserved.

10.8 Interface

The interface is use to transmit the analog voltages to the pneumatics.

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11 FiO2 Measurement

The O2 sensor measures the fraction of inspired O2 (FiO2) in the respiratory gas.

The O2 sensor contains an alkaline electrolyte, a lead anode, two gold cathodes, and a
plastic membrane. The spatial separation of the two gold cathodes allows to carry out a
voltage comparison.

The O2 sensor is an electrochemical cell which generates a voltage from the ion current.

gold cathode 1
plastic housing

O2
alkaline electrolyte

gold cathode 2

lead anode
plastic membrane

–ϑ

Fig. 40: O2 sensor

The O2 to be measured diffuses through the plastic membrane, reacts at the gold cathodes
(negative polarity) and forms lead oxide and water at the lead anode (positive polarity). During
this chemical process, an electrical voltage is generated which is proportional to the O2
partial pressure.

The internal resistance is determined by the surface of the gold cathodes, the O2 diffusion
velocity, and the distance between the gold cathodes and the lead anode. The resistance is
approximately 700 ohms.

This chemical process is temperature-sensitive. Therefore temperature-sensitive resistors are

connected in parallel to the O2 sensor. These resistors and the internal resistance of the O2
sensor correct the measuring voltage. Due to the two gold cathodes used in the O2 sensor
cell, two different measuring voltages are generated. These measuring voltages are
For internal use only. Copyright reserved.

compared with each other.

If the O2 sensor fails, the control box will indicate an error on the graphics display.
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 Dräger Medizintechnik
D
12 Flow Measurement

A moving screen (moving vane) measures the expiratory flow of the patient. A flow-dependent
pressure builds up at the moving vane. This pressure is picked up at the differential pressure
sensor (∆P). The differential pressure sensor converts the pressure into an electronic signal
and transmits this signal to the microcontroller.

.
V flow sensor

moving vane

measuring line 1

P
∆P results from the differential pressure (back-pressure
from measuring lines 1 and 2)

measuring line 2

Fig. 41: Flow measurement principle

For internal use only. Copyright reserved.
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D
13 Anesthetic Vaporizer "Vapor 19.n"

Refer to separate technical documentation of the anesthetic vaporizer "Vapor 19.n".

For internal use only. Copyright reserved.
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