Target

Hello dear learners! We hope that you are doing fine. This module was designed
and written with you in mind. It is here to help you master identifying the inquiry and
stating the problem of research.
The scope of this module permits it to be used in many different learning
situations. The language used recognizes the diverse vocabulary level of students. The
lessons are arranged to follow the standard sequence of the course. But the order in
which you read them can be changed to correspond with the textbook you are now
using.
The module is on describing background of research.
 After going through this module, you are expected to:
1. Describe background of research.

Review
Instructions: Choose the letter of the best answer among the given choices. Write
your answer in a separate sheet of paper.

1. The following is NOT included in the background of the study?

A. A review of the area being researched
B. Current information surrounding the issue
C. Previous studies on the issue
D. The prediction of the result of the study

2. All are questions to be asked in writing the background of the study EXCEPT:
A. What are some research results?
B. What is the research question?
C. How would you complete your research?
D. What is the proposed answer to the hypothesis of the study?

3. The following are true about the background of the study EXCEPT:
A. It is an overview of the research study and explains why the researcher is
doing the study.
B. It provides information that is important to understand the main body of the
research investigation.
C. It presents facts, theories, constructs, concepts, variables, and measures
related to the study.
D. It is to help the researcher to prove the relevance of his or her research
question and to further develop his or her thesis.

4. Which of the statements is true about the background of the study?

A. It identifies and describes the history and nature of a well-defined research
problem.
B. It locates the present study within the context of existing literature.
C. It provides the reader with the essential context needed to understand the
research problem.
D. It expands upon the key points stated in the introduction but is not the main
focus of the paper.

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5. In writing the background of the study the following should be done EXCEPT:
A. Conduct primary research at the beginning stages of formulating a thesis
when many issues are unclear.
B. Formulate the hypotheses for the present study.
C. Read the information and develop a research question of the thesis statement
that will guide your research.
D. Write a thesis statement or your research questions.

6. What is the first thing to do when writing the background of the study?
A. Revising and editing
B. Conducting primary research at the beginning stages of formulating a thesis
statement.
C. Writing a thesis statement or research question
D. Reading information and developing a research question or thesis statement
that will guide in the research

7. The second step in writing the background of the study is ____________________.

A. revising and editing
B. conducting primary research at the beginning stages of formulating a thesis
statement.
C. writing a thesis statement or research question
D. reading information and developing a research question or thesis statement
that will guide in the research

8. Which of the following is the third step in writing the background of the study?
a. Revising and editing
b. Conducting primary research at the beginning stages of formulating a
thesis statement.
c. Writing a thesis statement or research question
d. Reading information and developing a research question or thesis
statement that will guide in the research

9. The fourth step in writing the background of the study is ________________________

A. Completing the research using the thesis statement and research
questions as a guide.
B. Revising and editing
C. Writing a thesis statement or research question
D. Reading information and developing a research question of thesis statement
that will guide in the research

10. Which of the following is the fifth step in writing the background of the study?
A. Completing the research using the thesis statement and research questions
as a guide.
B. Revising and editing
C. Writing a thesis statement or research question
D. Creating five separate sections that cover the key issues, major findings, and
controversies surrounding the thesis as well as sections that provide an
evaluation and conclusion.
11. The sixth step in writing the background of the study is __________________________.
A. completing the research using the thesis statement and research questions as
a guide.
B. revising and editing

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 C. writing a thesis statement or research question
D. concluding by identifying and further study what needs to be done in
the area or providing possible solutions to the issue that haven’t been
considered before.

12. What is the final step in writing the background of the study?
A. Completing the research using the thesis statement and research questions
as a guide.
B. Revising and editing
C. Writing a thesis statement or research question
D. Reading information and developing a research question of thesis statement
that will guide in the research

13. Why do you need the background of the study?

A. Conclude through the findings of the study.
B. Determine the current state of knowledge.
C. Make recommendations using the conclusions.
D. Present data in a tabular or graphical presentation.

14. What is the purpose of the background of the study?

A. To help the researcher prove the relevance of his or her research question and
to further develop his or her thesis.
B. To guide the researcher during the research process.
C. To describe briefly the issues that need to be addressed by the researcher
D. To answer the research questions
15. The background of the study locates or situates the study in the context of the
specific field like accounting, business, science, technology, and other fields.
A. True C. Sometimes false
B. False D. Sometimes true

Lesson 1
Describing Background of the
Research
The purpose of the background of the study is to help the researcher to prove the
relevance of his or her research question and to further develop his or her thesis.
• The background of the study includes
1. A review of the area being researched,
2. current information surrounding the issue,
3. Previous studies on the issue,
4. relevant history of the issue, and
5. effectively set forth the history and background information on the
problem.

• In writing a background of the study these are some suggested things to be

done.
1. Conduct a primary research at the beginning stages of formulating a thesis
when many issues are unclear.
2. Read the information and develop a research question of thesis
statement that will guide your research.
3. Write a thesis statement or research question.
4. Complete your research using your thesis statement and research
question as your guide.

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 5. Create five separate sections that cover the key issues, major findings and
controversies surrounding your thesis as well as sections that provide an
evaluation and conclusion.

6. Conclude by identifying and further study what needs to be done in the

area or provide possible solutions to the issue that haven’t been considered
before.

7. Revise and edit your background of the study.

Discover
Activity 1:
Directions: Complete the table by putting a checkmark (/) opposite the item with a
good characteristic of research, if not leave the space blank and justify
your answers under the remark’s column.

Characteristics of a Good Remarks

Research Title
It must be specific. - _______
It must be lengthy. - _______
It must be original. - _______
It describes what is the study all about. -_____
It must be within 20 or more substantive word
requirement of the APA. - _______

Activity 2
Directions: Read the sample background of the study below and answer the questions
below:

Sample 1:
Students have different ways in processing information; some may prefer a-udio-visual
presentation; others drama and imitating or reasoning logically and intuitively, or
analyzing and envisioning. Teacher style also vary. Some professors used traditional
way of teaching; others used the new trend in technology; some focus on principles
and others on presentations.
When the learning style of professors are incompatible, the students may become
inattentive, distracted, uninterested, their achievement level goes down, and eventually
leads to school dropout. For intervention used in this study is the student’s devises
games-simulation. Games-simulation is introduced as a method in teaching in medical
fields recently through interactive video games (Rosser, Lynch, Caddihy, Gentile,
Klanssky, & Merill, 2007).

Questions:

1. What is the focus of the background of the study?

________________________________________________________________________

2. Which part of the background of the study refers to the findings of other researchers?
_______________________________________________________________________

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 Analyze

Independent Activity 1

Directions: Read the following excerpt from a background of the study of a certain
research. Then be able to describe the said background of the study by
completing the unfinished sentences in the independent activity 2.

Sample 2
With diminishing finances, it is rarely possible for a library of information
center to have enough resources to fulfil the needs of its clients…Collaboration is
widely recognized as the best way for libraries to cope with the ever increasing
challenges: volume of information resources, nature and quality of information, user
needs and expectations, information and communication technology competencies
and infrastructure, inflated cost of information resources and staffing needs.
However, although these challenges have continued to prevail, libraries working
under collaborative initiatives like the Consortium of Academic and research
Libraries in Illinois (CARL) have registered tremendous
success.
This research reports the findings of a thorough study to establish the factors
that have led to the success of CARLI and how such success factors can be applied
in libraries of developing countries like Uganda. Emphasis is placed on the
establishment of CARLI leadership, the sharing of responsibility and decision
making process, as well as sources of funding for the consortium… Also central to
the research study is exploration of the role and responsibility of participating
member libraries and their contributions to and expectations from the consortium.
This present study has incorporated interviews with CARLI staff and a questionnaire
survey to all the participating CARLI membership.
(https://www.ideals.illinois.edu/bitstreamyhandle/2142/thesis-ch.1-3)

Independent Activity 2
1. _____________________________________ are/is involved in the study.
2. The study was conducted at ____________________________________.
3. The study was conducted in ____________________________________.
4. The present study is all about __________________________________.
5. The study was conducted to ____________________________________.

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 Enrichment Activity
Directions: Complete the concept web to summarize the lesson you learned about the
background of the study. Copy the web and write your answer on separate
sheet of paper.

Activity
Situation Analysis

Direction: Read and understand the statement below after reading answer the question
below. Write your answer on a separate sheet of paper.

Many things around us such as the food we eat are results of research. So,
manufactured food is out in the market for our consumption. But there is food that is
not for everybody. The elderly especially those who are sick have some restrictions on
their food intake.

Question:
How will you check the background information of the commercial food if they safe for
your grandparents?

Your answer:

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_______________________________________________________________________________

Remember
What is background of research?
So you have carefully written your article and probably ran it through your
colleagues ten to fifteen times. While there are many elements to a good research
article, one of the most important elements for your readers is the background of
your study.
The background of your study will provide context to the information
discussed throughout the research paper. Background information may include
both important and relevant studies. This is particularly important if a study
either supports or refutes your thesis.
In addition, the background of the study will discuss your problem
statement, rationale, and research questions. It links introduction to your
research topic and ensures a logical flow of ideas. Thus, it helps readers
understand your reasons for conducting the study. The reader should be able to
understand your topic and its importance. The length and detail of your
background also depend on the degree to which you need to demonstrate your
understanding of the topic. Paying close attention to the following questions will
help you in writing background information:

 Are there any theories, concepts, terms, and ideas that may be
unfamiliar to the target audience and will require you to provide any
additional explanation?
 Any historical data that need to be shared in order to provide context
on why the current issue emerged?
 Are there any concepts that may have been borrowed from other
disciplines that may be unfamiliar to the reader and need an explanation?
 Is the research study unique for which additional explanation is
needed?

For instance, you may have used a completely new method? Your
background should begin with defining a topic and audience. It is important that
you identify which topic you need to review and what your audience
already knows about the topic. You should proceed by searching and
researching the relevant literature (Brians, 2011).

Assessment
Directions: Read the sample of a short background of the study below. Then answer
the following questions. Use separate sheet of paper.

Students have different ways in processing information; some may prefer audio-
visual presentation; others drama and imitating or reasoning logically and intuitively, or
analyzing and envisioning. Teacher style also vary. Some professors used traditional
way of teaching; others used the new trend in technology; some focus on principles and
others on presentations.
When the learning style of professors are incompatible, the students may become
inattentive, distracted, uninterested, their achievement level goes down, and eventually
leads to school dropout. For intervention used in this study is the student’s devises
games-simulation. Games-simulation is introduced as a method in teaching in medical

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fields recently through interactive video games (Rosser, Lynch, Caddihy, Gentile,
Klanssky, & Merill, 2007)

1. Who is involved in the study aside from the researcher?

a. Students c. Both a and b
b. Professors d. none of the above

2. Where was the research conducted?

a. School c. Professor’s house
b. Students’ house d. Audiovisual room

3. What was the study all about?

a. Games simulation as an innovation tool
b. Learning Style
c. Teaching style
d. Processing information

4. Infer why was the study conducted?

a. To find out the learning styles of students.
b. To find out the teaching styles of the professors.
c. To find out how effective is the games-simulation as an innovation tool
d. To find out the relationship between the teaching styles of professors and the
learning styles of students.

5. When was the study conducted?

a. 2006 c. 2007
b. Not stated in the article d. both b and c

Directions: Read each item carefully. Then answer the questions that follow.

6. Editing and revising the background of the study is the last step to be done in
writing a background of the study.
a. True c. Sometimes False
b. False d. sometimes True

7. The researcher should do library and internet readings so that there will be
sources of information for the background of the study.
a. True c. Sometimes False
b. False d. sometimes True

8. A thesis statement or research question is not needed when writing a

background of the study.
a. True c. Sometimes False
b. False d. sometimes True

9. Sources of information should be cited.

a. True c. Sometimes False
b. False d. sometimes True

10. The background of the study could include the possible solutions to the
problems that haven’t been considered in previous studies.
a. True c. Sometimes False
b. False d. sometimes True

11. The linking up of research study to recent development can make the
readers deduce the originality of the study.
a. True c. Sometimes False

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 b. False d. sometimes True

12. The information provided by the researcher in the background of the

study of his or her research that is essential to understand the main body of
the research investigation can be an offshoot of developments in history,
culture, academics, etc.
a. True c. Sometimes False
b. False d. sometimes True

13. The following are not true about the background of the study except one.
a. It is an overview of the research study and explains why the
researcher is doing the study.
b. It becomes the central theme, the focus, the main thrust of the study.
c. It presents facts, theories, constructs, concepts, variables, and measures
related to the study.
d. It is to guide the researcher during the research process.

14. Background of the study is conducted to ___________________. a.

Guide the researchers to formulate hypotheses.
b. Determine the current state of knowledge.
c. Present data in a tabular or graphical presentation. d.
Make recommendations using the conclusions.

15. In writing the background of the study the following should not be done
except one.
a. Formulate the hypotheses for the present study.
b. Read the information and develop a research question of thesis
statement that will guide your research.
c. Show a visual presentation of the flow of the research.
d. Illustrate the plan, structure, and strategy of investigation so
conceived as to obtain answer to research questions or problems.

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 Answers Key
Review:
1. A Assessment
2. C 1. B
3. D 2. D
4. C 3. D
5. B 4. A
6. D 5. A
7. C 6. D
8. C 7. D
9. D 8. D
10.C 9. C
11.D 10.D
12.C 11.A
13.B 12.A
14.B 13.B
15.B 14.A
15.A

References:
Almeida, Adelaida B., Gaerlan, Amelita A., and Manly, Norita E. Research
Fundamentals (Adriana Publishing Co., Inc., 2016) 38, 41-42, 53, 61
Calderon, Jose F. and Gonzales, Expectacion C. Methods of Research and
Thesis Writing, (National Bookstore, Mandaluyong City, 1993) 27
Prieto, Nelia G., Naval, Victoria C. and Carey, Teresita G. Practical Research 2
for Senior High School, (LORIMAR Publishing, Inc. Quezon City, Metro Manila,
2017) 8-12, 27-28, 29-31, 32-33

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