Single-line diagram: “GROUP” scenario

Single-line diagram: “NETWORK” scenario

Use of the “Calculate scenario” option under the “Calculation options” item of the “Options”
command is of particular importance in this context

DOC – User manual – page 51

 Window where the scenario calculation mode is entered

If you opt for the “Actual” value, all the dimensioning will be performed in relation to the
scenario activated at that particular moment.
On the other hand, if the “All” value is entered, dimensioning will take account of the
performance required from every device in all the network scenarios envisaged in the
project: this means that a higher performance level that does not take account of a single
scenario may be required from each device.

The flag on the “Show calculation options before dimensioning” accesses the “calculation
options” window prior to each dimensioning.

DOC – User manual – page 52

 3.6. How to edit the drawing

This chapter describes the most useful commands for editing the single-line diagram drawing.

Zoom In, Zoom Out and Pan with the mouse

The “Zoom In”, “Zoom Out” and “Pan” commands can be given using the mouse wheel: this
way the relative part of the diagram can be displayed rapidly with the right level of detail.
The “Zoom In” and “Zoom Out” commands are, respectively, turning and clicking the mouse
wheel upwards and downwards.
The “Pan” command is obtained by keeping the mouse wheel pressed and dragging the page.
These commands are also present in the “View” menu of the “HOME”tab.

Multiple selection by means of selection box

To select several Single Objects it is advisable to:
· Disable any active command by pressing the “Esc” key.
· Click over an empty point of the drawing.
· Create a selection box which touches or completely includes the Single Objects to be
selected.

The selection will consist of all the Single Objects touched or completely included in the
selection box, depending on the first click and the direction in which the Single Objects are
selected.
· If the first click is on the right of the Single Objects to be selected, DOC will add all the
Single Objects touched by the selection box to the Multiple selection.
· If the first click is on the left of the Single Objects to be selected, DOC will add all the
Single Objects completely included in the selection box to the Multiple selection.

Multiple selection by clicking over the Single Objects to be selected

A multiple selection can be created by clicking over each Single Object you want to add to the
selection list. First select all the Single Objects required, then select the Command you want to
apply (for example, the “Properties” command)

Copy –Paste

The “Copy” and “Paste” commands allow a Single Object or a Multiple Selection of Single
Objects to be copied onto different pages of the drawing.
The predefined values of the original Single Objects will be indicated in the pasted Single
Objects.

DOC – User manual – page 53

 These commands are present on the “Clipboard” menu of the “HOME” tab.

Stretch

The “Stretch” command allows the length of “Busbars” and “Connections” to be modified. This
command is present in the “Trasformations” menu of the “HOME” tab.

Connections stretched using the “Stretch” command ”

Add a text

To add text notes to the single-line diagram, use the “Text” command in the “Tools” menu of
the “HOME” tab.

DOC – User manual – page 54

 3.7. Labels
Labels are texts associated with each Single Object which allow the characteristics and
calculation results to be displayed, such as the Iz of a Cable, the Description of a Circuit-breaker
or the short-circuit current at a Busbar.
The position of the Labels depends on the layout.

Layout in columns
The layout in columns shows all the data relative to a Single Object in the layout below it.
The contents of each compartment of the layout is explained in the caption at the bottom left.
You cannot change the layout and results displayed.

Layout: Caption (first column on the left); data of a dimensioned feeder (green color) and data of
an undimensioned feeder (black color)

Free Layout
The free layout shows some of the calculation results in the labels alongside each Single Object

DOC – User manual – page 55

 Labels in a free layout; Label Manager window

Label manager

The Labels show the user the main data of each Single Object.
The Labels can be customized:
· The list of data contained in the Label can be changed by the user with the “Set Labels”
command in the “Tools” menu. There are two predefined Label configurations: one for the
free layout, the other for the layouts in columns. Special Label configurations can be saved
for subsequent use in other projects.

Move labels

Using layouts A3, A2, A1 or A0, which allow free drawing of the single-line diagram, the labels
are shown alongside the Single Objects.
When two or more labels are overlaid, they can be moved with the “Move labels” command.
This command is present in the “Tools” menu of the “HOME” tab.
Change the data shown on a Label

Use the “Set Labels” command in the “Tools” menu to change the list of data shown on a Label.

DOC – User manual – page 56

 Label managr window
The label manager window allows you to define which properties to display in the diagram.
To change the state of a property, first select the Single Object to be modified in the “Object”
menu, then enable or disable a property in the “Properties” list. The selection affects all the
Single Objects in the single-line diagram.
You can also save a label configuration by means of the “Save configuration…” button, and use it
again in another project.
The “Board configuration” and “Free configuration” options refer to the two types of layout:
· “Board configuration” is the layout in columns, available in two variants: one for LV plants
and one for MV switchboards.
· “Free configuration” is the layout without columns, where the labels are displayed beside
each Single Object.

Example of label manager use: Display\Hide the padlock

The padlock icon (Cf. Chapter 4.5) in Labels is used to make the Single Objects, which have been
locked by the user and that DOC cannot change following a calculation, recognizable.
The symbol is very useful during design, but cannot be used in the printing stage.
This means that it may be useful to know how to manage the Labels so as to show or hide the
padlock icon, depending on the task you are performing.
This situation can be managed with two label configurations:
· With padlock
· Without padlock

1) Run the “Set labels” command in the “Tools” menu of the“HOME” tab.
2) Select the “Board configuration” or “Free configuration” option, depending on the layout used
3) Activate the padlock for all the Single Objects. The padlock is managed by the “STATE” property.

DOC – User manual – page 57

 Label manager: STATE label of the LV circuit-breaker

4) Save the configuration with the “Save configuration…” button and assign it the name you prefer.
5) Disable the padlock for all the Single Objects.
6) Save the new configuration as described in point 4).
7) To display of the padlock, run the “Label manager” command in the “Tools” menu of the
“HOME” tab, select the type of diagram used, board or free and select the configuration where
the padlock is to be displayed from the pull-down menu.
8) Once the two configurations described in points 4) and 7) have been created, you can rapidly
pass from one to the other by executing the “Set Labels” command and selecting the desired
configuration from the list at the top left.

Single-line diagram with the padlock visible and not visible

DOC – User manual – page 58

 4. Calculation and Dimensioning

This chapter describes:

· the DOC calculation potential;
· results of the calculation;
· verification of existing plants.

After reading this chapter, the user will be able to:

· understand what is calculated by the program;
· understand how the calculations are made;
· resolve any incorrect situations highlighted by the program;
· read the calculation results;
· customize the program choices

DOC – User manual – page 59

 4.1. Calculation and Dimensioning

When the single-line diagram drawing is completed and the data of the Single Objects have
been defined, you can then calculate the single-line diagram.
DOC has a powerful calculation engine able to rapidly and automatically perform long and
complex operations which would take a long time to carry out in the manual mode or using
some other, less powerful software.

In particular the DOC calculation engine is able to:

· Verify correctness of the single-line diagram design
· Calculate the load currents at all points of the diagram
· Calculate the voltage drops
· Balance single-phase - two-phase loads over the three phases
· Calculate the power consumed by the supply and the power factor
· Dimension the cables according to the calculated load currents and/or the voltage drops
· Repeat steps 2 and 3 until all the cables have been correctly dimensioned
· Calculate the maximum and minimum short-circuit currents at all points of the single-line
diagram
· Choose the protection devices according to the load currents, short-circuit currents,
protection of cables and people and, if required, coordinate the protection devices
(discrimination and/or back-up).
The calculations are made using the “Calculate” button of the “Tools” menu in the “HOME”
tab. All the calculation parameters are preset so as to meet the needs of the more common
plants. Calculation thus begins immediately and does not require any further decisions from
the user.

Advanced calculation settings

Some parameters used in the calculation procedure can be changed by the user.
This operation is generally not indispensable because the parameters are preset so as to satisfy
the most common needs. To view and edit these parameters, you must use the “Options…”
command (in the main windows of the program, e.g. in the Supply window) and select the
“Show calculation settings before dimensioning” box on the “Calculation options” page.
Modification of the advanced calculation options is only recommended for expert users with
special requirements as they concern:
· Definition of the instants at which the short-circuit currents must be calculated;
· Power supply voltage tolerance;
· Reference temperature of the cables for calculating the maximum short-circuit currents;
· Type of over-excitation of the generators in the diagram;
· Manual exclusion of motor contributions in short-circuit current calculations.

DOC – User manual – page 60

 Minimum and maximum fault currents

DOC calculates the Minimum and Maximum short-circuit currents it all points of the network.
Their difference is explained in Standard IEC 60909-0 chapters 2.4 and 2.5 (the differences are
also given in DOC during printing in Printout of the Error! Reference source not found. section;
Error! Reference source not found.).
It is important to underscore that, with regard to the end-of-line fault currents, DOC calculates:
· The Minimum fault current in the cable, used for protection against indirect contacts (Cf.
Chapter 5.1).
· The Maximum fault current in the switchboard on the load side of this line, used for
selecting the Breaking Capacity of the protection devices installed in the switchboard.

Two different short-circuit values are therefore available at the end of the line, defined as
follows:
Maximum short-circuit currents
· Voltage factor cmax (equal to 1.1) is applied to calculate the maximum short-circuit
currents;
· The motors are included if their contribution is more than 5% of the maximum short-
circuit current calculated without this contribution;
· The resistances of the lines (overhead and in cables) are taken at a temperature of 20°C.
Minimum short-circuit currents
· Voltage factor cmin, equal to 0.95, is applied to calculate the minimum short-circuit
currents;
· The contribution of motors is excluded;
· The resistances of the lines (overhead and in cables) are taken at a temperature of 80°C.

The cable resistance values at 20°C and at 80°C can be printed by enabling Printout in the
Error! Reference source not found. section of the Project documentation (Cf. Chapter Error!
Reference source not found..).

DOC – User manual – page 61

 A window showing the state of progress of the process is visible during the calculations.

Calculation window

Messages may appear during the calculations, when significant or abnormal situations occur.
The meaning of the main messages is explained in chapter 4.2.
Depending on what DOC finds, the Single Objects may change color at the end of the
calculations, in accordance with the color profile (Cf. chapter 2.7).
In certain situations DOC may not be able to select some of the switching and protection
devices.
The main cases are explained in chapter 4.3.
The results available at the end of the calculations and the methods for displaying them are
described in chapter 3.7.
The main actions that can be taken at the end of the calculations to check the results and,
where necessary, to change the program selections, are described in chapter 4.5.

DOC – User manual – page 62

 4.2. Error Messages

This chapter explains the most important and frequent error messages that can appear during
the calculations.
These error messages are of two types:
· Blocking messages: warn of a critical and incorrect situation that must be corrected
before being able to proceed with the calculation.
· Warning messages: draw the user’s attention to a faulty or potentially incorrect
situation but do not block the calculation process.

Blocking messages
· Phases – Distribution system not consistent in highlighted Objects
DOC checks the congruence of the single-line diagram (for example: a single-phase cable
cannot supply a three-phase load).
Solutions: check the phase and distribution system properties in the Single Objects
indicated. If there are discrepancies, cancel and draw new the Single Objects or change the
Phase and Distribution system properties after having performed a Multiple selection (Cf.
Chapter 3.6) of the Single Objects involved.
· Single-line diagram incorrect: a busway must be added between supply and loads.
Check Highlighted Objects
DOC needs at least one Single Object with impedance not nil (for example, a cable or a
busway) to be present between supply and loads.
Solution: make sure that there is at least a cable or busway between the supply and loads.
· Single-line diagram incorrect: a busway must be added between two supplies. Check
Highlighted Objects
DOC needs at least one Single Object with non-nil impedance (for example, a cable or a
busway) to be present between two supplies that operate in parallel.
Solution: make sure that there is at least a cable or busway between the two power
supplies.
· Single-line diagram incorrect: some objects are short-circuited! Check Highlighted
Objects.
DOC checks that there are no branches with nil impedance in parallel with Single Objects
or branches of the plant: current would not, in fact, pass through these latter and this
would indicate an error in the single-line diagram drawing.
Solution: check the connections between the two short-circuited Single Objects.
· Single-line diagram incorrect: connections missing. Check Highlighted Objects
Part of the single-line diagram is not connected to the supply.
Solution: connect the Highlighted Single Objects to the supply.
· Single-line diagram incorrect: links not connected. Check Highlighted Objects
A link has not been connected to the relative arrival.
Solution: check the link indicated and connect it to another link; should the link be
superfluous, cancel it.

DOC – User manual – page 63

 Warning messages
· Voltage drop higher than limit set for the highlighted Objects
DOC checks that the voltage drop percentage on each load is no higher than 4% (or than
the value entered by the user) and signals the loads for which the threshold has been
exceeded.
Solution: check the sizes of cables on the supply side of the load involved.
· Highlighted transformer is not dimensioned correctly: increase the size!
DOC checks that the transformers are able to supply the power required by the plant. The
message generally appears when the transformers have been locked with a padlock,
otherwise DOC would be able to automatically select another power transformer suitable
for the load required.
Solution: Increase the size of the transformer, check that the power of the loads and the
demand coefficients have been entered correctly.
· These objects are not protected against overload \ short-circuit \ indirect contacts
DOC checks that all the cables and switching devices are protected against faults (the
warning can be disabled in the window that displays the warning).
Solution: It is not always necessary to take measures (for example, the absence of
protection against overload in emergency configurations): users can decide, under their
own responsibility, to omit the protections when allowed by the Standards and/or plant
characteristics.
If necessary, add a protection device on the supply side of the unprotected object.
· Warning: some supplies consume power instead of supplying it
DOC checks whether power flows from the supply to the loads. If there are several power
supplies in parallel (generator and power supply) a generator may meet the power
requirements of the plant and also supply energy to the power supply.
Solutions: if you do not want the generator to supply energy to the power supply, check
the size of the generator, the power of the loads and the demand coefficients.
If it is normal for the generator to supply power to the network, the message confirms this
behavior.
· Warning: some supplies have lower rated power than that required by the plant
DOC checks that the generators and UPS are able to supply the power required by the
plant, by comparing their rating plate data with the requirements of the loads (the supply
is considered to be a generator with infinite power).
Solution: check the rating plate data of the generators and UPS, the demand coefficients
and the power consumed by the loads, in that order.
· Highlighted cables do not conform to the following dimensioning criteria:
- The carrying capacity is insufficient
- The voltage drop exceeds the set limit
DOC checks that the locked cables (Cf. Chapter 4.5) comply with the required carrying
capacity and voltage drop criteria.
Solutions: check cable data (length, insulation, method of installation) and load data; or
unlock the cable and let DOC re-calculate the section.

DOC – User manual – page 64

 4.3. Failed selection of Single Objects

DOC is sometimes unable to find a valid product, or shows the products locked by the user
with the padlock as invalid.
The most frequent cause of failed selection or verification of a product are listed below and
can help the user to modify the selection criteria appropriately.

· If the Single Object is locked with the padlock, unlock it and rerun the calculation.

· Check for the presence of appropriate protections against indirect contacts with the
power sources by means of residual current devices, when the distribution system is TT.
It may be impossible to ensure protection against indirect contacts with other protection
functions.

· If the fault current is high (over 15kA) and the section of cable to be protected against
short-circuit is less than 4 mm2, try to rerun the calculation after having selected a cable
with a larger section and having locked it with the padlock.

· Make sure that you are not in one of the cases specified below, for which suitable
products do not exist:
o 1P, 1P+N and 2P products in circuits with over 125A current (the 1P, 1P+N and 2P
devices are the modular type and have 125A maximum rated current. 3P, 3P+N or
4P devices must be selected).

o Residual current protection with over 2000A rated current (the maximum size of an
RCQ external toroid is 2000A).

o Fuses with over 630A rated current (the maximum rated current of the fuses
managed by DOC is 630A).

o Fuses with over 100kA breaking capacity (the fuses have 100kA breaking capacity. If
DOC has calculated higher short-circuit currents, check the supply data, or select a
circuit-breaker instead of a fuse).

o Circuit-breakers with over 200kA breaking capacity (The circuit-breakers have

maximum 200kA breaking capacity. If DOC has calculated higher short-circuit
currents, verify the supply data).

o Moulded-case circuit-breakers with over 160A rated current for protecting residual
current circuit-breakers (residual current circuit-breakers cannot be protected
using moulded-case type circuit-breakers with over 160A rated current).

DOC – User manual – page 65

 o Moulded-case circuit-breakers with 160A current or less for protecting residual
current circuit-breakers with over 6kA short-circuit current (moulded-case circuit-
breakers with up to 160A rated current can only protect residual current circuit-
breakers up to 6kA).

o Miniature circuit-breakers in circuits with current over >125A or >25kA breaking

capacity. In this case, remove the limit on the type of product and allow a moulded-
case type of circuit-breaker to be selected.

· If a fuse, or a switch-fuse, protects a cable, make sure that the ratio between Iz and Ib is at
least equal to 1.2 (Cf. Chapter 5.1.1: a cable with 30A Iz can only be protected by a fuse up
to 0.9 x 30A = 27A.

· If a circuit-breaker protects a cable, make sure that there is sufficient space between Ib
and Iz to be able to select a size of product. For example: if Ib is 26A and Iz is 30A, a
miniature circuit-breaker cannot be selected as protection since the closest sizes are 25A,
lower than Ib, and 32A, higher than Iz.

· Make sure that not too many objects are protected by the same protection device (the
window for displaying \ editing the list of the protections is described in Annex B).

· For the circuit-breaker, check that there are not too many simultaneous discrimination,
back-up and cable protection restrictions. In this case, slacken one or more of the
restrictions.

Help for failed selection of Single Objects

If you are unable to select a product using the suggestions given above, you can the send the
project file and a description of the problem to the assistance service, which is at your
disposal.
The address is as follows: software.tools@it.abb.com

DOC – User manual – page 66

 4.4. Calculation and dimensioning results

Calculation results
DOC calculates the following, both in low and in medium voltage:
· Maximum short-circuit currents at all points of the single-line diagram.
· Minimum short-circuit currents at the end of the line.
· Phase and neutral currents (in unbalanced networks) at all points of the single-line
diagram.
· Power factor on each line and at each busbar.
· Active and reactive power required at the supply.
Dimensioning results
The program is able to select the following, both in low and in medium voltage:
· The minimum cable sections that comply with the following criteria:
o thermal, depending on the Standard selected
o voltage drop in the single line less than 4% (can be changed by the user)
· The most economical protection apparatus (circuit-breakers, fuses) in the list of
technically correct ABB products.
· The most economical switching apparatus (disconnectors, contactors) in the list of
technically correct ABB products.
Further results
Other results from a calculation:
· Balancing unbalanced networks. The program applies an algorithm to “move” the single-
phase and two-phase loads from one phase to the other, so that current consumption on
the supply side is as balanced as possible.
· Dimensioning for the rated current of a transformer or generator. The Single Objects
placed on the load side of a transformer or generator will be dimensioned according to
the rated current of the secondary winding of the transformer or the rated power of the
generator, rather than according to the current required by the plant.
This option is useful for those who possess machines dimensioned by considering future
plant enlargements. Cables and switching and protection devices will not have to be
changed, with obvious savings in times and costs.

DOC – User manual – page 67

 4.5. How to change the dimensioning results

This chapter explains how to change the selections made automatically by the program.

Locking and unlocking Single Objects

When program selections are changed after dimensioning, the most important commands, are
those which allow a Single Object to be Locked or Unlocked.
The “Lock objects” command changes the calculation settings, so that at the next
dimensioning, the locked Single Object is only checked and not changed by DOC.
The locked Single Objects behave as follows:

Object Lock effect

Cable The section is not re-calculated.
Protection device The product is not changed for a more economical one.
Switching device The product is not changed for a more economical one.
Transformer The size is not re-calculated according to the loads.
Load The single-phase loads are not connected to a different phase so as to
minimize the unbalance.

The “Unlock objects” command resets the calculation settings, so that at the next
dimensioning, the unlocked Single Object is selected by DOC.
The unlocked Single Objects behave as follows:

Object Lock effect

Cable DOC re-calculates the section and optimizes it according to the voltage
drop and the carrying capacity
Protection device The most economical product among those technically suitable is
proposed.
Switching device The most economical product among those technically suitable is
proposed.
Transformer The size is re-calculated according to the loads.
Load If it is single-phase, it can be connected to a different phase to
minimize the unbalance.

DOC – User manual – page 68

 Changing product
The automatic selections made by DOC cannot take the requirements of all program users into
account!
To change a product proposed by DOC, simply:
· Access the Single Object Properties window.
· Click over the “Select >>>” button
· Navigate the tree to find the desired product.
· Lock the desired product with the padlock.

On access to the selection window, the list of products displayed considers the technical
selection filters of the product itself (for example, circuit-breakers with breaking capacities
lower than the short-circuit current will not be shown).
If the desired product is not in the list, remove the technical filters by selecting the “Free
selection” option at the top left.

“Select >>” button in a circuit-breaker window

At the next calculation, DOC will check the locked product instead of selecting a new one.

Changing cable sizes

DOC selects the cable sections according to the Standard, the carrying capacity of the cable and
the voltage drop.
You can change the cable sections, for example, to check a cable already installed, by accessing
the cable Properties window.
Select the most suitable sections for your situation in this window and lock the selection with

DOC – User manual – page 69

 the padlock.

Cable dimensioning window – changing the cable sections

When the section of a cable is changed, the impedance of the cable and, therefore, the
voltage and short-circuit values on its load side also change.
New values for the short-circuit currents could invalidate the selections made for the already
selected protection devices: it will therefore be necessary to re-calculate the whole single-line
diagram !

DOC – User manual – page 70

 5. Verifications and protections

This chapter describes:

· verification of overload, short-circuit, indirect contacts and discrimination from a theoretical
viewpoint;
· the verifications performed by the program.

After reading this chapter, the user will be able to:

· understand the overload, short-circuit, indirect contact and discrimination verifications;
· use the curves module to perform overload, short-circuit, indirect contact and discrimination
verifications.

DOC – User manual – page 71

 5.1. Verifications and protections

This chapter describes how to check the cable protection and the discrimination criteria by
means of the module dedicated to drawing curves.

5.1.1. Description of the Protections

DOC checks, in real time, the protections against:

· Overload (hereinafter OL).
· Short-circuit (hereinafter SC).
· Indirect contacts in TT systems (hereinafter NDT-TT).
· Indirect contacts in TN systems (hereinafter NDT-TN).

The protection criteria are defined in standard IEC 60364-4-43:

· Overload (Standard IEC 60364-4-43 Chapter 433):

- The set current of the protection device (In) must be between the service current
(Ib) and the carrying capacity of the busway (Iz).
Ib £ In £ Iz
- The threshold of guaranteed tripping of the protection device must be less than
1.45 times the carrying capacity of the busway.
If £ 1.45 × Iz
where:
Ib = Service current.
Iz = Carrying capacity in permanent regime of the busway.
In = Current set of the protection device (for non-adjustable protection devices,
this coincides with the rated current).
If = Current which ensures effective operation of the protection device within
the prearranged time under defined conditions.

Guaranteed tripping current for circuit-breakers and fuses

For construction characteristics, guaranteed tripping current If is:

- Always 1.45 × In or less for circuit-breakers
- 1.6 × In for fuses.
This means that:
- A circuit-breaker is able to protect a cable against overload over the whole of its carrying
capacity, thus making verification superfluous If £ 1.45 × Iz

DOC – User manual – page 72

 - In a fuse, the most stringent condition is verification on I f. If If is substituted with value 1.6
In, you obtain:
1.6 × In £ 1.45 × Iz
Which means that:
In £ 0.906 × Iz

In other words, protection of a cable against overload by means of a fuse does not allow this
cable to be used up to its carrying capacity, but only up to about 90% of its carrying capacity.

· Short-circuit (Standard IEC 60364-4-43 Chapter 434):

o The specific energy let-through by the protection device is less than the specific energy
supported by the cable for all the current values from Ib to the maximum short-circuit
current.
With DOC, verification is performed graphically by comparing the curve of the specific
energy let through by the circuit-breaker (I 2t) and the curve of the maximum energy
which can be supported by the cable (K2S2), and by checking that there are no
intersections in the range of currents defined by the Standard.

Energy diagram: comparison of the curves of a circuit-breaker (blue) with a completely

protected cable (black) and a partially protected cable (red)

DOC – User manual – page 73

 · Indirect contacts in TT systems (Standard IEC 60364-4-43 Chapter 413):
o The contact voltage is less than 50 [V], i.e.:
Ra × Ia £ 50
where:
RA [Ω] = Sum of the resistances of the earth electrode and protection conductors of the
exposed conductive parts.
IA [A] = Current which causes automatic operation of the protection device (if the
protection device is the residual current type, IA is the Idn rated residual current Idn).

DOC – User manual – page 74

 Modification of the RA value

As described in the previous section, RA is given by the sum of two resistances: the earth
electrode and the protection conductors of the exposed conductive parts.

· Earth electrode: its value is defined using the command “Options” under the item
“Protection against indirect contact” (Cf. Chapter 2.1).

Window for setting the RA value

If necessary, you can set a different earth electrode value for each single feeder in the
“Protected Objects” window of the protection device (“LV circuit-breaker”, “LV Fuse”,
“Residual current circuit-breaker”) on the supply side of the feeder itself.
· Protection conductors of exposed conductive parts: the resistance value of the the
conductors is calculated by the program depending on the type of cable and its section.
The conductor resistance values can be
o Consulted in the “LV cable” properties (Cf. Annex B);
o Printed in the Error! Reference source not found. section Error! Reference
source not found.).

DOC – User manual – page 75

 · Indirect contacts in TN systems (Standard IEC 60364-4-43 Chapter 413):
o The trip threshold of the protection device must be lower than the fault current at the
end of the Phase – Earth line, i.e.:
Zs × Ia £ Uo
where:
ZS [Ω] = Impedance of the fault ring which includes the source, the live conductor as far
as the fault point and the protection conductor between the fault point and the source
(in DOC, this type of fault is called “L-PE”, i.e. between phase and protection
conductor).
IA [A] = Current which causes automatic operation of the protection device within the
time defined in the following table (if the protection device is the residual current type,
IA is the rated residual current Idn).

Uo [V] Tripping time [s]

120 0.8
230 0.4
400 0.2
>400 0.1

U0 [V] = Rms value of the rated voltage between phase and earth.

DOC calculates value Uo Zs , indicated as “Icc L-PE” (short-circuit fault current

between Phase and Protection conductor). The verification performed is therefore:
Im £ IccL - PE
where:
IM [A] = is the current which causes the protection device to trip within the scheduled
tripping time.

DOC – User manual – page 76

 · Indirect contacts in IT systems (Standard IEC 60364-4-43 Chapter 413):
o In IT systems the live part of the network is electrically insulated from the
exposed conductive parts, therefore the circuit of any possible earth fault can
only be re-closed in capacitive couplings between live conductors and exposed
conductive parts or earths (as in the diagram below).
The value of these capacitive couplings is not easy to calculate, so it is
impossible to give a value to the impedance of the fault ring and therefore to
the current which passes through it.

Circuit of an earth fault in an IT system

Since the value of the first earth fault is not known, DOC is unable to check the
protection against indirect contacts.
Remember that, in any case, the above-mentioned Standard envisages the use
of an insulation control device to indicate the appearance of an initial fault
between a live part of the network and exposed conductive parts or earth.
The same Standard does not impose protection against indirect contacts in IT
systems by means of automatic interruption of the power supply.

The parameters used for verifying protection against indirect contacts can be changed in the
“General plant properties” window (Cf. Chapter 2.1).

Further information about protection against indirect contacts

For further details, we recommend consulting the “QT3 - Distribution systems and protection
against indirect contacts and earth faults” guide.

DOC – User manual – page 77

 5.1.2. Protection devices

The protection devices are able to supply the types of protection listed in the table below

Protection device SC CC CI-TN CI-TT

Thermal-magnetic circuit-breaker X X X
Thermal-magnetic circuit-breaker with residual current X X X X
Magnetic only circuit-breaker X X
Magnetic only circuit-breaker with residual current X X X
Residual current circuit-breaker X
Fuse X X X
Switch-fuse X X X
Thermal-magnetic motor protector X X X
Magnetic only motor protector X X
Thermal relay X

DOC automatically assigns cable protection to the most suitable device on the supply side.
However, the program selections can be changed by pressing the “Advanced Options >>>” or
“Protected Objects” buttons, which are always present in the windows dedicated to each
protection device.

Removal of the protection restrictions of switching devices or busways could leave these
objects unprotected in the case of a fault.
You are advised to use this option very carefully.

DOC – User manual – page 78

 Window for assigning the protections.

DOC – User manual – page 79

 5.1.3. Protection verification

Curves module manual

This Chapter only contains basic indications about using the curves module.
For a detailed explanation about how to set the releases and on the functionalities of the
application, please consult the “Curves Manual” under the “Help Curves” item of the “INFO”
tab of DOC).

Protection verification is performed with the curves module, which is enabled by clicking over
the “Curves” icon of the “Tools” menu in the “HOME” tab (shown on the left).

Once the command is given, DOC displays a new work environment where you can work on
the curves of the devices in the diagram and on all the available settings

Main curves module window.

“Relations”, i.e. the list of protections verified by DOC, are shown in the lower part of the
screen.

DOC – User manual – page 80

 The “Relations” window is divided into four columns:
· Object on the supply side (protection device, a circuit-breaker or a fuse).
· Object on the load side (object protected, typically a cable).
· Corroborating calculation performed by DOC (the calculation is made in real time as soon
as a curve is changed and in conformity with the previously described criteria).
· Present state of the verification.

If a protection relation is satisfactory, the text which describes it is black and the state is “OK”.
If a protection relation fails, the text which describes it is red and the state is “Failed”.

You can print the results of all the verifications made by DOC in Print of the Error! Reference
source not found. section (Cf. Chapter Error! Reference source not found.).

Examples of satisfactory and failed verifications

DOC – User manual – page 81

 5.1.4. Management of the protection device settings

When a protection relation fails you can proceed according to the indications given below so
as to understand the reasons for this and take the appropriate measures to make it
satisfactory

Verification of protection against overload

Overload verification

· Select the failed verification by ticking its box;

· The curves module will show the Time-Current diagram (I-t);
· The protection device and the cable to which the verification refers will be shown;
· Double click over the curve of the protection device;
· Change the setting of the thermal threshold (“L” threshold) until the current setting
between “Ib” (load current) and “Iz” (cable carrying capacity) falls;
· The color of the message will change in real time from red to black, when the protection
relation has been verified.

DOC – User manual – page 82

 Verification of protection against short-circuit

Short-circuit verification

· Select the failed verification by ticking its box;

· The curves module will display the diagram of the specific let-through energy (I-I 2t);
· The protection device and the cable to which the verification refers will be shown;
· There may be large circuit-breakers fitted with electronic releases: in this case enable
functions “S” and “I” of the electronic release and change the setting until the circuit-
breaker curve is completely under the cable curve;
· The color of the message will change in real time from red to black, when the
protection relation has been verified.

DOC – User manual – page 83

 Verification of protection against indirect contacts

Indirect contact verification

· Select the failed verification by ticking its box;

· The curves module will display the Phase-earth fault current – Time (I-t LPE) diagram
· Select the circuit-breaker curve by clicking over it;
· Click over the “min Ik” icon: the command makes a vertical straight line appear on the
diagram which represents the fault current at the end of the line. A positive
verification is obtained when the magnetic threshold of the circuit-breaker is on the
left of the fault current at the end of the line;
· Lower the magnetic threshold of the thermal-magnetic releases, or enable thresholds
“S” or “I” of the electronic releases and use sufficiently low setting values;
· The color of the message will change in real time from red to black, when the
protection relation has been verified.

DOC – User manual – page 84

 Discrimination verification

Discrimination verification

Discrimination is achieved when both the following conditions are satisfied:

· The circuit-breakers have been selected by assigning them the discrimination restriction
in the single-line diagram (Cf. Annex B, “LV circuit-breaker” chapter).
· The curve of the circuit-breaker on the supply side, in the Time-Current diagram, does
not intersect that of the circuit-breaker on the load side

When the program warns that discrimination verification has failed, it is advisable to proceed as
described below:
· Select the failed verification by ticking its box;
· The curves module will display the Time-Current diagram (I-t)
· Double click over the circuit-breaker on the supply side to access the window where its
release is set.
· If the release is the thermal-magnetic type (“Circuit-breaker with thermal magnetic relay”),
raise threshold “I” up to the maximum value allowed.
· If the release is the electronic type (“Circuit-breaker with electronic relay”), disable
function “I”;
o Once function “I” has been disabled, it is advisable to enable function “S” (protection
against delayed short-circuit);
o Raise threshold “S” both as to time and current until discrimination is obtained.
· The color of the message will change in real time from red to black, when the protection
has been verified.

DOC – User manual – page 85

 The hatched area appears in the diagram when a discrimination verification has been selected.
This area represents the maximum discrimination value which can be achieved by the pair of
circuit-breakers.

The maximum discrimination value is defined as:

· The magnetic setting of the circuit-breaker on the supply side minus the tolerance, if:
o The circuit-breaker on the supply side has an electronic release and function “I” is
enabled;
o The circuit-breaker has a thermal-magnetic release and the magnetic threshold “I”
setting is lower than the maximum value allowed.
· The discrimination value published in the ABB “Coordination Tables” if:
o The circuit-breaker on the supply side has an electronic release and function “I” is
disabled;
o The circuit-breaker has a thermal-magnetic release and the magnetic threshold “I”
setting equals the maximum value allowed.

Further Information about discrimination verification

The “QT1 - Discrimination in low voltage with ABB circuit-breakers” guide is available in the
“Help” menu. You are advised to consult it for in-depth information on the subject.

Discrimination studies between MV Apparatus and LV Apparatus

The “QT2 - MV/LV Substations: theory and short-circuit calculation examples” guide is available
in the “Help” menu. You are advised to consult it for in-depth information on the subject.

Inability to verify all the relations

It may not be possible to satisfy all the protection relations simultaneously, since a setting
made to satisfy one of them may not allow others to be satisifed.
This can occur, for example, if both protection against indirect contacts and discrimination
with circuit-breakers on the load side must be guaranteed using the same protection device:
the former requires a low magnetic setting, whereas the latter requires high values or
disablement of function “I”.
It is advisable to:
· Replace the thermal-magnetic releases with microprocessor ones, which have more
options during the setting stage.
· Use releases with the “G” function, which allows you to have high magnetic settings for
discrimination verification and low magnetic settings for protection against indirect
contacts.

DOC – User manual – page 86

 Back-up verification

DOC is able to select circuit-breakers coordinated by means of back-up.

This relationship does not require any further verification: back-up is a function of the
construction characteristics of the circuit-breakers and does not depend on the release
settings.
The back-up value is declared by the Manufacturer in the ““Coordination Tables”.

Use with Ekip Connect of the circuit-breaker settings obtained with DOC

DOC files can be opened with the Ekip Connect application for the purpose of managing the
electronic settings of ABB apparatus: the settings calculated by DOC will be visible to the
application and can be transferred to the apparatuses after the required verifications have
been performed by the user.

DOC – User manual – page 87

 5.2. Data export options of the curves module

5.2.1. Exporting data from the diagram

The curves module has two commands for exporting the diagram (“Copy graph”) and the
setting values (“Copy values”).

Once copied, the graph or values are pasted into any application which supports MS
Windows copy-paste.
Using these commands, you can create a customized document containing:
· The diagram shown on screen;
· The settings of the objects in the diagram;
· The verification currently selected (in this case, the objects visible will only be those
involved in the relative verification).

Document created by copy-paste of values and graph

DOC – User manual – page 88

 5.2.2. Copying the diagram onto the single-line diagram

From the curves module, you can add the diagram currently displayed onto the single-line
diagram, by means of the “Draw” icon.

Comply with the instructions below to draw a diagram in the single-line diagram:

· Select the page of the single-line diagram where you want to add the diagram, or create a
new one.
· Launch the curves module.
· Select the objects to be displayed in the diagram.
· Select the “Draw” command.
· DOC will temporarily show the single-line diagram.
· Give an initial click to determine the vertex at the top left of the diagram.
· Give a second click to determine the second vertex of the diagram. After the second click,
DOC will show the new curves module

Diagram drawn in the single-line diagram

DOC – User manual – page 89

 6. Drawing diagrams of auxiliaries

This chapter describes:

· the drawing functionalities not included in the power diagram.

After reading this chapter, the user will be able to:

· add purely graphic symbols to the diagram;
· draw simple key diagrams.

DOC – User manual – page 90

 6.1. Drawing the key diagram of the auxiliary circuits

This chapter describes how DOC can be used for drawing key diagrams.

6.1.1. Symbol toolbar for key diagrams.

When drawing key diagrams, the first step is to access the “Other apparatus” menu of the “LV
SYMBOLS” tab of the Ribbon area.
The “Measurement”, “Control” and “Symbols” menus will now be available to the users.

“Measurement” menu

“Control” menu

DOC – User manual – page 91

 “Symbols” menu

The devices in the “Control” and “Measure” menus must be completed with the product
codes by means of the automatic window that DOC 3 automatically proposes.
Apparatus/devices with only one connection point need not be connected to the network
obligatorily. On the other hand, devices with 2 connection points must be added to the
network context so that they are shown to be correctly connected to it.

DOC – User manual – page 92

 Key diagrams obtained with the “Symbols” menu allow you to draw purely Graphic Objects.
Purely Graphic Objects are not considered in the drawing of the power single-line diagram,
thus they do not affect the calculations in any way.

Use of the devices in the “Control” and “Measure” menus

Entry in the diagram of any of the devices in the “Control” and “Measure” menus results in
automatic opening of a specific window for selecting products. In practice, the user is
allowed to match the symbol to an ABB product.

Product window that opens when a voltmeter is added to the diagram

Apparatus/devices with one single connection point need not be connected to the network
obligatorily.

DOC – User manual – page 93

 Volmeter, push-button, transformer and indicator light: examples of devices that are not
obligatorily connected to the network

Apparatus/devices with 2 connection points must be connected to the network obligatorily

Disconnector, step-by-step relay, energy meter, voltage switch: examples of devices that
must be obligatorily connected to the network

All apparatus defined by means of the “Control” and “Measure” menus are available to the
user when the switchboard fronts are defined.

Connection of auxiliaries in the symbols menu

“Connection of auxiliaries” in the symbols menu is a particularly important graphic object
since it represents the line that must be drawn in order to connect the objects in the
auxiliaries diagram together.

DOC – User manual – page 94

 6.1.2. Drawing of key diagrams

1) Select “Connection of auxiliaries” and draw the main lines of the diagram.

Main lines of a key diagram

2) Add the contacts and coils that must be drawn.

Diagram with contacts and coils

DOC – User manual – page 95

 3) Close the diagram by adding “Connections of Auxiliaries”

Complete diagram

4) Finish the diagram by adding any “Push-buttons” required.

Complete diagram with push-buttons

5) Enter any explanatory texts required by means of the “Text” command in the “Tools” menu.

DOC – User manual – page 96

 Diagram with texts

Example of motor start-up.

DOC – User manual – page 97

 7. Printing of documentation and management of the design
pages

This chapter describes:

· creation of documentation;
· the diagram and documentation printing functions;
· the diagram and project data exportation functions.

After reading this chapter, the user will be able to:

· use the “Print manager” command in Quick access;
· create the documentation of the single-line diagram;
· fill in the layouts to customize the printout;
· export the documentation in .xls format
· export the diagram and documentation in .pdf. format

Printer configuration

Before printing, you must configure your predefined printer.

Use the “Print manager->Printer options…” command in Quick access. The command for setting
up the predefined printer is also available in the “Print manager” window

DOC – User manual – page 98

 7.1. Print manager

Once the drawing, calculation and verification stages of the plant are completed, you can
proceed to print the project documentation.
The printing functions are available using the “Print manager” command in Quick access.

With DOC, the project does not only comprise the single-line diagram, but also of other sections
which can be included and then printed as you like.
The Sections available are:
· Header (Cf. Chapter 7.2.1 “Header”);
· Dimensioning and verification criteria (Cf. Chapter 7.2.2 Printout of “Dimensioning and
verification criteria” section” section);
· Short-circuit calculation hypothesis (Cf. Chapter Error! Reference source not found.
Error! Reference source not found. section);
· Single-line diagram;

and with regard to Reporting…

· Utility
· Transformers
· UPS
· Short-circuit currents (IEC1363)
· Short-circuit calculation (Cf. Chapter Error! Reference source not found. Error!
Reference source not found. section);
· Cable protection
· Busbar duct protection
· List of MV products (Cf. Chapter 7.2.5 Printout ofPrintout of the “List of MV devices” and
“List of LV devices” sections);
· MV circuit-breaker-relay table (Cf. Chapter 7.2.6 Printout of the “List of MV Circuit-
breakers and relays” section);
· List of LV products (Cf. Chapter 7.2.5 Printout of the “List of MV devices” and “List of LV
devices”);
· List of LV circuit-breakers (Cf. Chapter Error! Reference source not found. Error!
Reference source not found.);
· List of LV cables (Cf. Chapter Error! Reference source not found. Error! Reference source
not found.);
· Busways
· Back-Up
· Discrimination
· Loads

DOC – User manual – page 99

 · List of Drives and Motors

To add a Section to the project, simply click over the ticking off box on the left of each Section.
This will generate one or more pages, whose previews will be immediately visible in the central
part of the “Print manager”.

Print manager: the list of the Sections available is visible on the left with the relative ticking off
box to include / exclude them from the documentation

DOC – User manual – page 100