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The document discusses the different stages of the information processing cycle: input, processing, storage, output, and communication. Input involves entering data into a computer through devices like keyboards. Processing involves the CPU calculating the data and storing it in memory. Storage saves data to memory or external devices. Output displays the data through devices like screens. Communication links all the stages and allows sharing of data between connected computers.

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Andrea Mae P. Palmero
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32 views2 pages

It. 2

The document discusses the different stages of the information processing cycle: input, processing, storage, output, and communication. Input involves entering data into a computer through devices like keyboards. Processing involves the CPU calculating the data and storing it in memory. Storage saves data to memory or external devices. Output displays the data through devices like screens. Communication links all the stages and allows sharing of data between connected computers.

Uploaded by

Andrea Mae P. Palmero
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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INPUT

In the input stage, the data is entered into the computer. There are many ways to do
this. In fact, there are as many ways to input data as there are input devices. You would
have learned about input devices in Grade 10 but just to refresh your memory, input
devices are things such as keyboards, touchscreens and microphones. The user inputs
the data (for example, by typing on a keyboard or speaking into a microphone) into the
computer. The device takes this data and converts it into a series of 1s and 0s (this is
called binary code).

PROCESSING
The central processing unit (CPU) inside the computer then takes that binary code and
does the calculations needed to get that data to display in a way that makes sense to
the user. The CPU works with the computer’s memory to get instructions on how to
display the information from the input device and stores it as pixels in the computer’s
memory. This information is sent to the output device to be translated and displayed in a
way that is useful. All of this takes a fraction of a second to do.

STORAGE
Storage is where the computer takes the input and stores it in its memory banks. There
are many ways to store the data, but the basic process is as follows:

1.The CPU writes the data to the computer’s temporary storage, or random access
memory (RAM).
2.The computer then waits for the user’s command to move the data from the RAM to
more permanent storage. If that command is given, the computer writes the data to
the disk drive.
3.Lastly, the computer saves the data in a location on the drive, either the default
storage location or a location set by the user. The user can then recall this stored
information at any time.

You can also store information using external storage devices (for example USB drives
or external hard drives).

OUTPUT
Output is where the computer takes the pixels from the processing stage and displays
them in a way that the user can see them. There are many kinds of output devices,
such as printers, screens, video and audio devices.

These devices make the raw data usable and visible, allowing human users to interpret
the data, turning it into information. This could be the sound waves of a song or the
letters in a document.

COMMUNICATION
Communication is linked to the other stages in the information processing cycle. Each
part of the cycle happens because one of the other steps came before it, meaning that
they are linked. This link is the communication aspect of the information processing
cycle. The most visible aspect of this is the relationship between input and output. Input
and output happen almost immediately (for example typing a letter on a keyboard
makes it appear almost immediately on a screen). This is communication between the
user and the computer.

Communication can then further be sent across a network to other computers. Think
about browsing the internet. The internet is basically a huge network of computers
linked across the world. Opening your browser connects you to those other computers
and these computers communicate with each other to give you what you are looking for.
Computers that are linked in a network also communicate with each other. Examples of
this are computers linked on a company’s intranet or those linked to a server.

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