Republic of the Philippines

Central Mindanao University

COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
Mechanical Engineering Department

NAME: VINCE DOMINICH J. MADRONERO

TECHNICAL DESCRIPTION REPORT

FEEDERS
AND
STORAGE
SILOS
FEEDERS

Feeders are machineries used in

TYPES
 Rotary feeder
 Vibratory feeder
 Screw feeder
 Apron feeder
 Bowl feeder
 Belt feeder
 Chain feeder
 ROTARY FEEDER
IMPORTANCE
Rotary feeders, also known as rotary airlocks or rotary valves, are commonly
used in industrial and agricultural applications as a component in a bulk or
specialty material handling system.

APPLICATION
Rotary feeders are primarily used for discharge of bulk solid material
from hoppers/bins, receivers, and cyclones into a pressure or vacuum-driven
pneumatic conveying system.

CONSTRUCTION
Components of a rotary feeder include a rotor shaft, housing, head plates,
and packing seals and bearings. Rotors have large vanes cast or welded on and
are typically driven by small internal combustion engines or electric motors.
VIBRATORY FEEDER

IMPORTANCE
Use both vibration and gravity to move material used to transport a large
number of smaller objects uncontrolled recovery of the material from top
of feeder controlled delivery of the material from bottom of feeder

APPLICATION
Vibratory feeders are used for wide variety of materials, including aggregate,
coal, and chemicals. Essentially, a vibrating feeder is a ramp which vibrates
to agitate material into falling down an incline. The vibrations spread
material evenly along the ramp, which results in a smooth discharge.

CONSTRUCTION
Vibrating feeder adopts the structural characteristics of double eccentric shaft
exciter to ensure that the equipment can withstand the impact of the falling of
large materials and has a large feeding capacity. In the production process, block
and granular materials can be sent from the storage bin to the receiving device
evenly, regularly and continuously, thereby preventing the receiving device from
blocking due to uneven feeding and extending the equipment service life.
 SCREW FEEDER
IMPORTANCE
Screw feeders are important for handling bulk materials, in which a rotating
helicoid screw moves the material forward, toward and into a process unit.

APPLICATION
It is capable of delivering dense slurries and dry granular
products with great accuracy at a range of operational speeds.

CONSTRUCTION
A helical blade is attached to a drive shaft which is coupled to a drive
unit. The shaft is supported by two end bearings and intermediate
bearings. The U-shaped trough has a cover plate with an opening for
loading the conveyor. A discharge opening is provided at the bottom of
the trough. The loading and discharging points can be located
anywhere along the trough. More than one feed hopper and discharge
hopper may be fitted according to the necessity.
 APRON FEEDER
IMPORTANCE
An apron feeder is a reliable feeding method for when the material to be
conveyed is lumpy, abrasive, heavy, high temperature, or where a feeding
solution is more robust than a traditional belt feeder is required.

APPLICATION
It is used for handling run of mine ore, can be found in factories and
concrete plants. Especially, it is preferred for jaw crushers and gyratory
crushers in the primary crushing units.

CONSTRUCTION
They are of a heavy-duty construction to take the shock from rocks dumped directly
on them. To cushion the blow of material dumped on the feeder, a large hopper may
be used to receive the dumped loads. The apron feeder consists of a series of
overlapping pans or plates which form a continuous chain like a conveyor belt. They
are generally installed on a slight decline and driven to throw material in the
downward direction. Widths of feeders range from one to 15 ft and lengths vary from
one (for the largest) to five times their width. Feeders are driven by less than one
horsepower up to 40-hp motors, depending on feeder size and expected load.
 BOWL FEEDER
IMPORTANCE
Bowl feeders are common devices used to feed individual component
parts for assembly on industrial production lines. They are used when a
randomly sorted bulk package of small components must be fed into
another machine one-by-one, oriented in a particular direction

APPLICATION
Bowl feeders are used as a material conveyor and automation equipment
that is essential for several manufacturing processes, such as: automotive,
chemical processing, electronics, food and beverage, foundry, glass, mining,
packaging, pharmaceuticals, railroad, and recycling.

CONSTRUCTION
The bowl has a helical track climbing the inside wall. By giving the bowl a circular
vibratory motion, parts dumped into the bowl will climb the helical track in single
file. As parts climb the track, they get oriented, and deflect disoriented parts back
into the center of the bowl. They will gradually be shaken so that they are all
aligned. They then leave the conveyor one by one, all in the same orientation.
The conveyor then leads directly to the following assembly or packing machine.
 BELT FEEDER
IMPORTANCE
Belt feeders are commonly used when material that is either stockpiled or
loaded (at an uncontrolled rate) in a bin or hopper needs to be introduced into
the system at a controlled feed rate. Able to handle a variety of materials, belt
feeders are reliable and useful in an endless amount of applications.

APPLICATION
(1) Coal handling for power plants,(2) Clinker and other raw materials for
cement plants, (3) Woodchip and bark handling for pulp/paper mills, (4)
Sludge handling for process applications, (5) Rail unloading/loadout, (6)
Granural products, (7) sand and more..

CONSTRUCTION
A belt feeder consists of a hopper positioned directly over a belt
conveyor. The belt conveyor “pulls” material out from under the
hopper, while an adjustable vertical strike-off plate controls the height
of material allowed to advance as the belt moves forward, or in other
words, the material profile on the belt. Skirt boards contain material on
the belt..
 CHAIN FEEDER

IMPORTANCE
Chain feeders are used to control the release of bulky material within a bin.

APPLICATION
This feeding mechanism is only applicably for the run of mine ore. It can be used in the
mine area. In the plant, it only feeds material to the primary crushers. However, it is not
suitable for fine (crushed or ground) materials feeding. It is used for rough and heavy
duty feeding process.

CONSTRUCTION
This feeder uses a series of very large, heavy chain that has been forged into loops.
These loops are placed over cogged wheels that are suspended over the ore
passage. The free end of the chain loops are hung down onto the rock. The size and
the weight of the chain links are sufficient to stop the flow of ore. To keep the ore
moving the chains are revolved, dragging the links over the ore will cause it to flow.
 STORAGE
SILOS

A silo is a structure for storing bulk

TYPES
 Cement silos
 Tower silos
 Bunker silos
 Bag silos
 Fabric silos
 Silo bins
 CEMENT SILO

IMPORTANCE
Cement silos are the warehouses where cement and other ash materials are
stored for concrete/mortar production.

APPLICATION
Cement is a mandatory binding element in the production of concrete. Cement is
stored for the operation of the concrete factory.

CONSTRUCTION
Cement Silos are made of a cylinder with parts made of strong steel sheet. A pipe
must be supplied to easily load the cement in such a container. Once the silo has
been brought into the area, it must be mounted completely vertically. It is placed in
tubular special metal supports to ensure that the design meets all safety
requirements. The base of the tank is made in the form of a cone, in which a louver is
mounted. Cement silo serves to buy and distribute cement. if the area is mounted
several silos, this structure is called cement storage. Cement silos are produced
between 30 and 120 tons in total. cement silo is very important for large scale
enterprises.
 TOWER SILOS

IMPORTANCE
Tower silos are used to storage that are able to withstand strong winds
and storm damages.

APPLICATION
In the old days, tower silos are used to store crops for feeding the animals.
Nowadays, due to advancements, these silos are used to store grains,
cement, and woodchips.

CONSTRUCTION
Tower silos are cylindrical structures, typically 10 to 90 ft in diameter and 30 to
275 ft in height. It can be made of concrete, brick, metal, wood, and other
materials.
 BUNKER SILOS
IMPORTANCE
It is used to hold large capacities, can be filled with conventional
farm equipment, offers fast unloading rates, inexpensive, and for
large operations.

APPLICATION
Bunker silos are used to store silage, coal, cement and many more.

CONSTRUCTION
Bunker silos are trenches, usually with concrete walls, that are filled
and packed with tractors and loaders. The filled trench is covered with
a plastic tarp to make it airtight.
 BAG SILOS
IMPORTANCE
Bulk bags – also known as silo bags – can be a handy option for collecting
grain direct from the chaser bin and storing it at a central site on the farm.
The products are stored in a safe, economical and profitable way.

APPLICATION
It can be used to store cereals, pulses, legumes, oilseeds, almonds,
almond hulls, cotton seed and most other agricultural commodities.

CONSTRUCTION
Silo bags consist of three layers of polyethylene totaling 250 microns thick. The outer
layer is white to reflect solar radiation, and the inner layer is black to block sunlight. A
typical silo bag is about 60 meters long, 3 meters in diameter, and can store as much
as 200 tons of wheat, maize and soybeans, though they can be smaller by simply
using less of the bag. When properly sealed, the silo bag is watertight and has a high
degree of gas tightness to CO2 and O2.
 FABRIC SILOS

IMPORTANCE
Designed for storing powder products for the food industry (e.g. flours,
sugars) and other raw materials (plastics), fabric silos consist of a robust
modular galvanized or painted steel supporting frame

APPLICATION
Fabric silos are designed to store relatively small amounts of bulk products
in closed rooms: wheat and rye flour; polymer granules; wood pellets
secondary crumb and etc..

CONSTRUCTION
Flexible fabric silos are made by means of a metal frame and a bag made of
antistatic fabric, so shipment becomes cost-effective and installation is very
quick. The top of the bag is made of a filtering fabric and ensures a dust free
surrounding environment during pneumatic filling..
 SILO BINS

IMPORTANCE
Silo bins are important for storing bulk materials.

APPLICATION
Typically used for holding dry matter such as cement or grain. Grain is often dried in a
grain dryer before being stored in the bin. The stored material may be powdered, as
seed kernels, or as cob corn.

CONSTRUCTION
Bins may be round or square, but round bins tend to empty more easily due to a lack
of corners for the stored material to become wedged and encrusted. Due to the dry
nature of the stored material, it tends to be lighter than silage and can be more easily
handled by under-floor grain unloaders. To facilitate drying after harvesting, some
grain bins contain a hollow perforated or screened central shaft to permit easier air
infiltration into the stored grain.