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7.6 Second and Third Order Determinants

This document provides an overview of determinants and their properties for second and third order matrices. It defines determinants and lists some key properties, including that the determinant is 0 if the matrix is singular or if rows or columns are linearly dependent. It also discusses Cramer's rule for solving systems of linear equations using determinants.

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Redha Iker
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294 views5 pages

7.6 Second and Third Order Determinants

This document provides an overview of determinants and their properties for second and third order matrices. It defines determinants and lists some key properties, including that the determinant is 0 if the matrix is singular or if rows or columns are linearly dependent. It also discusses Cramer's rule for solving systems of linear equations using determinants.

Uploaded by

Redha Iker
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Maths342

7.6 For Reference Second and Third order

Determinants

Dr. Nasser Metwally

Department of Mathematics, college of Science

March 16, 2020


Determinants
A determinant of second order is dened by

a11 a12
D = det{A} =

a21 a22
= a11 a22 − a12 a21

Some important properties of determinants


I The matrix A is invertible if Det{A} = 6 0
I The matrix A is called singular if |A| = 0
I If a is a triangle matrix, then |A| = the product of the diagonal
2 −40 10

elements. Ex |A| = 0 3 12 = 24

0 0 4
I If A has a row or column is zero, then |A| = 0.
I If one row or column of A is a multiply of another row or
column then |A| = 0.
Some important properties of determinants

I The value of the determinant doesn't alter if its row are


written as columns
in the same order. Ex
1 3 0
6 4 2 4 2 6

|A| = 2 6 4 = 1 −1 2 + 0 −1 0 = −12.
− 3

0 2

−1 0 2
Now, if we switch into column then,
1 2 −1
6 0 3 0 3 6

|A| = 3 6 0 = 1 − 2
0 2 − 1 0 4 = −12.

4 2

0 4 2
I If any two row or (two columns) of a determinant are
interchanged, the value of the determinant is multiplied by −1.
I The determinant can be developed bay any row or column.
Some important properties of determinants

I If P1 (x1 , y1 ) and P2 (x2 , y2 ) are any two distinct points, one


can determine the line which passes through them by using the
x y 1

denition of the determinant x1 y1 1 = 0 The determinant



x2 y2 1
is equivalent
to the
equation of the line
ax + by + c = 0,
y1 1 x1 1
where a = and b = −
x2 1 .
y2 1

Cramer's rule

The determinant can be used to solve a system of linear equation,


by means of waht is called Cramer's rule. Consider that you are
given the following system

4x + 3y = 2
2x + 5y = −8
Dy
Then the solution by x 1 = D and x2 = D , where
is given Dx

4 3
and Dx = 12 3 , Dy = 4 2 .


D =
3 5 −8 4 2 −8
Also, determinant can by used to solve large system of equations as
we shall see on the next lecture

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