EEE435-Industrial Electronics

Lab # 04

To construct a PLC ladder program for Simple and Complex

Light Control using Siemens S7-200 PLC and Micro win software

Name Haseeb Ahmad

Registration Number FA18-BEE-076-P

Class FA18-Power

Instructor’s Name Faisal Tariq

LAB OBJECTIVES:

1. To construct a ladder program for simple light control using Siemens Microwin software and S7-
200 unit
2. To construct a ladder program for complex light control using Siemens Microwin software and
S7-200 unit

SOFTWARE:

• Micro win

HARDWARE:

• PLC trainer with S7-200 PLC

METHODOLOGY:

Special memory bits provide a variety of status and control functions, and also serve as means of
communicating information between the 200 and your program. Special memory bits can be used as
bits, bytes, words, or double words. The SM bits provide a means for communicating information
between the CPU and your program. These bits (SM1.0 to SM1.7) are set and reset by instructions at
execution time.

First of all, I revised and learned different types of memory areas. These are:

1. Process-Image Input Register (I)

This can be accessed in bit, byte, word, or double word: Bit: Isbyte address]...[bit address); Example:
I0.1 Byte, Word, orDouble Word: I[size][starting byte address); Example: IB4

2. Process-Image Output Register (Q)

This can be accessed in bit, byte, word, or double word: Bit: Qsbyte address]...[bit address); Example:
Q1.1 Byte, Word, or Double Word: Qssize|[starting byte address); Example: QB5

3. Variable Memory Area (V)

This can be accessed in bit, byte, word, or double word.

4. Bit Memory Area (M)

The bit memory area (M memory) can be used as control relays to store the intermediate status of an
operation or other control information in bit, byte, word, or double word

5. Special Memory (SM)

The SM bits provide a means for communicating information between the CPU and your program.
You can use these bits to select and control some of the special functions of the PLC-200 CPU, such
as: a bit that turns on for the first scan cycle, a bit that toggles at a fixed rate, or a bit that shows the
status of math or operational instructions. You can access the SM bits as bits, bytes, words, or double
words: Bit: SM[byte address] [bit address]; Example: SM0.1
Then I learned about the timers. A timer is a set of PLC instructions that automatically starts or stops
machines and other devices when a present time period has been exceeded. The On-Delay Timer
(TON) and Retentive On-Delay Timer (TONR) instructions count time when the enabling input (IN)
is on. The timer number (Txx) determines the resolution of the timer, and the resolution (yyms) is also
shown in the instruction box.

Then I moved towards Add to Table, First in First out, Last in First out and Int to Byte instructions. I
first construct ladder diagram for a led blinking sequence. First without using add to table instructions.
Then I constructed the ladder diagram for same sequence but using Add to table, FIFO and Int to byte
instructions. The sequence is given below:

Task 1:

Use Micro win to make led control networks using table

Circuit:
Results (Graphs/tables) with duly Critical Analysis

The concept and working of table process is cleared after this task.
Task 2:

Assignment of Lab

Circuit:
CONCLUSION:

I come to know about how to use the add to table, FIFO and in to byte instruction. I was able to use
different types of memories and also I was able to draw any led blinking sequence with time delay.I
was able to construct ladder diagrams using on timers and off timers. I learned how to use the rotate
instructions, I was able how to use timer in implementing logic. I leant How to Design the following
network in PLC ladder logic to create the inching control. All results were calculated and attached
with this report.

The End of Lab Report 4

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 EEE435-Industrial Electronics

Lab # 05

To construct a PLC ladder program for Traffic Light Control

using Siemens S7- 200 PLC and Micro win software

Name Haseeb Ahmad

Registration Number FA18-BEE-076-P

Class FA18-Power

Instructor’s Name Faisal Tariq

LAB OBJECTIVES:

3. To construct a ladder program for a traffic light controller using using Siemens Micro win
software and S7-200 unit.
4. To construct a state ladder program for a traffic light control using using Siemens Micro win
software and S7-200 unit

SOFTWARE:

• Micro win

HARDWARE:

• PLC trainer with S7-200 PLC

METHODOLOGY:

Before starting this lab a question rise, what is traffic control systems, Traffic lights are also named as
stoplights, road traffic lamps, traffic signals, stop-and-go lights which are signaling devices placed at
road crossings, everyday pedestrian crossings and other locations to control competing flows of
traffic. Traffic lights have been fixed all over the world in many cities. Traffic light control assigns a
right way to the road users by using lights in normal colors (red – amber/yellow – green). Traffic light
control system uses a worldwide color code (a specific color order to enable color recognition for
those who are color blind).

Traffic lights were first invented in the year 1868 at London’s House of Commons where traffic light
signals were placed at intersections of George and Bridge Street. Later the traffic lights were
developed in the year 1914 by an American Traffic Signal Company, which fixed green and red lights
at corners of the 105th street and Euclid Avenue in Cleveland, Ohio. During this period traffic lights
were controlled either by timing or by switching manually.

Typically traffic lights consist of three types of colored lights such as red, orange and green. In a
typical cycle, turning on of a green light allows traffic to continue in the way indicated. Similarly,
lighting of the amber/orange light for a short time of transition represents a signal to prepare to stop,
and the Illumination of the red signal disallows any traffic from going on.

In this lab I designed a PLC Ladder Program for Traffic Light Control.

The traffic light control module of PLC trainer is equipped with six traffic lights. The lights L0 to L5
are internally connected to PLC outputs Q0.0 to Q0.5. These lights are enabled with switch SW3.

L0 and L3 (green) L1 and L4 (yellow) L2 and L5 (red).

The traffic light controller can be accomplished by using register shift or register rotate instructions,
we will write the ladder program with Timer instruction since the register rotates the instructions. The
design of the traffic light controller will focus on the timing analysis. Timing diagram of Figure shows
that the light sequence of both directions is different. The on time of Main Street’s green light 10
seconds, while Side Street’s green light will be on for 5 seconds. The ladder diagram of the traffic
light controller in conventional programming basically depends upon the ON-Delay Timer (TON)
instruction.
SCR instructions provide you with a simple yet powerful state control programming technique that
fits naturally into a ladder program. Whenever your application consists of a sequence of operations
that must be performed repetitively, SCR instructions can be used to structure your program so that it
corresponds directly to your application. As a result, you can program and debug your application
very quickly and easily. The Load SCR instruction loads the SCR and logic stacks with the value of
the S bit. The SCR segment is energized or de-energized by the resulting value of the SCR stack. The
value of the SCR stack is copied to the top of the logic stack so that boxes or output coils can be tied
directly to the left power rail without an intervening contact.

The SCR instruction marks the beginning of a SCR segment, and the SCR End (SCRE) instruction:
marks the end of an SCR segment. All logic between the SCR and the SCRE instructions are
dependent upon the value of the S stack for its execution. Logic between the SCRE and the next SCR
instruction is not dependent on the value of the S stack.

Task 1:

Use Micro win to make traffic control network

Circuit:
Critical Analysis:

In this task traffic light network made by conventional method which creates much difficulties to
handle the program, on the other hand the concepts were learned.
Task 2:

Use Micro win to make traffic control network through SCR

Circuit:
Critical Analysis:

In this task traffic control made by SCR method which make easiness to handle the program, and the
concepts were learned.

CONCLUSION:

In this lab I have studied about Traffic Light Control and implement it using PLC Ladder Logic in the
lab. I learnt that we cannot use S bit in more than one routine, I also cannot jump into or out of an
SCR segment during its scan process and END instruction cannot be used in an SCR segment.

I also come to know that Traffic controllers use the concept of phases, which are directions of
movement grouped together For instance, a simple T-junction may have three vehicle movement
phases, one for each arm of the junction. There may be additional phases for other movements such as
pedestrians, cyclists, bus lanes or tramways.

The End of Lab Report 5

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 EEE435-Industrial Electronics

Lab # 06

Implement the Digital Clock using 7-Segment Display on PLC

Name Haseeb Ahmad

Registration Number FA18-BEE-076-P

Class FA18-Power

Instructor’s Name Faisal Tariq

LAB OBJECTIVES:

5. To construct a ladder program for a digital clock using Siemens Micro win software and S7-200
unit.
6. To construct a ladder program for a calendar clock using Siemens Micro win software and S7-200
unit

SOFTWARE:

• Micro win

HARDWARE:

• PLC trainer with S7-200 PLC

METHODOLOGY:

Before starting this lab a question rise, what is seven segment display? Seven segment displays are the
output display device that provide a way to display information in the form of image or text or
decimal numbers which is an alternative to the more complex dot matrix displays. It is widely used in
digital clocks, basic calculators, electronic meters, and other electronic devices that display numerical
information. It consists of seven segments of light emitting diodes (LEDs).

The number 8 is displayed when the power is given to all the segments and if you disconnect the
power for ‘g’, then it displays number 0. In a seven segment display, power (or voltage) at different
pins can be applied at the same time, so we can form combinations of display numerical from 0 to 9.
Since seven segment displays can not form alphabet like X and Z, so it can not be used for alphabet
and it can be used only for displaying decimal numerical magnitudes. However, seven segment
displays can form alphabets A, B, C, D, E, and F, so they can also used for representing hexadecimal
digits.
In this lab I have perform the 7-Segment Display module of the PLC Trainer. This display is
scanned or multiplexed a 4-digit common-cathode 7-segment. In hardware implementation
the BCD data lines A to D are internally connected to PLC output. The Shift instructions shift
the input value IN left by the shift count N and load the result in the output OUT. The Divide
Integer instruction divides two 16-bit integers and produces a 32-bit result consisting of a 16-
bit remainder and a 16-bit quotient.

The OR Word instruction ORs the corresponding bits of two input values IN1 and IN2 and
loads the result in a memory location OUT. The Count Up instruction counts up the current
value each time the count up (CU) input makes the transition from off to on. When the
current value is greater than or equal to the present value PV, the counter bit turns on. The
counter is reset when the Reset (R) input turns on, or when the Reset instruction is executed.
The counter stops counting when it reaches the maximum value. The Multiply Integer
instruction multiplies two 16-bit integers to produce a 16-bit result loaded to output OUT.
The Add Integer instruction adds two 16-bit integers to produce a 16-bit result loaded to
output OUT.

Task 1:

Use Micro win to make Calendar clock using counter

Circuit:
Critical Analysis:

In this task digital clock network made by conventional method which creates much difficulties to
handle the program, on the other hand the concepts were learned.
Task 2:

Use Micro win to make clock network using RTC.

Circuit:
CONCLUSION:

In this lab I have studied about the 7-segment display using PLC trainer and implement the code using
micro win and show the reading through PLC. I also come to know that The "RTC" (Real Time
Clock) function block allows an internal clock to be implemented within a PLC controller. The clock
must be initialized with a starting date and time. After initialization, the time and date are updated
cyclically each time the function block is called.

The End of Lab Report 6

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