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Constructional Details:: OF A Transformer

The document summarizes the key constructional details of a distribution transformer. It describes the main parts as the core, windings, conservator tank, bushings, and breather. The core is made of silicon steel sheets and provides a low reluctance magnetic path between the two windings. The primary winding receives energy and the secondary winding delivers energy, often made of copper. A conservator tank allows for expansion and contraction of the oil inside the tank due to variations in load and temperature. Bushings provide insulation for output leads. A breather prevents moisture and dust from contacting the oil inside the conservator tank.

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Venkatesh Peruthambi
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118 views3 pages

Constructional Details:: OF A Transformer

The document summarizes the key constructional details of a distribution transformer. It describes the main parts as the core, windings, conservator tank, bushings, and breather. The core is made of silicon steel sheets and provides a low reluctance magnetic path between the two windings. The primary winding receives energy and the secondary winding delivers energy, often made of copper. A conservator tank allows for expansion and contraction of the oil inside the tank due to variations in load and temperature. Bushings provide insulation for output leads. A breather prevents moisture and dust from contacting the oil inside the conservator tank.

Uploaded by

Venkatesh Peruthambi
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILS OF A TRANSFORMER:

Constructional details of a distribution transformer as shown in figure1.1. The important


parts of the transformer are:

1. Core 2.Windings 3.Conservator 4.Brushings 5.Breather  6.Radiators

Fig: 1.1 constructional details of transformer

1.Core:       The transformer core is silicon steel or sheet steel with 4% silicon.


In addition to this , the sheets are laminated and are coated with an oxide
layer to reduce the iron losses.

                     The purpose of the core is to provide a magnetic path of low reluctance


between the two windings so that whenever one winding is excited, the flux
established by the winding will link fully with the other winding without
any leakage.

2.Winding: a conventional transformer has two windings. The winding which receives
the electrical energy is called the primary winding and the one which
delivers the electrical energy is known as secondary winding windings are
generally made of high grade copper. for carrying higher currents, standard
conductors are used.
3. Conservator Tank: When a transformer is oil-filled and self-cooled,the oil in the tank
is subjected to heat and thus will naturally expand and contract due
to the variations in the load current and is also subjected to
seasonal variations. The conservator tank provides the means for
the oil to settle down by expanding under heavy loads. Also
without such a tank, very high pressures will be developed inside.
It which could lead to the bursting of the tank.

4.Bushings: The purpose of the bushings is to provide proper insulation for the output
leads to be taken out from the transformer tank. Bushings used are
generally of two types:
(a)Porcelain type: which are used for voltage ratings of upto 33KV and
(b)Condenser type and oil filled type: which are used for voltage rating
                                     Higher than 33KV.
5. Breather: transformer oil should not exposed directly to the atmosphere because it
may absorb moisture and dust from the environment and may lose its
electrical properties(or dielectric strength of oil) in a very short time.
To avoid this from happening, a breather is provided. The breather
completely prevents the moisture and dust from coming into contact with the
oil in the conservator tank when it expands or contracts, depending on the
variations in the load.

Types of Transformers
Depending upon the manner in which the primary and secondary are wound on the
core, transformers are of two types viz.,
(i) Core-type transformer and
(ii) Shell-type transformer.
Core-type transformer.: In a core-type transformer, half of the primarywinding and half
of the secondary winding are placed round each limb asshown in Fig.1.1 . This reduces
the leakage flux. It is a usual practice toplace the low-voltage winding below the high-
voltage winding formechanical considerations.

Fig.1.1
Shell-type transformer: This method of construction involves the use of adouble
magnetic circuit. Both the windings are placed round the centrallimb (See Fig. 1.2), the
other two limbs acting simply as a low-reluctanceflux path.

Fig.1.2
The choice of type (whether core or shell) will not greatly affect the efficiencyof the
transformer. The core type is generally more suitable for high voltage andsmall output
while the shell-type is generally more suitable for low voltage and high output.

Methods of Cooling of Transformer: There are three methods Which are commonly
used for the cooling of the transformer winding and the core which are given below.
(a)Natural radiation: used for transformer having low voltage and output ratings
                                         (i.e up to 500V and 5KVA)
(b)Oil-filled and self cooled: used for large sized transformers with ratings up to
                                                  132KV and 100MVA.
(c)Forced cooling with air blast: Used for machines with ratings higher than 33KV
                                                    And 100KV.

Working Principle of Transformer


The working principle of transformer is very simple. It depends upon Faraday's law of
electromagnetic induction. Actually, mutual induction between two or more winding
is responsible for transformation action in an electrical transformer.

Faraday's Laws of Electromagnetic Induction


According to these Faraday's laws, "Rate of change of flux linkage with respect to time
is directly proportional to the induced EMF in a conductor or coil".

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