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Answer Key: Chemistry (Periodic Classification and Periodic Properties)

The document discusses chemistry concepts related to periodic classification and periodic properties. It provides 27 multiple choice questions with explanations of the answers. It also includes 3 short comprehension passages with related questions to test understanding of concepts like ionization energy, effective nuclear charge, and periodic trends. Overall, the document serves as a review of key ideas in periodic trends and properties through example questions and explanations.

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Dhruv Kuchhal
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95 views10 pages

Answer Key: Chemistry (Periodic Classification and Periodic Properties)

The document discusses chemistry concepts related to periodic classification and periodic properties. It provides 27 multiple choice questions with explanations of the answers. It also includes 3 short comprehension passages with related questions to test understanding of concepts like ionization energy, effective nuclear charge, and periodic trends. Overall, the document serves as a review of key ideas in periodic trends and properties through example questions and explanations.

Uploaded by

Dhruv Kuchhal
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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CHEMISTRY (PERIODIC CLASSIFICATION AND PERIODIC PROPERTIES)

ANSWER KEY

1. (d) 2. (b) 3. (c) 4. (a) 5. (b) 6. (b)


7. (a) 8. (d) 9. (d) 10. (a) 11. (d) 12. (a), (b),
(d)
13. (a), (d) 14. (a), (c), 15. (a), (b), 16. (a), (b), 17. (a), (d) 18. (b), (c),
(d) (c) (d) (d)
19. (a), (b), 20. (c), (d) 21. (16) 22. (3.88) 23. (a) 24. (c)
(c)
25. (b) 26. (b) 27. (b) 28. (d) 29. (c) 30. (d)
31. (c) 35. (a) -780 kJ/mol
(b) -420 kJ/mol

SOLUTIONS

SINGLE CHOICE QUESTIONS

Solution 1: (d)
W: Phosphorus Y: Oxygen X: Sulphur Z: Cholrine
Electronegativity: O > Cl > S > P
Catenation: S > P > O > Cl
Electron Affinity: Cl > O > S > P
Oxygen exhibits covalency of two only

Solution 2: (b)
(i) Alkali metal carbonates do not decompose even at red hot temperatures → V
(ii) Transition metal ions having unpaired d-electrons are coloured in aq. sol./compounds → X
(iii) In case of Kr, van der Waals' radius is considered, which is largest atomic radius → Y
(iv) Si atom has acidic oxide, SiO2 → W

Solution 3: (c)
The hydroxy compound of element X is acidic (pH<7). (property generally shown by non-
metals)
The hydroxy compound of element Y is amphoteric. (can be a metal, non-metal or metalloid)
The hydroxy compound of element Z is alkaline. (property of a metal)
We know that, in general, along a period, the acidic character of the hydroxides increases and
basic character decreases. Thus, the order of the given elements along left to right in a period
will be – Z, Y, X.
• As the electronegativity increases from left to right, the decreasing order would be – X to
Y to Z.
• The atomic radius decreases from left to right in a period, the decreasing order would be
– Z to Y to X.
• X, Y and Z could be phosphorus, aluminium and sodium respectively as their hydroxides
are acidic, amphoteric and alkaline respectively.

Solution 4: (a)
Correct order: La3+ > Eu3+ > Gd3+ > Lu3+

Solution 5: (b) The removal of third electron from aluminium is easier as the element attains
stable noble gas configuration whereas phosphorous attains stable half-filled configuration after
removal of two electrons and thus removal of third electron becomes difficult. The values of
third ionisation energy for aluminium and phosphorous are-
IE3 (Aluminium) = 2744.8 kJ/mole
IE3 (Phosphorous) = 2914.1 kJ/mole

Solution 6: (b)
In the isoelectronic species, all isoelectronic anions belong to the same period and cations to the
next period.

Solution 7: (a)
The electronegativity difference between M1 and O is 0.1, which indicates M1 – O bond will be
covalent, since O–H bond having more ionic character thus bond will break and H+ ions will
release, and acidic solution is formed. Whereas difference between electronegativity of M2–O
bond is 2.3, thus, M2–OH bond will break. Hence, solution will be basic in nature.

Solution 8: (d)
Lanthanide contraction is not present between 3d and 4d series.

Solution 9: (d)
EA + IE
= EN
544
10
EA + 3 EA
= EN
544
EA = 351 kJ/mol

Solution 10: (a)


(A) [Xe]4f145d106s2, last e– goes to 5d subshell so it is a d-block element and 5d subshell is
fulfilled so it is not considered as transition element (A → R)
(B) [Rn]5f145d107s2, last e– goes to 5f subshell so it is f-block or inner-transition element (B →
T)
(C) [Xe]4f145d106s26p67s2, last e– goes to 7s subshell so it is s-block or representative element (C
→ P, S).
(D) [Xe]4f145d26s2, last e– goes to 5d subshell so it is a d-block element and 5d subshell is
partially field so it is also considered as transition element (D → Q, R).

Solution 11: (d)


(a) W(2, 8, 7)

(b) X(2, 8, 18, 8)

(c) Y(2, 8, 14, 2)

(d) Z(2, 8, 18, 25, 8, 2)

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS

Solution 12: (a), (b), (d)


(a) |ΔH4| = |ΔH5| [(ΔHeg.)X = (ΔHIE)X–]
(b), (c) → ΔH3 > ΔH2 > ΔH1
(c) |ΔH1| = |ΔH6| [(ΔHIE)X = (ΔHeg.)X+]

Solution 13: (a), (d)


Based on group classification in qualitative analysis.

Solution 14: (a), (c), (d)


The compounds S, T and U will be NaCl, MgCl2 and AlCl3 respectively.
• NaCl does not give precipitate with NaOH.
• MgCl2 reacts with NaOH to give white precipitate of Mg(OH)2 which doesn’t
dissolve further on adding more base.
• AlCl3 reacts with NaOH to give gelatinous precipitate of Al(OH)3. On using excess
NaOH sodium aluminate (NaAlO2) is formed, which is a soluble substance.
Thus, elements X, Y, Z could be sodium, magnesium and aluminium respectively.
➢ All three of them are metals.
➢ The electronegativity increases from Na to Mg to Al.
➢ The first ionisation energy increases from Na to Mg to Al.

Solution 15: (a), (b), (c)


According to given information X  Be and Y  N
(a) Possible hydride of N is NH3 (H —N̈—H bond angle is less than 109°28′)
(b) In BeX2, Be has two vacant p-orbitals.
(c) Magnetic moment of N > Be. (Number of unpaired e– in N > Be).
(d) N can exhibit variable oxidation states.

Solution 16: (a), (b), (d)


The correct order of radii is: Co  Ni  Cu  Zn

Solution 17: (a), (d)


(a) Sum of IE1 and IE2 is lower for element P.
(d) Sum of first four IE is lower for element Q.

Solution 18: (b), (c), (d)


(a) Fe < Fe2+ < Fe3+ [Zeff.  charge on cation]
1
(b) N3– < O2– < F– [Zeff.  ]
charge on anion
(c) Na+ < Mg2+ < Al3+
(d) Ti2+ < V3+ < Mn5+

Solution 19: (a), (b), (c)


H1, H2, H3 are negative whereas H4 is positive.

Solution 20: (c), (d)


Correct order is:
(b) Ge > Se > As > Br: Metallic character
(c) Si > Mg > Al > Na: Ionisation energy
(d) CI > F > Br > I: Electron affinity
NUMRIC ANSWER TYPE

Solution 21: (16.00)


Correct orders:
(i) HF > HCl > HBr > HI : Lewis basic character
(ii) CH4 < CCl4 < CF4 : Electronegativity of central 'C'-atom
(iii) Mg2+ < K+ < S2– < Se2–: Ionic radius
(iv) Ni > Pd > Pt : Ionisation energy
(v) As5+ > Sb5+ > Bi5+: Stable oxidation state
(vi) LiF > NaF > KF > RbF: Lattice energy
(vii) F(−aq.) > Cl(−aq.) > Br(−aq.) > I (−aq.) : Electrical conductance
(viii) Li+ < Mg2+ < Al3+: Hydration energy
(ix) Cl > Br > F > I : Electron affinity
(x) BeCl2 < AlCl3 < SiCl4 : Lewis acidic character

Solution 22: (3.88)


Let XH and XF be the electronegativity of H and F, then

XH − XF = 0.208 [EH−F − (EH−H × EF−F)1/2]1/2

XH − XF = 0.208 [134.6 − (104.2 × 36.6)1/2]1/2

XH − XF = 1.78 and XH < XF

Since, XH = 2.1

XF = 2.1+1.78 = 3.88

COMPREHENSION # 1 (FOR Q. 23 TO Q. 25)

Solution 23: (a)


Since the number of protons remains constant and number of electrons decreases by one for each
𝑝
successive ionization, the value of ratio increases.
𝑒

Solution 24: (c)


Cu = 745.5 kJ/mole
Ag = 731.0 kJ/mole
Au = 890.1 kJ/mole
Thus, order will be Au > Cu > Ag
Usually down the group ionization energy decreases. Both copper and silver have only d orbital
filled whereas in gold f electrons are also filled due to which the shielding effect is very less in
gold atoms. So, the force of attraction between nucleus and Valence electrons is high and so the
ionization energy.

Solution 25: (b)


The equation represents the removal of two successive electrons from the Mg atom. Thus, total
energy required will be (178+348) = 526 kcal/mol.

COMPREHENSION # 2 (FOR Q. 26 TO Q. 28)

Solution 26: (b)


24Cr  1s , 2s 2p , 3s 3p 3d , 4s
2 2 6 2 6 5 1

So extra electron now coming in 4s1 orbital.


 = (1 × 0.35) + (13 × 0.85) + (10 × 1.0) = 21.40
Z* = Z –  = 24.0 – 21.4 = 2.6

Solution 27: (b)

Solution 28: (d)


3Li  3 – (0.85 × 2)  1.3

11Na  11 – (0.85 × 8 + 1 × 2) = 11 – 8.8 = 2.2

19K  19 – (0.85 × 8 + 1 × 10) = 19 – 16.8 = 2.2

COMPREHENSION # 3 (FOR Q. 29 TO Q. 31)

Solution 29: (c)


According to the question, the sum of atomic numbers of
A + C = 2B = 14
D + F = 2E = 30
G + I = 2H = 166
Since, none of the element can be halogen and all the elements should be from p-block only, the
only possibility will be:
A = Carbon, B = Nitrogen, C = Oxygen
D = Silicon, E = Phosphorous, F = Sulphur
G = Lead, H = Bismuth, I = Polonium

The correct orders are -


➢ IE2 (Sulphur) > IE2 (Phosphorous)
➢ Z* (oxygen) = 4.55 and Z* (nitrogen) = 3.9. Thus, Z* (oxygen) > Z* (nitrogen)
➢ IE1 (Bismuth) > IE1 (Polonium)
➢ The electronegativity order of oxygen, sulphur and phosphorous is, oxygen > sulphur >
phosphorous.

Solution 30: (d)


(a) +5 oxidation state of H(Bi) is more stable than its +3 oxidation state. (false)
(b) G2+(Pb)2+ is better oxidising agent than G4+(Pb)4+. (false)
(c) +3 oxidation state of E(P) is more stable than its +5 oxidation state. (false)
(d) Pb > Sn(Tin): IE1 (true)

Solution 31: (c)


(a) B2C5 (N2O5) is acidic in nature
(b) AC2 (CO2) is acidic in nature
(c) FC3 (SO3) is basic in nature
(d) GC2 (PbO2) is amphoteric in nature

SUBJECTIVE ANSWER TYPE

Solution 32: (i) B, (ii) H, (iii) A, (iv) B, C, F, J, I, (v) A, (vi) I (vii) B, J (viii) E, H, K (ix) G
(x) L

Solution 33:
(a) Acidic - HBO, HDO acidic strength - HDO > HBO
(b) Basic - HAO, HCO Basic strength - HCO > HAO
(c) % Ionic character = 16 X A − X B + 3.5 ( X A − X B )
2

for CD = 16 (1.2) + 3.5 (1.2)2= 24.24 %


 Colourless.

Solution 34:
IE of F = 27.9110−22 kJ atom −1

= 27.9110−22  6.02 1023 kJ mol −1

= 1680.2kJ mol−1
IE of Cl = 20.77 10−22  6.02 1023 kJ mol −1

= 1250.35kJ mol−1

EA of F = −5.53 10−22  6.02 1023 kJ mol−1

= −332.91kJ mol−1

EA of Cl = −5.78 10−22  6.02 1023 kJ mol −1

= −347.96kJ mol−1

Let F = n1 moles and Cl = n2 moles


For the formation of cation

1680.2n1 + 1250.35n2 = 284

or n1 + 0.744n2 = 0.1690 ....... (i)

And for the formation of anion

332.91n1 + 347.96n2 = 68.8

or n1 + 1.045n2 = 0.207 ....... (ii)

from (i) and (ii)

n1 = 0.0785 mol

n2 = 0.123 mol

Total moles = 0.123 + 0.0785 = 0.2015


0.123
∵ Mol% of 𝐶𝑙 = 0.2015 × 100 = 61.04%

Mol% of 𝐹 = 38.96%

Solution 35: (a) – 780, (b) – 420


1
(a) A4 ( s ) + B2 ( s ) → AB2 ( s )
4
A4 → 4 A H1 = 1600
B2 → 2 B H 2 = 200
+
A→ A H 3 = 50
+ 2+
A →A H 4 = 150
B→B −
H 5 = −260
A2+ + 2 B − → AB2 H 6 = x

Now, using Born-Haber cycle,


1
𝛥𝐻1 + 𝛥𝐻2 + 𝛥𝐻3 + 𝛥𝐻4 + 2𝛥𝐻5 + 𝛥𝐻6 = 𝛥𝐻𝑓
4

1
 1600 + 200 + 50 + 150 − 520 + x = −500
4
 400 + 200 + 50 +150 − 520 + x = −500
 280 + x = −500
 x = −780 kJ/mol

1
(b) D3 ( g ) + 2C ( s ) → C2 D( s )
3
C ( s ) → C (g) H1 = 100
D3 → 2 D H 2 = 90
+
C →C H 3 = 150
−
D→D H 4 = −50
D →D− 2−
H 5 = 100
2C + + D 2− → C2 D H 6 = −1000

Now, using Born-Haber cycle,


1
2H1 + H 2 + 2H 3 + H 4 + H 5 + H 6 = H f
3

 200 + 30 + 300 − 50 + 100 −1000 = H f

 −420 kJ/mol = H f
Solution 36:
(1) Yes (2) AlO2– (3) Yes (4) SiI4 (5) Yes (6) Yes
(7) Yes (8) Yes (9) Yes (10) KI3 (11) Cr2O72– (12) Yes
(13) Yes (14) TiO2 (15) CuF2 (16) AgF (17) Yes (18) Yes
(19) Yes (20) K2O (21) Yes (22) K2Se (23) Yes (24) Yes
(25) Yes (26) Fe2O3 (27) No (28) No (29) Yes (30) Bi2O3
(31) Yes (32) Yes (33) SnS (34) Yes (35) CdF2 (36) XeF6
(37) FeO (38) Yes (39) Yes (40) Yes (41) Yes (42) Yes
(43) Yes (44) NiCl2 (45) Yes (46) Yes (47) Rb (CN)

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