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Uncertainty in Measurements - Lab Report

The document describes an experiment to calibrate a 10 ml pipette. It involves measuring the mass of water delivered by the pipette over 10 trials and calculating the volume using water density values at the recorded temperature. The results show that the pipette consistently delivered 10 ml volumes with no deviation, demonstrating it was accurately calibrated. Calibration is important to minimize measurement uncertainty and ensure reliability of results. Accuracy refers to closeness to a standard value while precision refers to consistency between measurements.

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Stania
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140 views4 pages

Uncertainty in Measurements - Lab Report

The document describes an experiment to calibrate a 10 ml pipette. It involves measuring the mass of water delivered by the pipette over 10 trials and calculating the volume using water density values at the recorded temperature. The results show that the pipette consistently delivered 10 ml volumes with no deviation, demonstrating it was accurately calibrated. Calibration is important to minimize measurement uncertainty and ensure reliability of results. Accuracy refers to closeness to a standard value while precision refers to consistency between measurements.

Uploaded by

Stania
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Name: Stania McIntosh

Title: Uncertainty in Measurements


Aim: To calibrate a pipette
Materials: Conical flask 10 ml pipette 100 ml beakers distilled water digital scale
Thermometer timer three-way safety bulb pipette filler measuring cylinder
Apparatus:

DRAWING SHOWING SET-UP OF APPARATUS USED IN PIPETTE CALIBRATION


Method:
1. 100 ml distilled water was poured into a 250ml conical flask and allowed to stand for 15 mins.
2. The temperature of the water was recorded.
3. The masses of 10 beakers that have been washed and dried was found and recorded.
4. The 10ml pipette was filled with distilled water to the zero mark.
5. The 10ml was run into one of the weighed beakers and the mass of the beaker with the water was
found and recorded.
6. The temperature of the water was measured, and the average temperature was calculated.
7. Steps 3-6 were repeated for ten trials.
8. The data given in the Table below and the relationship between density of water and its
temperature was used to calculate the volume delivered by the burette from the actual mass and
the density specific to the temperature recorded at the start of the experiment.
9. The results were recorded in a suitable table and the calibration was repeated until an agreement
of  0.02 was achieved.

Table Showing the Temperature and Corresponding Density of Water

Temperature °C Density g/cm3


28 0.9962
29 0.9959
30 0.9956
31 0.9953
32 0.9950
33 0.9947

Results:

TABLE SHOWING MASS AND VOLUME OF WATER AND STANDARD DEVIATION VALUES

Trials Temperature Mass of Mass of Mass of Volume Deviation (x – x’)2


°C Beaker Beaker Water (g) of Water (x – x’)
(g) and Water (cm3)
(g)
1. 28 52 62 10 10 0 0
2. 28 51 61 10 10 0 0
3. 28 52 62 10 10 0 0
4. 28 50 60 10 10 0 0
5. 28 50 60 10 10 0 0
6. 28 51 61 10 10 0 0
7. 28 51 61 10 10 0 0
8. 28 52 62 10 10 0 0
9. 28 50 60 10 10 0 0
10. 28 51 61 10 10 0 0

Calculations:

1. Density of water = 1 g/cm3

Volume of water = 10 cm 3

Mean mass of water = (10 cm3 * 10) / 10


2. Error associated with pipette.

Error = accepted value - mean value

= 10 cm3 - 10 cm3

=0

3. Accuracy of water from pipette

Accuracy = mean value +/- error

= 10 cm3 +/- 0

= 10 cm3

4. Standard Deviation

√
Σ (x-x’)2
s= N-1

s= √ 9

s= 0

Discussion:

Calibration is the process of comparing a reading on one piece of equipment or system, with another
piece of equipment that has been calibrated and referenced to a known set of parameters. The goal of
calibration is to minimize measurement uncertainty by ensuring the accuracy of equipment.

Calibration defines the accuracy and quality of the measurements collected from a piece of equipment. It
is common for accuracy to gradually “drift” when using technologies so in order to be confident in the
results obtained and to collect reliable, accurate and repeatable measurements there will a need for
ongoing calibration.

Accuracy refers to the closeness of a given value to a known or standard value of measurement while
precision refers to the closeness of two or more measurements that have been carried out the same way.
Precision is determined by replicate measurement and is independent of accuracy.
A mean is defined as the sum of a group of measurements divided by the number of measurements.
Standard deviation (s) is a measure of the variation of a set of measurements about a mean value. It s
typically called the uncertainty in a measurement.

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