Chemistry Review Unit III (Atomic Structure)

__ 1) Rutherford was able to show that the (volume, mass) _______________ of the nucleus is
large in relation to the atom.

__ 2) Most of the volume of an atom is _______________.

__ 3) The particles in the nucleus are called _______________.

__ 4) The total number of protons in the nucleus of an atom is the _______________.

__ 5) The total number of nucleons in the nucleus of an atom is the _______________.

__ 6) Atoms with the same atomic number but different mass numbers are called __________.

__ 7) Nucleons having a mass of about 1 amu and no charge are called _______________.

__ 8) Neutral atoms have

a) more negative charge than positive charge
b) more positive charge than negative charge
c) variable amounts of charge
d) equal amounts of positive and negative charge

__ 9) A particle that is present in every atom is the

a) positron
b) proton
c) neutron
d) neutrino

__ 10) The charge on the nucleus of an atom is due to

a) neutrons
b) positrons
c) protons
d) electrons

__ 11) All atoms of a given element have the same

a) number of nucleons
b) number of protons
c) number of neutrons
d) atomic mass

__ 12) The neutrons of an atom

a) revolve around the nucleus
b) contribute to the atomic weight
c) are positively charged
d) determine the atomic number

__ 13) The subatomic particles that have equal but opposite charges are
a) proton and electron
b) nucleon and neutron
c) neutron and proton
d) neutron and electron
__ 14) Which of the following particles has the smallest mass?
a) proton
b) neutron
c) alpha particle
d) electron

__ 15) A pure substance whose atoms have all the same atomic number is
a) a compound
b) an element
c) a radical
d) a mixture

__ 16) An atom containing 9 protons, 10 neutrons and 9 electrons has a mass number of
a) 28
b) 19
c) 18
d) 9

__ 17) The standard now used for atomic weight is

a) 16O
b) 1H
c) 32S
d) 12C

__ 18) The atomic mass of phosphorus is 30.97. This fractional mass is due to the existence of
two or more
a) compounds
b) isomers
c) isotopes
d) ions

__ 19) The electron has approximately 1/1836 of the mass of

a) an atom of plutonium
b) the nucleus of 1H
c) the nucleus of 2H
d) an atom of iron

__ 20) Compare the proton and the electron from the standpoint of each of the following:
a) mass
b) magnitude of charge
c) sign of charge

__ 21) Compare the proton and the neutron from the standpoint of each of the following:
a) mass
b) magnitude of charge
c) sign of charge

__ 22) Distinguish between the atomic number and the mass number. Distinguish between the
mass number and the atomic weight that appears in the Periodic Table.

__ 23) How many electrons are in a neutral atom of 7Li?

a) 7
b) 10
c) 3
d) 4
__ 24) The nucleus of a fluorine atom has a charge of
a) +1
b) +9
c) +19
d) 0

__ 25) The number of protons in the nucleus of 13C is

a) 19
b) 13
c) 7
d) 6

__ 26) The mass number of an atom is equal to the number of its

a) electrons, only
b) protons, only
c) electrons and protons
d) neutrons and protons

__ 27) The existence of fractional masses (e.g., 12C: m = 12.011 amu) is best explained by the
a) mass of electrons
b) existence of isotopes
c) inaccuracies in determining atomic masses
d) varying numbers of protons in an atom's nucleus

__ 28) Isotopes of an element have a different

a) number of electrons
b) number of protons
c) atomic number
d) number of neutrons

__ 29) Isotopes of an element have the same number of

a) protons and electrons
b) protons and neutrons
c) neutrons
d) nucleons

__ 30) Which pair of nuclei contain the same number of neutrons?

a) 7
3 Li and 9
4 Be
b) 40
19 K and 40
20 Ar
c) 23
11 Na and
22
11 Na
d) 23
11 Na and 24
12 Mg

__ 31) Which atom has an equal number of protons and neutrons?

a) 1
1H
b) 12
6 C
c) 19
9 F
d) 39
19 K

__ 32) An atomic mass unit is equal to

a) the mass of a hydrogen molecule
b) 1/1836 the mass of a hydrogen atom
c) the mass of a 12C atom
d) 1/12 of the mass of a 12C atom
__ 33) The characteristic bright-line spectrum of an element is produced when electrons
a) fall back to lower energy levels
b) are gained by a neutral atom
c) are emitted by the nucleus as beta particles
d) move to higher energy levels

__ 34) How many electrons, neutrons and protons are in atoms of chlorine with the mass
number 35?
# of electrons =
# of neutrons =
# of protons =

__ 35) How many electrons, neutrons and protons are in atoms of thorium with the mass
number 232?
# of electrons =
# of neutrons =
# of protons =

__ 36) Why are the lowest energy levels in an atom closest to the nucleus?

__ 37) Compute the average atomic mass of silver (Ag), if 51.83% of the silver atoms occurring
in nature have the mass 106.905 amu and 48.17% of the atoms have the mass of
108.905 amu.

__ 38) Compute the average atomic mass of krypton (Kr) if the relative amounts are as follows:

Isotope mass (in amu) Abundance (in %)

77.920 0.350
79.916 2.27
81.913 11.56
82.914 11.55
83.912 56.90
85.911 17.37

__ 39) What are the two major groups of subatomic particles?

What are the differences between them?

__ 40) Briefly describe Rutherford's experiment and the subsequent revision of Thomson's
model of the atom.

__ 41) How does the energy of a wave change with its wavelength? How does it change with
frequency? How does the color of visible light relate to its energy/wavelength/frequency?

__ 42) What is the atomic mass of hafnium (Hf) if, out of every 100 atoms, 5 have mass 176, 19
have mass 177, 27 have mass 178, 14 have mass 179, and 35 have mass 180?
Answers
1) mass 16) B 27) B 42) 178
2) empty space 17) D 28) D
3) nucleons 18) C 29) A
4) atomic number 19) B 30) D
5) mass number 20) a) p+ > e- 31) B
6) isotopes b) p+ = e- 32) D
7) neutrons c) + vs. - 33) A
8) D 21) a) p+ = no 34) 17, 18, 17
9) B b) p+ > no 35) 90, 142, 90
10) C c) + vs. neutral 36) (see notes)
11) B 22) (see notes) 37) 107.868 amu
12) B 23) C 38) 83.801 amu
13) A 24) B 39) (see notes)
14) D 25) D 40) (see notes)
15) B 26) D 41) (see notes)