3.

Chapter 3

Methodology

i. Research Design 38

ii. Population of the Study 39

iii. Research Instruments 39

iv. Construction & Validation of Instrument 41

v. Data Gathering Procedures

“AbanlkonnmnAko!: A Social Study

A Thesis Presented
From the College of Psychology
Metropolitan Medical Center
College of Arts, Science and Technology

In-Partial Fulfillment of the

Methodology

i. Research Design 38

ii. Population of the Study 39

iii. Research Instruments 39

iv. Construction & Validation of Instrument 41

v. Data Gathering Procedures

Liwanag, Amabel V.
Olympia, Jericka Joyce P.
Nanoy, Yuremae
Mijares, Mark Lester E.

April 2019
CERTIFICATION AND APPROVAL SHEET

This thesis entitled Abanlkonnmnako!: An Experimental Study On The Process Of

Detecting Fake News Among Students of Metropolitan Medical Center College Of

Arts, Science & Technology prepared and submitted by AMABEL V. LIWANAG,

JERICKA JOYCE OLYMPIA, YUREMAE NANOY AND MARK LESTER MIJARES in

partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree OF BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN

PSYCHOLOGY has been examined and recommended for Oral Examination.

Evaluation Committee
3. Chapter 3

Methodology

i. Research Design 38

ii. Population of the Study 39

iii. Research Instruments 39

iv. Construction & Validation of Instrument 41

v. Data Gathering Procedures

ROSEMARIE BALAYAN

Adviser

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

The researchers would like to express their deepest gratitude to everyone who

made their study possible. First and foremost, the proponents would like to extend their

extreme gratitude to Mr. Christian Jasper Nicomedes, RPm, for imparting his valuable

knowledge in research that help the researchers improved their study. His vision,

sincerity and motivation have deeply inspired the researchers. He has taught them the
3. Chapter 3

Methodology

i. Research Design 38

ii. Population of the Study 39

iii. Research Instruments 39

iv. Construction & Validation of Instrument 41

v. Data Gathering Procedures

methodology to carry out the research and to present the research works as clearly as

possible.

Additionally, to Ms. Rosemarie Balayan, their thesis adviser, for providing them

an unending support and invaluable guidance throughout their research. She has

helped the researchers analysed their data that made their study more valid and

reliable. The researchers have also greatly benefited from her keen scientific insight. It

was a great privilege and honor to work and study under her guidance. The proponents

are extremely grateful for what she has offered them.

To Ms. Cinderella Sta. Cruz, RPm, RPsy, for sharing her pearls of wisdom with

the researchers during the course of this research. She has also helped the proponents

by allowing them to stay and use her department’s office. The researchers are

extremely grateful for her brilliant comments and suggestions.

To the researchers dearest respondents, the proponents are grateful for the time

and effort you willingly spent to participate in their study.

To their families, for their steadfast love and support, morally and financially. Also,

their firm understanding added confidence to the group.

Methodology

i. Research Design 38

ii. Population of the Study 39

iii. Research Instruments 39

iv. Construction & Validation of Instrument 41

v. Data Gathering Procedures

Lastly, to Almighty Father, for bestowing strength and determination to the

members of the group.

Methodology

i. Research Design 38

ii. Population of the Study 39

iii. Research Instruments 39

iv. Construction & Validation of Instrument 41

v. Data Gathering Procedures

CERTIFICATION OF ORIGINALITY

This is to certify that the research work presented in this thesis entitled

Abanlkonnmnako!: A Social Study On The Process of Detecting Fake News Among

Students of Metropolitan Medical Center College of Arts, Science & Technology for the

degree of Bachelor of Science in Psychology at the Metropolitan Medical

Center-College of Arts, Science & Technology embodies the result of original and

scholarly work carried out by the undersigned. This thesis does not contain words or

ideas taken from published sources or written works by other persons which have been

accepted as basis for the award of a degree from any higher education institution,

except where proper referencing and acknowledgement are made.

AMABEL V. LIWANAG
3. Chapter 3

Methodology

i. Research Design 38

ii. Population of the Study 39

iii. Research Instruments 39

iv. Construction & Validation of Instrument 41

v. Data Gathering Procedures

JERICKA JOYCE P. OLYMPIA

YUREMAE NANOY

MARK LESTER E. MIJARES

Researchers

ABSTRACT

Title : AbanlkonnmnAko!: A Social Study On The Process of Detecting Fake

News Among Students of Metropolitan Medical Center College

Researcher : Amabel V.Liwanag, Jericka Joyce P. Olympia, Yuremae Nanoy, Mark

Lester E. Mijares

Degree : Bachelor of Science in Psychology

Institution : Metropolitan Medical Center College of Arts, Science and Technology

Year : 2019

Adviser : Rosemarie M. Balayan

Methodology

i. Research Design 38

ii. Population of the Study 39

iii. Research Instruments 39

iv. Construction & Validation of Instrument 41

v. Data Gathering Procedures

The Problem

Using social media is one of the most active web-based activities in Philippines in which

fake news are rampant as it quickly spreads through sharing links on social media by

individuals. With the advent of new platforms that provide quick access to information,

fake news stories and articles have proliferated—created by individuals or organizations

with the intent to mislead and manipulate the perception of the public, as well as to gain

politically and financially. The researchers study seeks (1) to test the participants

discriminative ability to identify fake news from authentic news; and (2) to test if there is

a significant relationship between the participants sociodemographic profile and their

discriminative ability to identify fake news from authentic news; and (3) to determine if

there’s a significant difference between pre-test and post-test on the participants

discriminative ability to detect fake news.

To make the research achievable, the researchers will conduct a true

experimental design on the 300 students currently enrolled in Metropolitan Medical

Center- College of Arts, Science & Technology.

Methodology

i. Research Design 38

ii. Population of the Study 39

iii. Research Instruments 39

iv. Construction & Validation of Instrument 41

v. Data Gathering Procedures

Keywords: fake news, authentic news, students, manila

Methodology

i. Research Design 38

ii. Population of the Study 39

iii. Research Instruments 39

iv. Construction & Validation of Instrument 41

v. Data Gathering Procedures

TABLE OF CONTENTS

1. Chapter 1

The Problem and Its Background

i. Introduction 1

ii. Background of the Study 3

iii. Statement of the Problem 6

iv. Theoretical Framework 7

v. Conceptual Framework 11

vi. Statement of Hypotheses 12

vii. Scope and Delimitation 13

viii. Significance of the study 13

ix. Definition of terms 16

2. Chapter 2

Review of Related Literature

i. Fake News and Why People Fall For It 17

ii. Social Media as Platform for Fake News 21

Methodology

i. Research Design 38

ii. Population of the Study 39

iii. Research Instruments 39

iv. Construction & Validation of Instrument 41

v. Data Gathering Procedures

iii. A Comprehensive Definitions of Fake News 27

iv. Synthesis of Foreign Literature & Studies 30

v. Fake News in Philippines 31

vi. Synthesis of Local Literature & Studies 36

41

vi. Statistical Treatment 43

4. Chapter 4

Presentation, Analysis & Interpretation of data

i. Frequency of the Gender of Respondents 44

ii. Frequency of Strands and Courses 45

iii. Frequency of Educational Attainment 47

iv. Fake News Identification Test Result 47

v. Identification Level 48

vi. Pre-test & Post-test Result 49

vii. Gender and Ability 50

Methodology

i. Research Design 38

ii. Population of the Study 39

iii. Research Instruments 39

iv. Construction & Validation of Instrument 41

v. Data Gathering Procedures

viii. Awareness of Current Issues Result 51

ix. Frequency of News Consumption 52

x. Educational Attainment Correlated

With the respondents discriminative

Ability to detect fake news 53

x. Frequency of Sources of News 55

xi. Discriminative ability of respondents to

Identify fake news from authentic news

Due to intervention 56

5. Chapter 5

Summary of Findings, Conclusion & Recommendation

i. Summary of findings 57

ii. Conclusion 58

iii. Recommendation 59

6. Bibliography 60

7. Appendices
3. Chapter 3

Methodology

i. Research Design 38

ii. Population of the Study 39

iii. Research Instruments 39

iv. Construction & Validation of Instrument 41

v. Data Gathering Procedures

Appendix A: Research Instrument

Appendix B: Title

Appendix C: Title

Appendix D: Title

Appendix E: Title

Appendix F: Title

Appendix G:

Appendix H:

Appendix I:

Appendix J:

8. Autobiography