AP Biology: Punnett Squares 2 “ “ “ “

Complete these problems on your own paper.

1. In humans, tongue rolling is a dominant trait, those with the recessive condition
cannot roll their tongues. Bob can roll his tongue, but his mother could not. He is 4. If both parents are heterozygous for both traits, what are the expected
married to Sally, who cannot roll her tongue. What is the probability that their first phenotypes of their offspring and in what proportion? (You do not need to show a
born child will not be able to roll his tongue? punnett square for this one)

R = roller, r = nonroller Bob = Rr, Sally = rr HhBb x HhBb

Rr rr 9 long black: 3 long red: 3 short black: 1 short black

50% probability
Rr rr 5.  In horses, trotter (T) is dominant over pacer (t).  A trotter is mated to a pacer
and the offspring is a pacer.  Give the genotypes of all of the horses.
Trotter = Tt pacer = tt

2. In goats, a recessive gene causes the goats to "faint" when they are startled. A 6. In a certain cactus, prickly spines can be two pronged or one pronged. If a true
farmer breeds two goats (that have never fainted) and their first offspring faints breeding one-pronged cactus is crossed with a true breeding two-pronged cactus,
two days after its birth. What must the parent's genotypes have been? Show the the F1 generation has a mixture of spines, some are two-pronged, some are one-
cross to prove it. pronged.

R = nonfainter, r = fainter Parents = Rr x Rr a. Is this an example of codominance or incomplete dominance? Codominance

b. Show the F2 generation (a cross between the two F1's). What are the
RR Rr phenotypes of the offspring and in what proportion?

Rr rr O = one prong T = two prong P = TT x OO

Fainter F1 = TO x TO

F2 =

3. In guinnea pigs, short hair is dominant to long hair. Also in guinnea pigs, black TT TO 1 two-pronged: 2 one and two pronged: 1 two pronged
eyes are dominant to red eyes. A male guinnea pig that is heterozygous for both
traits is crossed with a female that is long haired and red eyed. What are the TO OO
expected phenotypes of their offspring and in what proportion?

H = short, h = long B = black, b = red Parents = HhBb x hhbb

7. In this same cactus, if you cross a plant that has red flowers to one that has
HhBb Hhbb hhBb hhbb yellow flowers, you produce a plant that has orange flowers.  Is this codominance
1 short black eyed: 1 short red
or incomplete dominance?   Show the cross of an orange flowered plant to a red
eyed: 1 long black eyed: 1 long
“ “ “ “ flowered plant.
red eyed
“ “ “ “ Incomplete dominance R = red, r = yellow
Cross = RR x Rr 11. A female calico cat is crossed with a male black cat. What are the phenotypes
of the offspring and in what proportion?
RR RR 50% red
XB X b x X B Y
50% Orange
Rr Rr
XBXB XBXb

Black Calico
8.   A red flowered, two-pronged cactus is crossed with a yellow flowered one- female female
pronged cactus.  What are the resulting offspring and in what proportion?
RRTT (red, two pronged) x rrOO (yellow, one pronged) XBY XbY

Black Orange
RrTO
All RrTO: orange with both one male male
and two pronged spines

12. Also located on the X chromosome of a cat is a gene that codes for deafness.
This gene is recessive. A black female cat that is heterozygous for deafness (Dd) is
9.  A man with type AB blood is married to a woman with type O blood.  What are crossed with a orange male cat that is not deaf. Show the cross. What are the
all the possible blood types of their children? phenotypes of the offspring and in what proportion? Hint: place two letters on the
Man = IA IB woman = ii X chromosome in your cross.   (You will need to use two superscript letters on your
X chromosome)
IA i IB i Children will wither have Type A or Type B blood XBD XBd x XbD Y
IA i IB i
XBD XbD XBd XbD
Calico Calico
10. Coat color in cats is a codominant trait and is also located on the X female female
chromosome. Cats can be black, orange or calico. A calico cat has black and orange XBD Y XBd Y
splotches. In order to be calico. the cat must have an allele for the black color and Black Black,
an allele for the orange color. Use a punnett square to show why there are no male male deaf
calico cats. male

XB Xb = calico cat
13.  In humans, colorblindness is sex linked and recessive.  If a woman is a carrier
Males can only have one X chromosome, so they can never be calico for the trait, what is the chance that her sons will be colorblind?   Her daughters?  
(Assume the father has normal vision.)
XBXb (female carrier) x XBY (male with normal vision)
XBXB XBXb
B
XY XbY
14. In a cross involving two marked loci, you recover 150 parental gametes and 50
recombinant gametes. What is the recombinant frequency between these loci?

50 / 150 = .33%

15. An ABC / abc individual (ABC is not necessarily in the gene order) is crossed to
an abc / abc individual and gametes are scored. Out of a total of 1000 gametes,
the following data is observed:
abc 395
ABC 382
aBC 105
Abc 98
abC 9
ABc 8
AbC 2
aBc 1

Using this data, compute the recombination frequencies and construct a map.

a – b 206/1000 = 21%

b – c 20/1000 = 2%

a – c 220/1000 = 22%

a b c