UTILIZATION OF

ASSESSMENT DATA
K. DESCRIBING RELATIONSHIP

Michael Dell A. Tuazon, LPT

 CORRELATION
Refers to the extent to which the distributions are linearly related or
associated between the two variables.

The extent of correlation is indicated numerically by the coefficient of

correlation (𝑟𝑥𝑦 ).
The correlation coefficient 𝑟𝑥𝑦 is also known as Pearson Product Moment
Correlation Coefficient in honor of Karl Pearson who developed the said
formula.

The correlation coefficient ranges from -1 to +1.

There are three kinds of correlation based from the correlation

coefficients:

Positive correlation
Negative correlation
Zero correlation.
There are two ways of identifying correlation between two
variables:

using the formula

using the scatter point or scattergram.

 KINDS OF CORRELATION

Positive Correlation

Negative Correlation

Zero Correlation
SCATTERGRAM OF CORRELATION

Example 1:
MATH SCORE SCIENCE

1 6

2 8

3 10

4 11

5 13

6 16

7 20 Analysis:
As math score increases, there is a corresponding increase in the
8 21 science score.
SCATTERGRAM OF CORRELATION

Example 2:
MATH SCORE SCIENCE

1 20

2 17

3 15

4 13

5 12

6 9

7 7 Analysis:
As math scores increase, science score decrease.
8 4
SCATTERGRAM OF CORRELATION

Example 3:

Analysis:
No discernable pattern can be formed from the given set of points.
No single line can be drawn that is best fitted to all points in the
plane.
Example: Score in Math(x) Score in Science(y)
12 16

Find the correlation coefficient of the scores of 22 25

15 students in 45-items test in mathematics 23 31

and science quiz. 25 25

28 29
30 28
33 35
42 40
41 45
37 40
26 33
44 45
36 40
29 35
37 41
Score in Math(x) Score in Science(y) xy 𝑥2 𝑦2
12 16 192 144 256
22 25 550 484 625
23 31 713 529 961
25 25 625 625 625
28 29 812 784 841
30 28 840 900 784
33 35 1 155 1 089 1 225
42 40 1 680 1 764 1 600
41 45 1 845 1 681 2 025
37 40 1 480 1 369 1 600
26 33 858 676 1 089
44 45 1 980 1 936 2 025
36 40 1 440 1 296 1 600
29 35 1 015 841 1 225
37 41 1 517 1 369 1 681

෍ 𝑥 = 465 ෍ 𝑦 = 508 ෍ 𝑥𝑦 = 16 702 ෍ 𝑥 2 = 15 487 ෍ 𝑦 2 = 18 162

 15(16702)  465508
rxy 
1515487  465  1518162  508 
2 2

250530  236220
rxy 
232305  216225 272430  258064
14310 14310
rxy  
Analysis:
Thus, this means that 16080 14366 231005280
students who are good it
14310
math are also good in rxy   0.941518 0.94
science. 15198.85785
Let’s Try

Prof. Henry conducted a test to his 10 students in Statistics and Assessment 2. Find the
correlation coefficient given that:
Student Statistics Assessment 2
1 36 38
2 26 34
3 38 38
4 15 27
5 17 25
6 28 26
7 32 35
8 35 36
9 12 19
10 35 38

Using the Pearson r formula, find σ 𝑥, σ 𝑦, σ 𝑥𝑦, σ 𝑥 2 , σ 𝑦 2

Student Statistics(x) Assessment 2(y) xy 𝑥2 𝑦2
1 36 38 1 368 1 296 1 444
2 26 34 884 676 1 156
3 38 38 1 444 1 444 1 444
4 15 27 405 255 729
5 17 25 425 289 625
6 28 26 728 784 676
7 32 35 1 120 1 024 1 225
8 35 36 1 260 1 225 1 296
9 12 19 228 144 361
10 35 38 1 330 1225 1 444
n=10 σ 𝑥 = 274 σ 𝑦 = 316 σ 𝑥𝑦 σ 𝑥2 σ 𝑦2
= 9 192 = 8 332 = 10 400
 Example:
n=10 σ 𝑥 = 274 σ 𝑦 = 316 σ 𝑥𝑦 σ 𝑥2 σ 𝑦2
= 9 192 = 8 332 = 10 400

10(9192)  274316
rxy 
108332  274  1010400  316 
2 2

rxy  0.91
Analysis:
Thus, this means that students who are good it Statistics are also good in
Assessment 2.
Example: Student Math Score English Score
Glenn 45 50
Ten (10) aspirant of the Tuazon Scholarship at Dell James 47 45
University were rank in their Mathematics and John 39 35
English Scores. Find the Spearman rho Coefficient Paul 37 41
and interpret. Carlo 33 38
Rey 40 39
Shev 15 25
Ninya 46 49
Gia 25 40
Mitch 44 42
 6 D 2 Steps in Solving
  1

N N 2 1  1. Rank the scores.
634
2. Find the difference between pair
  1
10102  1
3. Square the difference.
4. Summation of the squared difference.
204 5. Use Spearman rho formula
  1
10100  1 Student Math Score Science Score D 𝐷2
204 Glenn 3 1 2 4
  1
1099 James 1 3 -2 4
204 John 6 9 -3 9
  1 Paul 7 5 2 4
990
  1  0.21 Carlo 8 8 0 0
Rey 5 7 -2 4
Analysis:   0.79 Shev 10 10 0 0
There is a high positive correlation between the math
scores and science scores of ten aspirants in the Tuazon Ninya 2 2 0 0
Scholarship. Gia 9 6 3 9
Thus, students who are good in math are also good in
Science. Mitch 4 4 0 0
σ 𝐷2
= 34