2020 International Conference for Emerging Technology (INCET)

Belgaum, India. Jun 5-7, 2020

An Efficient Implementation of Wireless Sensor

Network for Performing Rescue & Safety Operation
in Underground Coal Mines
Shilpa Lande. Punam Chabukswar Vishal Bhope
Asst Prof., E&TC Department, Asst Prof., E&TC Department, Prof., Head of DepartmentE&TC
G. H. Raisoni College of Engineering & G. H. Raisoni College of Engineering & Department,
Management, Chas, Ahmednagar, India Management, Chas, Ahmednagar, India G. H. Raisoni College of Engineering &
shilpa.lande@raisoni.com punam.chabukswar @raisoni.net, Management, Chas, Ahmednagar, India
vishal.bhope@raisoni.net

Abstract—The structuring of the underground coal mine that is reliability and long life. But for wired communication
monitoring system based on the ZigBee wireless sensor network network both the characteristics are poor. When an accident
evacuates the traditional underground coal mine monitoring occurs in the coal mines then the wired communication system
system. In this monitoring system for wireless communication, is damaged then it is very difficult to install it again. Also,
ZigBee is utilized. So, there is a significant advancement in coal during this situation, the monitoring of surrounding which is
mine wellbeing production which is sheltered. Aside from this, it very necessary is a very difficult task. So, for the development
is inadmissible to lay the links which are exorbitant and of an ideal system should accurately detect the temperature,
consumes additional time. To take care of this issue there is have rise, and fall in humidity, harmful gases and vibration. All this
to plan and build up an underground coal mine monitoring is possible with the wireless sensor network.
system using WSN. The venture is isolated into two sections. The
initial segment is the underground section which is inside the
coal mines and the second is the ground section which is outside
of coal mine. The sensor is set inside the underground section.
This sensor detects all the physical parameters, for example,
ascend in temperature, unsafe gases, vibration, and increment
or fall in dampness. The controller converts this information
into the computerized signal. The converted information is sent
towards the ground section which is outside of coal mines. For
the communication between the underground section and
ground section, we utilized WSN which is Zigbee. The ground
section consists of a server consisting of graphical UI (GUI)
which is made by NeatBeans stage using Java programming.
The camera likewise joined the server which checks the
encompassing.

Keywords—Wireless sensor Network, Zigbee, LPC2148,

Neatbeans, Eclipse.
Fig. 1. Coal accident percentage
I. INTRODUCTION
In the last fewyears, the number of accidents occurs in the In the previous, some work only the monitoring
coal mine industry. So, there is the number of injuries parameters are displayed in the ground section and an only
occurred. Due to this accident, there is a loss of all property alert message is sent over the mobile phone and there is no
and great loss of human health occur which is a very serious control is provided through the ground section.
problem. So, avoid any type of accident in the mining This paper shows the risky condition checking and control
industry, the industry must take some basic precautions for for observing and control for checking data concerning
that purpose the monitoring system should be very reliable and wellbeing and security utilizing WSN innovation with virtual
faithful. So,there is a need to monitor the situation inside the instrumentation (LABVIEW) [1]. This exploration paper
coal mines. So, the communication established should be very shows observation security measures for coal mineshaft
strong. laborer which is generally basic in underground mining
In the coal mines, the number of accidents occurs due to territories [2]. This paper shows the plan and improvement of
the number of reasons the following diagram shows the basic coal mineshaft observing utilizing ARM 7 and ZigBee and for
ideas of percentage and causes of accidents in the coal mine checking reason they use LCD [3]
industry.So, from the figure it is concluded that most of This exploration shows an overview investigation of need
theaccident occurs in the underground coal mines due to fire identified with condition checking [4]. The point of this paper
and explosions.Therefore, we just have to concentrate on it. is the thought of plan for checking the discovery of the
There are two possible networks one is a traditional wired perilous parameter utilizing a framework on-chip [5]. In the
network and the other is wireless sensor network. In the coal remote correspondence during crises is significant for
mines, the wired network is not useful. There are two main endurance for instance during mishap customary wired
characteristics of communication that have to be considered correspondence framework isn't solid which required a remote
radio framework [6].

978-1-7281-6221-8/20/$31.00 ©2020 IEEE 1

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 II. AIM AND OBJECTIVE Zigbee Here XBee S2 module is utilized. For sign, reason
Buzzer is utilized which is KPMB200 (L). The sensor detects
AIM: their separate parameters and changes over physical amount
The point of this work is going to grew underground coal into an electrical sign. The controller changes over this simple
mine monitoring system using WSN which replaces the wired sign into a computerized sign.Zigbee then transmits this data
correspondence system and tackle the issues of coal miners. towards the Groundsegment.
OBJEVTIVE:
1. Replace the wired communication system inside the
underground coal mines
2. Provide wireless transmission up to 100 meters.
3. Monitor the temperature ranging up to 2000C.
4. Monitor humidity 25%RH to 95%RH.
5. Monitor harmful and dangerous, Hazardous gases
from 110 to 11000 ppm.
6. Monitor all the vibrations.
7. Send all the parameters towards the Server.
.
III. SYSTEM DEVELOPMENT
The framework comprises of two sections one is the
underground area and the other is the ground segment. The Fig. 3. Underground Section
accompanying figure shows the general observing framework.
B. GroundSection
The ground section consists of three main blocks. The
first block is ZigBee transceiver that is XBee PRO S2. The
second block is PC that is Server and the third block is the
smart phone.

Fig. 2. Overall System overview Fig. 4. Ground Section

The square chart of the Underground area is appeared In the Ground Section on the Server PC, there is Neat
above which comprises of a Sensor segment comprising of a bean platform. At the point when we run a project Login
Temperature sensor that is Thermistor, Humidity Sensor, Gas frame is open so we need to fill a secret key when secret
Sensor, Vibration sensor. And Controller is additionally word coordinates then we need to go to welcome form else
utilized for controlling purposes. It comprises of a Device we need to drop from it. At that point on the welcome frame,
driver and Zigbee transmitter.The Underground area there is com port choice. At the point when we entered
comprises of Zigbee Receiver, PC, camera appended to PC, legitimate com port then the primary form is open. On this
and Android Phone. A short depictionofeach squareisgiven principle form frame, 4 choices are accessible as follows;
beneath. 1. TestDevice
A. UndergroundSection- 2. TestSensor
This area is within underground coal mines this segment 3. TestWebcam
comprise off our principle squares first fundamental square is 4. Control/Monitor of Administrator
a sensor. In the sensor hinder, there are five sensors are At the point when we pick the test Device alternative
associated, first is the temperature sensor. The temperature then there is control of on/off the device. At the point when
sensor utilized here is Thermistor (MF32 arrangement), Gas we pick the Test Sensor alternatives then senor yield is
sensor MQ6, Humidity sensor that is SY-HS-220 module, accessible on- screen with the advancement bar. At the point
Vibration sensor. Here the controller is the subsequent square. when we press the Test webcam choice then the camera feed
HereARMandthatisLPC2148isutilized.Thethirdsquareis the

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 is accessible which filters the encompassing of the server. At
the point when we press the fourth choice that is
control/monitor of administrator then there is all control and
monitoring choices are accessible.
At the point when the administrator isn't accessible at the
server or it is away from the server then for consistent
monitoring, the Android application is made which is
running on the android phone. At the point when an
administrator opens that application then first he ought to
enter the IP address of PC that is Server's IP address. At the Fig. 6. Humidity sensor module
point when this the two tends to matches then the
subsequent welcome frame is open which needs the secret C. Gas sensor
word of use. So the administrator must enter that secret
word. At the point when the secret word coordinates then the In the underground coal mines, the quantities of
subsequent frame opens. On that, there are two choices coalexcavators are available for acquiring the coal in mines.
The coal diggers have bunches of issues because of harmful,
1. Check connection poisonous gases like LPG, Methane. Because of methane, the
2. Control/Monitor Devices and Sensor fire may cause. So, to conquer this issue Gas sensor is
Check connection checks whether the Connection is set important inside the underground mines. For the discovery of
up on the PC and android telephone. Control and monitor these risky gases, the MQ6 sensor is utilized. This sensor is
menu control the yield devices that are ON/OFF control and utilized for the location of LPG, LNG. This sensor is
monitor sensor yield and additionally sets the edge esteems. associated with the ADC pin of LPC2148 that is
associated with pin no 14.
IV. DESIGN OF HARDWARE
A. Temperature Sensor
As we go inside the coal mines the temperature goes on
increasing. So there is a need to monitor the temperatureinside
the coal mines for the plausibility of human reconnaissance in
underground coal mines. So the temperature sensor utilized
Fig. 7. Gas sensor and their connection
here is a thermistor. It is associated with PIN no 13 that is
P0.28. it quantifies the temperature up to2000C.
D. VibrationSensor
During the mishap inside the underground coal mines
some of the time vibrations are made. So to detect this
vibration during the dangerous circumstance Vibration sensor
is fundamental inside the coal mines. The coil-based switch
type vibration sensor is utilized.

Fig. 8. Vibration Sensor

At the point when the vibration sensor detects the vibration

Fig. 5. Circuit diagram of temperature sensor then it will build the conductivity. Vibration sensor gives High
or 3.5 or 4.8 V at whatever point it will detect some vibration.
B. Humidity Vibration sensor utilized here is having a Wide identification
extend. It requires the 5V power supply.
Over the most recent couple of years, the quantity of coal
diggers was harmed by the falling of rock in underground coal E. Controller
mines. This rockfall causes because of an expansion in Coal mine security framework need the ongoing control
humidity in light of the fact that the rooftop can break down quick preparing on information got and transmitted and
because of moist air. So there is a need to screen the humidity High-end correspondence convention and a lot other capacity
constantly. So there is a need to interface the humidity sensor like ADC with enormous memory. So the Arm is best for this
in underground coal mines. Here SY-HS-220 humidity application. So ARM7 is utilized here that is LPC 2148. It gets
module is utilized which changes over the relative humidity to the whole simple qualities to change over these simple
the yield voltage. The humidity sensor is associated with the qualities into computerized esteems utilizing inbuilt ADC.
pin no 15 which is P0.30. This module is having the 3 Transmit these qualities towards the cut off. As per the Data
associations B,W, R b is associated with the ground on the W
we get the yield, on R we need to interface 5Vsupply.

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Received orthe choice by the Administrator, it will work all V. DESIGN FLOW
sensor and yield gadgets.
This incorporates the calculation for the
F. Zigbee Underground area. In underground 4 sensors are
As a remote innovation ZigBee is utilized here as a result associated which faculties ecological parameter and
of its Number of points of interest. The ZigBee work in 2.4 send this to Ground segment given as follows-
GHz band and 868/968 MHz band. ZigBee is Popular in view Step 1.Start the microcontroller and instatement of
of its low force. ZigBee works over little batteries from 6 to all gadgets in the framework.
two years. ZigBee is having Low expense. The ZigBee
informationrate is 250Kbps. The transmission scope of Step 2. Get the qualities from the sensor.
ZigBee is 10- 100meter. On the off chance that we need to Step 3. Changes over this incentive into Digital
transmit over the long-separation, then we need to build the organization. Step 4.Check for Wireless association.
yield power. React time of ZigBee is quick. Zigbee is having
High limit and High security. Step 5. Send or got the information.
G. Buzzer Step 6. Check whether the got data from the sensor
Buzzer is signaling output device. It is used for signaling surpasses the limit esteem
purpose during any hazardous situation. Whenever the toxic Step 7. In the event that indeed, at that point make the bell
gases, temperature, humidity and vibration crosses its ON
threshold level then buzzers ON for alerting the people present
in coal mines. Step 8. On the off chance that no, at that point jump
to step no 6
H. Server
Step 9. Jump to step No 2
This is included in the ground section. On this server, GUI
is created using Neat beans platform. The camera is also
attached to the server camera scans the surrounding of the
server and displays it on the server and send it towards the
smartphone.
I. Smartphones
The smartphone is part of the ground section. The all
situated inside the coal mines is controlled by the GUI created
on the smartphone using eclipse. Sensor values, camera feed,
Device ON/OFF is available on a smartphone.
J. Communication between Server and smart phone
The server and smartphone is connected throughHotspot
connection of a smartphone. The first smartphone has to
connect to another smartphone through hotspot then the Server
is connected to the smartphone.

Fig. 10. Flowchart (1)of Underground section

Flow chart for Ground Section is shown in the Flowchart 2

Stream graph for Ground Section is appeared in theFlowchart
2. This calculation is for Ground area. It shows how the
Fig. 9. Connection between PC and smart phone
correspondence built up in the Ground segment and
underground area.
K. User Interface Step 1: Start
The user interface is designed inside the computer for Step2: Check is the remote gadget is prepared.
human interaction. When the user sits in front of an
information device then he faces the User Interface. As the Step 3: If yes at that point send or got the information
name suggests it is an interface between user and information through the remote gadget
device. Today human expects to interact with the electronic
Step 4: at that point continue checking assuming no. Step
device through the graphical images and icons and charts. So
5: check for information gathering.
in this work, there are two GUI is created one is running over
the PC which is created by Neat beans Platform and second, Step 6: If yes at that point show on chairman and cell
we created an android application using Eclipse. phone

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 Step 7: If no then go to jump to step 3
Step 8: Jump to step 1.

Fig. 11. Flowchart (2)of Ground Section.

Fig. 14. GUI running on server

The figure 14 shows the GUI running on the server every

single structure is made in neatbeans platform using Java
programming. As a result of this GUI crafted by head willbe
smooth. Using this GUI server can work every one of the
gadgets and sensor inside the underground coal mines.

Fig. 12. Flowchart (3) of GUI running onNeatbeans platform

Fig. 15. GUI running on android application on smart phone.

VI. RESULT AND DISCUSSIONS

Fig. 13. Flowchart (4) GUI running on Smart Phone

Fig. 16. Hardware Underground section

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 administrator isn't accessible at the server, at that point he
works underground coal mineshaft through GUI made on a
cell phone.
VIII. FUTURE SCOPE:
The system also can be extended with ZigBee wireless
image transmission facility of the underground section in
future. We will also include a Voice transmission facility. It
will improve the scalability of the underground environment
and extend the accurate position of miners.
IX. CONCLUSIONS
This system can detect the concentration of harmful
gaseous, changes in temperature, change in humidity and
whether vibration in underground coal mines tunnels.
Wireless sensor networks used in the underground coal mine
Fig. 17. Hardware of Ground section monitoring system break the traditional method and ideas,
which improves the practical ability and flexibility of the
TABLE I. RESULT ANALYSIS OF GROUND& UNDERGROUND SECTION monitoring system. This system can not only monitor all kinds
of parameters under coal mine but also indicate alarm
automatically when environment parameters are abnormal to
exceed the threshold values, which help to improve the level
of monitoring safety system production and reduce accidents
in the underground coal mine. Therefore, this system meets
the need for a coal mine safety monitoring system. So
traditional mine security system can be effectively replaced by
the surveillance and safety monitoring system.

REFERENCES
TABLE II. RESULT ANALYSIS OF GROUND& UNDERGROUND SECTION [1] Sureshkumar A, S.Muruganand,” Integration of wireless sensor
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Workers using different Sensors Based on GSM and
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[3] Vaibhav Pandit, Prof.U.A.Rane” Coal Mine Monitoring using ARM7
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Coal and Gas Outburst Prediction Based on Multi- sensor Information
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superior to others since GUI is preferable for portrayal over conferenceonautomationandlogistics,pp1613-18,2008.
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