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The Scheme of The Discourse Analysis

The document provides an outline for analyzing the key elements of a written or oral discourse. It describes 10 sections for analysis, including identifying the type of discourse, its purpose and audience, grammatical structures, vocabulary, and linguistic elements. The structure suggests examining aspects such as tense usage, sentence structures, modal verbs, and speech types to fully understand the discourse.

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124 views4 pages

The Scheme of The Discourse Analysis

The document provides an outline for analyzing the key elements of a written or oral discourse. It describes 10 sections for analysis, including identifying the type of discourse, its purpose and audience, grammatical structures, vocabulary, and linguistic elements. The structure suggests examining aspects such as tense usage, sentence structures, modal verbs, and speech types to fully understand the discourse.

Uploaded by

amina
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© © All Rights Reserved
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The scheme of the discourse analysis

1. It is an example of written /oral discourse |ˈdɪskɔːs|.


The piece of information under analysis is written /oral discourse.
The title is….
2. As I see it / I guess / I suppose it is…
- an extract from a …
- аn article
- an interview …
- a part of a TV programme.
3. It can be found / We can read it / It can be heard/watched …
- on an Internet site.
- in TV news.
- in an encyclopedia.
- in an newspaper
- in social networks
4. The main idea / intention of the author / purpose of the narrator …
- as I understand it
- to my mind
- in my opinion
- as I see it
… - is to describe…
- to give an outline
- to tell us about
- to make us closer to
- to entertain … etc.
5. The target audience is / the participants are teenagers / elderly people / general public / animals
friendly people …
- because there are a lot of modern terms describing gadgets.
- as the article deals with specific problems of retired people.
- because the information is given in simple words and a clear way.
6. As for the structure / What about the structure, the article / presentation / interview / text
- can be divided into several parts
- is a monologue
- is a chain of questions and answers
- has an introduction where … , the main part …, and a conclusion etc.
7. The text / article / extract / interview is full of specific vocabulary / words / set expressions that
make us …

- understand the problem


- feel the situation
- get details / a clear picture of ….. etc.
For example nouns: pollution, contamination, extinction, etc.
verbs and verb phrases: become extinct, cut down, destroy, etc.
adjectives: drastic, catastrophic, renewable, etc.

8. Grammar and Linguistic peculiarities of the text:


Tenses,
the sentence structure (simple/ compound/ complex sentences),
Modals,
Count and non-Count Nouns,
Definite and Indefinite Articles,
Quantifiers,
Modification of Nouns,
Adjective Clauses,
The Passive,
Gerund,
Infinitive,
Adverb clauses,
Connectors,
Direct and Indirect Speech,
Conditionals,
The Subjunctive.

The Past Simple and The Present Simple Tenses are used to show the contrast between the past and the
present situation in / with / about ….
The Present Continuous is used to emphasize the idea that it / … is happening right now / at the present
time.
The Present Perfect is necessary to show the result of …
The Future Simple and future be going to are actively used …
- to picture the perspectives of … \ to show a possible solution … etc.
9. In general / In conclusion I would say / To sum up I must admit that …
- the article make an interesting reading
- the text gives much food for thinking and discussions
- I feel I’ve got the message / the main idea of what can be done about …
10. I would recommend such articles / TV shows / stories to the people who … .

the sentence structure (simple/ compound/ complex sentences)


simple Computers are important in the modern world.
Где есть только предмет и глагол, их может быть несколько SSV, SVV, SSVV
Compound Computers are important, but they can be dangerous too. Formula = SV but SV
состоят из 2 или 3 предложений (for, and, nor, but, or, yet, so)
Complex People take natural health supplements  even though  they may not have been tested.
after even if unless
although even though until
as if when
as if in order to whenever
as long as in case whereas
as much as once where
as soon as since wherever
as though so that while
because that
before though

Modals
Ability (способность) – can, could
Permission (разрешение) – can, could, may
Advice (совет)– should
Obligation (обязательство) – must, have to
Possibility (возможность) – might, may, could, can

Count and non-Count Nouns

Неисчисляемые:
Чувства: hate, fear, happiness.
Абстрактные существительные: information, space, time (но если one time то исч)
Погодные явления: weather, cold, wind.
Вещества и материалы: wood, salt, flour, water.
Тяжелые случае: нужно сделать много работы (неисч)
Я нашел новую работу (исч) или работы художника исч
Food – неисч., Meal – исч.
Tree – исч., wood (нет)
Money, news, advice (только если не piece of advice тогда исч), knowledge, furniture, damage,
baggage, traffic – неисч.

Исчисляемые если указывается что именно


a bottle of wine, a plate of meat, a slice of bread, a glass of water, a glass of water, a jar of jam,
a cup of coffee, a piece of bread.
Soup (неисч.) – a bowl of soup (исч.)

Фрукты во множ. числе исч)


Так же и с вином
волосы в совокупности неисч, но если нашел один в чае то исч.
Бумага нет, но если газета или док во множ числе то да
Many few – исч
Much. Little – неисч

Definite and Indefinite Articles

Определенный: the
Неопределенный: a, an, some

Quantifiers

Исч. countable – many, several, few, a few, a number of, a couple of, hundreds of, one, each, every, two,
both,
Неисч. – uncountable much, little, a little, a bit of, a good deal of, a large amount of
Оба – a lot of, some/any, all, most, none и no, enough, plenty of, more, lots of, less, least,

Modification of Nouns

Это как прилагательное перед существительным

Adjective Clauses – это придаточное, (функция определения) отвечает на вопрос какой?


предложение в котором есть: who, that, which, whose.

The Passive
Mary cleans the office every morning. — Мэри убирает офис каждое утро. (активный залог)
Подлежащее (Мэри) выполняет действие (убирает).
The office is cleaned every morning. — Офис убирают каждое утро. (пассивный залог)
Неизвестно, кто выполняет действие. Подлежащее (офис) подвергается действию (его убирают).

Gerund – чтение плавание (driving, swimming)


Infinitive – обычный глагол to whrite, to drink
Adverb clauses – это придаточное (функция обстоятельства) предложения делятся на
придаточные места, времени, причины, условия, цели, следствия, образа действия, когда есть
after, before, as, as soon as, as long as, since, till, until, while.
Connectors - соединители

a. coordinating conjunctions (so, but)

b. subordinating conjunctions (because)

c. transition

a. addition: additionally, besides, furthermore, in addition, likewise, nwreover, and plus.

b. condition: otherwise

c. show contrast: however, in contrast, in spite ofthis, instead, nevertheless, nonetheless, still, and though.

d. show effect I result: accordingly, as a result, because ofthis, consequently, on account of this, otherwise, therefore,
and thus.

e. show relationships of actions, events, and ideas in time: after that, afterwards, in the meantime, meanwhile, next, and
then.

a. to list ideas in order of time or importance: finally, first, most importantly, next, second, and third.

b. to give examples. These include for example and for instance.

c. to summarize: all in all, in summary, to summarize.

d. to add a conclusion: in conclusion and to conclude

Direct and Indirect Speech


Direct speech
Слова автора, “прямая речь.”  
“Прямая речь”, слова автора.
The   postman  said, “I  will  deliver  this  letter  tomorrow.” 
Inderect speech
Слова автора — вводное слово — косвенная речь.
The  postman  said  he  would  deliver  that  letter the  next  day
He  said (that)  they  liked  everything  very  much

Conditionals

The Subjunctive

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