KOLFE INDUSTRIAL COLLEGE

Prepared by –

BIZUAYEHU TADESE

oct 2020

Contents
1 CHAPTER ONE..................................................................................................................................1
1.1 INTRODUCTION.......................................................................................................................1
 1.2 Statements of the Problems..........................................................................................................1
1.3 Objectives of the project..............................................................................................................2
1.3.1 General Objective................................................................................................................2
1.3.2 Specific Objective................................................................................................................2
1.4 Significance of the project...........................................................................................................2
1.5 Beneficiaries of the project..........................................................................................................3
1.5.1 TVET College......................................................................................................................3
1.5.2 Medium and Small Enterprise..............................................................................................3
1.5.3 For construction industries...................................................................................................3
1.6 Scope and target group................................................................................................................3
1.7 Value chain..................................................................................................................................4
1.7.1 Value chain of automatic block machine production “AS IS”.............................................4
1.7.2 Value chain of automatic block machine /bench mark / CHINA/.................................5
1.7.3 Value chain automatic block machine /gap identification /..................................................6
1.7.4 Value chain of automatic block machine TO BE /.......................................................................7
2 Chapter two literature review..............................................................................................................8
2.1 General........................................................................................................................................8
2.2 Cement stabilised soil blocks.....................................................................................................10
3 The costs of raw materials and standard items...................................................................................13
4 WORK PLAN...................................................................................................................................15
4.1 Time Schedule...........................................................................................................................15

CHAPTER ONE

1.1 INTRODUCTION
Now a day, there are different types of machines are available used for block production.
However, most of these machines are consume time, material and labour due to this the cost
of operations for the block processing is very high.
Currently in Ethiopia block are mostly made by traditional machineries and equipment’s the
project contains of designing the mechanical part of machine and to fabricate the mechanical
part of the system of the automatic block machine. There are difference between this machine
and the current block machine in the market. The design of this block machine will be more
user friendly in handling and use. To achieve the objective of this project, it needs a lot of
knowledge and skills such as solid works, MD solid software, welding, drilling, grinding, and
fastening.
Basically, the purpose of development of automatic block machine is too used to produce
blocks. The objectives of automatic block machine are to reduce the human effort, working
time and carry out the number labors.

1.2 Statements of the Problems

In our country the construction industries have been developing in high rate but the inputs to
the construction sectors are not supplied at the required time within the require quality.
Buildings are not completed in specified time supplier and contractors are highly exposed for
unnecessary cost or expense. Wastage of labor is a major observable problem.
The drawback of this machine is:-
 Consume time
 Manual fatigue
 Rate of production is low
 Not movable /huge.
In general the problem lies on the effectiveness and efficiency of the machineries. This
shows that there is a need to find a new way of manufacture quality block machine.

1.3 Objectives of the project

1.3.1 General Objective

General objective of the project is to improve productivity of construction industries by
designing and manufacturing of automatic block machine.

1.3.2 Specific Objective

 To design and select the main machine components
 To develop the working drawing of the machine.
 To select appropriate material for each machine components.
 To estimate the cost of machine.
 To prepared prototype/working drawing
  To manufacture the components of the machine that is comfortable and easy to use
 To transfers the project to the industry

1.4 Significance of the project

In Ethiopia the manufacturing and construction sectors are becomes a major issue. Due to
industry, small and medium enterprise needs automatic block machine is used. From this it
can be understood how important the automatic block machine is.
 Automatic block machine could be in generating quality advantages to the Country as
a whole and to individuals in particular.
 The manufacturing and construction sector is a highly profitable business for industry,
small and medium scale enterprise.
 In general, this machine has many purposes which include the trains can acquire
knowledge and experience, SMEs can duplicate the machine and sell to the market
and users of the machine can get optimum efficiency with minimum cost.
This project enables to;
 Develop designing and manufacturing skill for trainers’ and trainees.
 Learn collaboration skills and encourage technology transfer in Ethiopia.
 Increase income for micro and small enterprise those who works in metal and blocks.
 Decrease production time.

1.5 Beneficiaries of the project

1.5.1 TVET College

Trainees who learn in TVET will be benefited on this project by enhancing their skill in
welding and machining through active participation in production of this project and
trainers can also enhance their knowledge and skills in the designing and actual
production of this project.

1.5.2 Medium and Small Enterprise

The MSE would also benefit a lot on this design by making mass production and sell the
products to the micro metal working industry or construction sector.
1.5.3 For construction industries
The construction industry is use automatic block machine for the purpose of production of
block by the following reason.
 To increase production.
 To reduce transportation time
 To reduce labor cost

1.6 Scope and target group

The project’s intension is to design and manufacture construction mini crane machine that
transfer or lift construction material. The operation can be set electrically. My target
community for a proof-of-concept design is all the small and micro enterprise.
Construction industry is a growing sector. The demand for this product is always high in all
urban and semi-urban areas due to construction of side of main roads, residential apartments,
commercial and industrial buildings.
Growing public awareness of the advantages of the product coupled with increase in the
government and financial institutions support for housing and road which is a basic human
necessity would ensure a healthy growth in the demand.
1.7 Value chain

1.7.1 Value chain of automatic block machine production “AS IS”

Input Measurin Assembli Finishing Marketin

g ng g

Raw material Preparation material Welding Grinding Direct selling

and measure lay out

Machines and Cutting Mechanical

hand tools Sanding
assembly

Labor Welding
Painting
Testing and
inspection.

Time Grinding, drilling

 1.7.2 Value chain of automatic block machine /bench mark / CHINA/
Research Prepara Design Manufa Quality
Assem Finishi Produc
& tion cturing bling ng Control t M
developm
ent Prepa arke

Site Separating Preparation Measuring Welding Grinding Inspection & Finishing

process for Wholesaler
selection of blue print checking
metal wood & Retail

Mining Sanding
Smelting Material Cutting Mechanical Export
steel selection assembling

Digging Painting
Shaping Machine Machining Bolt & nut
selection

Iron ore
Make Welding
prototype
 1.7.3 Value chain automatic block machine /gap identification /

Research Prepar Quality

&
ation Control Product
develop Design Manuf Assem Finishi M
ment
acturin bling ng arke

Site Separating Grinding

Preparatio Welding Inspection Block Wholesaler
selection Measuring
n of blue & checking manufacturi & Retail
print ng process

Mining Smelting Cutting Mechanical Sanding Export

Material
steel assembling
selection

Shaping Machine Bending Painting

Digging Riveting
selection

Iron ore Machining

Make
prototype
1.7.4 Value chain of automatic block machine TO BE /

Quality
Design Manufac Control Produc Mark
Assemblin Finishi
turing t eting
g ng
Preparation Measuring Welding Grinding Lifting process
Inspection & Wholesaler
of blue print checking for o& Retail
construction

Material Cutting Sanding

Mechanical
selection assembling Export

Machine Riveting
Welding Painting
selection

Make Machining
prototype
2 Chapter two literature review

2.1 General
One of the essential preconditions for improving the standard of living of people is the provision of reasonably good housing (Ghavami & Fang,
1984). Rapid and uncontrolled urbanizations in many developing countries have resulted in a severe shortage of houses in recent years,
especially in towns and suburban areas. Owing to limited financial resources, the optimum use of locally available materials and the
development of associated technical information would be the solution for providing economically viable housing for majority of the low to
medium income earners. The promotion of self-help schemes is also a priority area (Lim et al., 1984).

In this context, it would be essential to explore the ways and means of optimising the use of resources available locally while paying sufficient
attention to the safety and protection of the environment. This is particularly true for Sri Lanka where the shortage of conventional building
materials have made good housing too expensive for majority of low to medium income earners. House construction with alternative building
materials poses a challenge to the policy makers, planers, architects and engineers in view of the parameters that have to be looked into, such as
social acceptability, adequate strength, security, economy, ease of maintenance, availability of materials, level of technology required, duration
of construction and durability (Rao et al., 1983).
In this research, an attempt was made to give a comprehensive coverage to above parameters by using alternative building materials and
methods. In a normal house, the basic structure consists of foundations, walls, floor slabs and a roof. The conventional building materials used
consist of random rubble, bricks, sand, reinforced concrete and timber. Out of these, bricks, timber (Fernando, 1979) and sand (Dias et al., 1997)
are in short supply. Over exploitation of these resources in past two or three decades has resulted in a considerable environmental degradation
such as those associated with clay mining, sand mining and deforestation. Concrete is expensive due to high cement content. Steel is locally
manufactured using imported raw materials. Thus, minimization of the usage of these also could be advantageous in reducing the construction
cost.
In this research, cement stabilized soil blocks are introduced as an environmentally friendly and cost effective alternative to burnt clay bricks.
The use of reinforced concrete is optimized for floor slabs with the aim of minimizing the use of concrete and steel.
2.2 Cement stabilised soil blocks
The shortage of conventional construction materials and the associated environmental problems call for an urgent investigations into the
possibility of using economical and environmentally friendly alternative materials that are available locally (Lim et al., 1984). One such material
that is abundantly available is soil. Soil is a broad term used in engineering to include all deposits of loose materials in the earth crust. This
definition separates soils from rock, from which soils have weathered due to physical, chemical and biological processes. This is a continuous
process and therefore all soils are in transition which is in the geological time scale (Bryan, 1988a). This is the process that imparts the
properties and great variety to the soils as it is found on the earth crust. The body of the soil fabric will normally contain a proportion of very
small particles of clay minerals, generally less than 0.002 mm in effective diameter. Clay particles display two important characteristics; an ion
exchange capacity and an affinity for water which includes volumetric and plasticity changes with changes in moisture content (Rigassi, 1995).
One of the main reasons for lack of popularity of soil is its undesirable qualities. Those are (Kateregga 1983):

1. Its low loadbearing capacity which makes it unsuitable for supporting heavy roofs of large span buildings,

2. Its low resistance to moisture movements and absorption that can lead to structural weakness,
3. Its low compressive strength due to low binding strength of particles,
4. its very high shrinkage or swelling ratio resulting in major structural cracks of its products when exposed to different weather conditions and
therefore making them unsuitable for building construction purposes, and

5. Its low resistance to wear and tear and low durability calling for frequent repairs and maintenance when used in building construction.
 TECHNICAL COMPETENCE TECHNOLOGY
Based on the gaps identified TTLM
is prepared for the following Unit  Street Market gap is identified &
PROJECT PHOTO of Competencies Food cart is proposed as
1. Interpret drawing & sketches intervention.
2. Cut and join sheet metal  Value chain is developed.
3. Weld using gas metal arc  Blue print is also prepared.
welding process  Feasibility of the technology is
conducted
4. Recognize and rectify
 Manufacturing process is prepared
deviations
 All necessary raw material selected
5. Perform hand forging  Appropriate tools & equipment is
6. Perform resistance welding selected for manufacturing.
process (spot)  Operation test of the project is
7. Use workshop machines for carried out.
basic operations
8. Perform manual production
assembly
9. Apply basic protective coating

ENTREPRENEUR
I. Simulate creative thinking
II. Generate product idea
III. Product selecting criteria KAIZEN
a. Marketability
 Work station is organized & cleanliness is
b. Availability of production
maintained
materials
 Proper layout of machines based on
c. Ease of implementation
production flow is made.
d. Entrepreneur financial
 Production materials are used economically,
ability
IV. Formulating entrepreneurial  Scraps are collected and stored for sell.
strategies  Tested project is improved based on the
a. Adaptability customers feed back
b. Reshaping
c. Complementing
V. Feasibility study
VI. Business Plan preparation

13
3 CHAPTER THREE: DESIGN ANALYSIS AND MATERIAL
SELECTION

3.1 Methodology
The methodology of this project was to designed and manufactured chain link fence weaving
machine starts from problem identification to finishing process. This process are shown blow
with Gant char

14
 WORK PLAN

1.1 Time Schedule

I have included a temporary timeline based on the starting time and deadlines already specified
by the college to guide me and keep me on way as follows. I have estimated the time needed for
tasks and assigned tasks for each week.
Table 1Time Schedule
Months
Jun Oct Nov Dec
s/n Activity
W W W W W W W W W W W W W W W W
1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4
1 Problem identification
2 Literature review
3 Proposal writing
4 Proposal defense
5 Review of proposal after
defense
6 Submitting the final paper
(proposal)
Months
October November December January
s/n Project work
W W W W W W W W W W W W W W W W
1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4
7 Data collection
8 Purchase requisition and
purchasing
9 Preparing work drawing
10 Preparing full design
11 Starting practical work
12 Paper work
13 Finishing practical work
14 Submitting the final paper
15 Testing functionality
16 Presentation of the project

TOOLS / EQUIPMENTS NEEDED:

15
• Scriber

• Try Square

• Hack saw

• Center punch

• Measuring tools

• Hand Grinding machine

• pedestal drilling machine

• SMAW machine

• Drill bitt

• Sand paper

• Chipping Hammer

• Wirebrush

16
4 CHAPTER Four
4.1 MANUFACTURING PROCESS
This chapter addresses the process and Operation sheet for critical components of the project.
Manufacturing process is the part of the production process which is directly concerned with the
change of shape or dimensions of the part being produced. It is usually carried out as a unit operation,
which means that it is a single step in the sequence of steps required to transform the starting material
into a final product. Each part or component of a product must be designed so that it is not only meets
design requirements and specifications, but also can be manufactured economically and with relative
cost.
The broad categories of processing methods for materials are: Casting (expansion mold and permanent
mold),Forming and Shaping (rolling, extrusion, drawing, sheet forming, powder metallurgy, and
molding),Machining (turning, boring, drilling, milling, and so on),Joining (welding, brazing, soldering,
diffusion bonding, adhesive bonding and mechanical joining),Finishing operations (polishing,
burnishing, honing, surface treating, coating, and painting),Selection of a particular manufacturing
process depends not only on the shape to be produced but also on a large number of other factors.
General steps to manufacture components of the machine: -Take the material for the component
according to the design consideration. Check the selected diameter (dimension) to assure by proper
measuring tool. Mark the selected material to the recommended dimensions (layout).
Select the appropriate machine or tool for cutting the material to prepare the rough dimension.
Hold the selected material in the selected machine or tool to make the rough dimensions.
Perform the operation within the recommended and measured dimension on the marked line with
allowance. Perform the joining operation (welding, bolt & nut,). Finishing operation to the
recommended exact dimension.

4.1.1 Manufacturing operation

It is series of operation in which components are manufactured in their sequential order. Manufacturing
operations can be divided into two basic types:-
(1) Processing operations and
(2) Assembly operations
A processing operation transforms a work material from one state of completion to a more advanced
state that is closer to the final desired product. It adds value by changing the geometry, properties, or
appearance of the starting material. In general, processing operations are performed on separate work-
parts, but certain processing operations are also applicable to assembled items (e.g., painting a spot-

17
welded car body). Processing operation is done by using operation sheet which is the best & simplest
way of showing how the part is manufacture through different steps to complete the work. Therefore
process operation of our project is explained by using operation sheet.
An assembly operation joins two or more components to create a new entity, called an assembly,
subassembly, or some other term that refers to the joining process (e.g., a welded assembly is called a
weld meant).

4.1.2 Operation sheet for critical parts

Operation sheet for shaft

It is a machine element used to transmit power from the larger pulley to drive shaft through key and
pulley. It is also used to vibrate the table to screen sand.
Material------------SAE1020
Blank size---------Ø40x 2000mm
Quantity------------02

Figure 0.1shaft

Table 2 Operation sheet for driver shaft

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 No Operation Machine used Tools & Time

Equipment’s used in minute

1 Measuring & cutting to size Power hacksaw Venire caliper, 40

Steel rule

2 Facing on one side Lathe machine Carbide cutter & 5

V. caliper

3 Turning the step and Lathe machine Carbide cutter 30

Chamfering & V. caliper

4 Facing on the other side Lathe machine Carbide cutter 5

5 Turning and chamfering Lathe machine Carbide cutter 15

the other step & V. caliper

6 Milling a key way Milling machine End mill 20

7 Checking v. caliper 10

Operation sheet for base/frame

This is used to carry the machine element and motor parts to facilitate the proper operation. Base can be
constructing from RHS 60mm x60mm x 2mm raw material and the height of the base fream is 1800mm and
800mm width.
Material------------Mild steel
Blank size---------1800mm x 800mm
Quantity --------- 6

19
 Figure 0.2Base

Table 3Operation sheet for base

No Operation Machine used Tools & Time

Equipment’s used In minute

1 Measuring & cutting to size Power hacksaw Venire caliper, 240

Tape rule

2 Fit the align position and Try square 60

Check the angle
& tape rule

3 Assemble with bolt and Welding machine Chipping hammer 240

Welding set up part and avoid
the slag

4 Finishing Grinder machine grinder disk 50

Operation sheet for vibrating table

This is used to hold the sand material at the top of the screening sieve and shaft, pulley, bearing house are join
together with at the back of vibrating table. Therefore, the table is constructing from angle iron 50x50mmx 2mm
mild steel.
Material------------mild steel
Blank size---------800mm x 1243mm
Quantity --------- 01

Figure 0.3vibrating table

Table 4 Operation sheet for vibrating table

No Operation Machine used Tools & Time in minute

Equipment’s used

1 Measuring & cutting to size Power hacksaw Venire caliper, 40

20
 Steel rule

2 align the angle iron in to the Try square 5

position and Check the angle
& tape rule

3 welding the correct angle Welding machine Try square 15

4 Fit the plate in to the top frame Try square 5

5 welding the plate in to the Welding machine Chipping hammer 15

angle iron

6 Finishing Grinder machine grinder disk 10

5 CHAPTER five
5.1 COST ANALYSIS
This chapter computes the total cost by adding costs of raw materials and standard items, labor cost for
manufacturing and assembling components, electrical power consumption cost and machine depreciation cost to
manufactured parts required for sand screening vibrator machine and also result and discussion is included.

21
Cost Analysis

5.2 Elements of cost established selling price

Design and manufacture a product according to a certain specification by minimizing total cost and maximizing
efficiency of the product or machine to meet service requirements is only one aspect of production. Based on
these the design and manufacture of certain sand screening processing machine analysis should be done in order
to be competitive. The way element of cost
Builds up to establish a selling price is shown on figure below

Figure 6.4Establishing of selling price

The chief cost elements of direct material cost and direct labor cost determines major cost.
The factory expense such as light, power, maintenance, supply plus prime cost gives factory cost. The general
expense such as marketing and sales cost, legal expense, and security cost, financial, and administrative plus
factory cost gives manufacturing cost. The sales expense such as taxes, office stuff, and purchasing plus
manufacturing cost gives total cost.
(Total cost = manufacturing cost + sales expense).
Finally, the selling price established by adding a profit to the total cost for a business.

5.3 Cost breaks down and budget

It is important that the designer develops skills in estimating costs of designs in order to secure the most
economic features. This entails being aware of the breakdown of products cost and the various cost stops that
exist in an organization. These have to be broken down in to individual units to calculate the overall cost of the
product.
To put together these individual costs but they can be represented by three basic costs which are; - material cost,
labor costs, power costs.

22
 5.3.1 Indirect cost
A cost or expense that is not directly traceable to a product, activity, customer, etc. As a result, indirect costs and
expenses are often allocated to the product. For example, a manufacturing department that molds plastic has
some costs that are directly traceable to it, such as the wages and fringe benefits of the direct labor working
exclusively in that department. However, the heat for the entire building appears only on one utility bill. The
heating bill is an indirect cost to the molding department. Generally, it will be assigned to all departments based
on the number of square feet each department occupies.
Admiration cost = materials cost x 1%
Table 5List of Raw Material

No Item Specification Unit Qua Unit Total price

ntit price(birr)
y Birr cents Birr Cents
1. Mild steel sheet metal 3mm thick Pcs 3 2500 00 7500 00
2. Square pipe 50x50x2x 6000 mm Pcs 6 800 00 4800 00
3. Round bar Ø 16 Pcs 5 500 00 2500 00
4. Round bar Ø 28x370mm Pcs 1 200 00 200 00
5. Round pipe Ø 60x2x6000mm Pcs 1 800 00 00
800
6. Bolt and nut M6x60 mm Pcs 12 5 00 60 00
7. Single phase motor 1.9 KW Pcs 1 3000 00 3000 00
8. Ball bearing Pcs 2 500 00 500 00
9. Electrical switch Single phase Pcs 3 90 00 240 00
10. . Mild steel sheet metal 3mm thick Pcs 3 2500 00 7500 00
11. Square pipe 50x50x2x 6000 mm Pcs 6 800 00 4800 00
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.

Table 6list Of Standard Material

No Item Specification Unit Qty Unit Total price

price(birr)
Birr cents Birr Cents
1. Ball bearing Ø60 mm with Pcs 4 800 400
2. Journal bearing house(206)
Ø40 mm with Pcs 4 800 400
3. Ball bearing house(206)
Ø60 mm with Pcs 4 800 400
4. Electrical switch house(206)
Single phase Pcs 3 90 00 240 00
5. 5 hp vibration Pcs 1 5000 00 5000 00
6. Single phase motor 3 hp Pcs 1 5000 00 5000 00
7. Warm gear motor Pcs 1
3 hp 12000 00 12000 00

23
8. Plug/socket Male and female Pcs 1 100 100
9. Spring Helical spring Pcs 1 50 50
10. Hose with ring Ø12*16mm Meter 3 40 120
11. Bolt and nut M8*1.25*45mm Pcs 25 3 18
12. M12*1.75*60mm Pcs 15 4 60

Total 6270

Table 7 Consumable Material cost

No Item Specification Unit Qty Unit Total price

price(birr)
Birr cents Birr Cen
1 Antirust Gray Gallon 370 95
2 Paint Green Gallon 400 100
3 Brush 12 inch Pcs 2 18 36
4 Stico 190 kg 200 12 50
5 Thinner Standrdand L 1/2 110 55
6 Sand paper No. 60 Meter 1/20 50 2 50
7 Cutting disc 180*22*6mm Pcs 1 80 80
8 Grinding dices 180*22*6mm Pcs 1 70 70
9 Electrode Ø2.5*300mm Packet 1 300 300
11 Drill bit Ø 12mm HSS Pcs 4 12 48 11

Ø 8mm HSS Pcs 4 10 40

Total 1044

24
5.4 Labour cost for manufacturing and assembling components

5.4.1 Labour cost for manufacturing

It is the cost of the worker spend and making a product. The cost includes all the labor from the time
materials are first handle to the time the product is finished.

Table 0.8Manufacturing Labor cost

N Parts name Qty Operation Workin Payment Labor Total cost of
o to g part in Birr
per hour cost price
be made time in
in Birr
minute

Measuring & cutting to 40 25.00 16.70

size

Facing on one side 10 25.00 4.16

52.12
Turning the step and 30 25.00 12.50
chamfering

Facing on the other side 10 25.00 4.16

1 Shafts
,Base, Shaft Turning and chamfering 15 25.00 6.25

the other step

Milling a key way 20 25.00 8.35

Fit the plate in to the top 10 25.00 4.14

frame

welding each barts 100 25.00 150

Finishing 10 25.00 4.14

5.4.2 Labour cost for assembling components

Detail assembling of manufacturing components is indicated in section manufacturing process.
To the total cost of labor, we should calculate the time spend for manufacturing &assembling of parts
(components) of the project.
The time needed for assembling components of our project is indicated as follows:-

Table 0.9Assembling labor cost

No Types of assembly Method of Working Payment Labor cost

assembling time in hour per hour in price in Birr

Birr

1 Assembling of bearing Manual 0:30 25.00 12.5

with shaft

2 Assembling of gear with Manual 0:10 25.00 4.50

shaft

3 Assembling of driver Bolting 0:30 25.00 12.50

shaft with vibrating
machine

4 Assembling of base with Welding and 0:20 25.00 10.00

motor Bolting

5 Assembling of base with Manual 0:10 25.00 4.50

sportier

6 Assembling of base and Manual 0.30 25.00 12.50

motor house table

7 Assembling of mold manual 0:30 25.00 12.50

with motor and farm

8 Assembling of dai with Welding 1:00 25.00 25.00

mold base

Total cost 104.00 Birr

Total Labor Cost = Labor cost for manufacturing components + Labor cost for assembling
Components.
= 474.00 Birr +104.00 Birr
Total Labor Cost = 578.00 Birr
 5.5 Electrical power consumption cost
It is the cost of electric power needed to machine and weld parts of the project. Electric power is
expressed (measured) by a unit watt (w) or kilo watt (Kw).The cost of electric power is expressed in birr
per KWH. The electrical machines used and time consumed is indicated below:
Table 0.10Machines & time consumed/hour
No Manufactured Qty Types of machines &their machining time in hour

Power Lathe Milling Arc Oxy-fuel Drilling Portable

Parts

hack machine machine welding cutting machine hand

saw
machine machine grinder

1 Shafts 01 0:40 1:05 0:20 0:30

2 Mold 09 0:30 1:10

3 Pulley 04 0:30 5:35 0.30

4 Base 01 0:40 3:00 0.40 0:30 0.50

5 Plate 03 0:40 3:00 0.50

Total time/hour 2:20 6:40 2:00 6:30 0:40 0:30 1:40

Now let's calculate the energy used for each machine multiplying their power rating with their machining
time.
Note: - Power rating of each machine is taken from their life history card.

Material cost = raw material cost +standard material cost+ consumable material cost

5.6 Total cost of crane Machine

Manufacturing cost: -
 Material cost ----------------------- =8355.00Birr
 Labor cost -------------------------- = 578.00Birr
 Electric power consumption cost =47.47Birr
 Machine depreciation cost = 400.30Birr
Manufacturing cost = 9380.47 Birr
 Contingencies: - it is compensation due to some errors and unexpected failure of time in our project it is
usually taken as 10% of the manufacturing cost.

Contingency = 10 x 10756 Birr

10x9380/100 100
938.047 = Birr
 Total manufacturing cost= Manufacturing cost + Contingency
= 9380.47 Birr+ 938.047Birr
= 10.318.517
 Profit: - it is usually taken as20% of the total cost.
Profit = D = (20x10318.517)/100

= 2,063.7034 Birr
 Selling price= Profit + Total manufacturing cost
= 2,063.7034 +10.318.517Birr
= 12382.2204
Return on investment
ROI = (Amount received –Amount invested) x100
Amount invested
= 2,063.7034 -10.318.517) X100
8,254.5
= -80%

So enterprises return their investment to crane machine through one and half year

The block making machine is pressed at high pressure so that beautiful cement blocks and
hollow blocks can be pressed and colored pavement blocks can be manufactured.

1. Proportioning:
This is one of the most crucial aspects of blocks using the block making machine. It is the
determination of the suitable amount of raw materials needed to produce the desired quality
under given conditions.
According to academia.edu, the combined aggregate content in the concrete mix used for making
hollow blocks should not be more than 6 parts to 1 part by volume of Portland cement.

If this ratio is taken in terms of weight basis this may average approximately 1:7 (cement:
aggregate). However, there have been instances of employing a lean mix of as high as 1:9 by
manufacturers where hollow blocks are compacted by power-operated vibrating machines.
The water-cement ratio of 0.62 by weight basis can be used for concrete hollow blocks. Contact
us for more information including video and price now.

2. Mixing
The thorough mixing of aggregates is important in hollow block maker machine. You must allow
thorough mixing so that the water-cement paste will completely cover the surface of the
aggregates.

The concrete mixer collects all the raw materials including water and rotates it for one and a half
minutes (11/2). The product of the mixture is discharged into the mixer and consumed within 30
minutes, this prevents clinkers.

3. Compacting
Compacting is the filling of air-holes with concrete particles without movement of water through
the concrete. But if there are excessive compacting results in the formation of water pockets and
layers with high water content and poor quality of product.

4. Molding:
The wooden pallet is kept on the vibrating platform of the machine and the mold box is
depressed on to the pallet. The mixed concrete is poured into the mold and evenly leveled. The
motorized vibrating causes the concrete to settle down the mold by approximately 11/2 to 13/4
inches.

The stripper head is then placed over the mold to bear on the leveled material. Vibration causes
the concrete come down to its limit position, and then the mold box is lifted by the lever.

The blocks molded rests on the pallet and is removed afterward and another pallet is placed and
the molding process repeated.

One of the keys featuring advantages of the block making machine is that it can accommodate
different molds for producing blocks of different sizes

6 Maintenance of Hollow Block machine

Our block molds with wear, strong demand, to meet the requirements of production process
finished size precision, at the same time also has a low price, economic applicability and long
service life. About the maintenance of hollow block mold:

1. Removing concrete residue when cleaning the mold requires the use of air compressor
and soft tool. Do not heavily knock, pry and scrape the mold.
2. When you want to install or change the mold of hollow brick machine equipment,
collision should be avoided. Damages and deformations occur when there is mold and
mold collision, mold and other parts collision and these must be avoided.
3. Carefully adjust clearance, including the space of head and the mold core, head and sport
 plane, mold frame and line plate. Relative motion shall not interfere and brush touch
4. You must check the condition of the mold size and welding combining site in use. If weld
cracking occurs, you must speedily repair.
5. Lubrication and cleaning in hollow block mold occupies an important position. The
lubrication of mold is in order to prevent the adhesion of the brick, directly affect the size
and shape of hollow brick
6. Always check the size of hollow block mound and welding binding site condition. When
find weld crack, should be timely repair. When find wear fast, should adjust the
aggregate size. Excessive wear affect the quality of hollow block, should make new
molds.
7. Carefully adjust hollow block mold gap. Including the mold head and the mold core, the
mold frame and wire plate spacing etc., the relative motion shall not interfere with, touch.
If the deviation is bound to cause friction, each plane, this will damage the plane, The
hollow block produced slight deformation.
8. Pay attention to the daily maintenance of hollow block mold. When the hollow block
mold changing down, it needs to clean water, when cleaning to use soft tools, cannot use
a hard object hitting. After cleaning and oil it, then it must be kept in a cool, dry place, on
a flat, do not put heavy pressure on it, to prevent gravity deformation.