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How to Read Circuit Diagrams • Wire Diagrams
A graphical/visual representation of the physical connections and physical layout of an
1. What are all those Symbols? You have to be familiar with Electronic Symbols but don’t electrical circuit. This shows how the electrical wires are connected. Wiring diagrams
overwhelmed yourself. Electronic Symbols are easy to understand. also show where the wires should be located in the actual device, as well as the physical
connections between all the components.
2. How each parts connected? physically parts are connected by wires, in the
diagrams you will see black lines going from one part to another. This means that you
connect them with a wire. How to Use a Wiring Diagram

3. What about Polarity? some components on a circuit board are polarized, meaning one Use wiring diagrams to show the components of the circuit as simplified shapes.
side is positive and the other is negative. this means you have to attach it in a proper way. It is also useful in fault finding or trouble shooting when doing repairs

For example: Manong Juan, the electrician, wants to confirm the physical location of the
Tracing Schematics/Tracing Circuit Diagrams electrical component of a broken amplifier. When using a wiring diagram we can avoid
costly mistakes.
Relating a circuit schematic diagram to its physical electronic layout. This is essential skill
when fault finding or troubleshooting .
To do this, you must be able to recognize components and read its values, you must also
know its circuit symbols which had discuss in the previous lesson.
Let’s begin with this simple component. (the Battery and the Bulb)

How is a Wiring Diagram Different from a Pictorial Diagram?

It is a wiring diagram that uses abstract or simplified shapes and lines to show electrical
components. Pictorial diagrams are often photos with labels or highly detailed
drawings of the physical components.

Pictorial Wiring
Diagram Diagram

The Illustration below will show you a sample Circuit diagram of a bulb, where the bulb is Standard Wiring Diagram Symbols
connected in battery/supply thru a wire If a line touching another line has a black dot ( ), it means the lines are connected. When
unconnected lines are shown crossing, you'll see a line hop ( ).

Most symbols used on a wiring diagram look like abstract versions of the real objects
they represent. For example, An antenna is a straight line with three
small lines branching off at its end, much like a real antenna.

In reading/making schematic diagram we have to consider the electronic components

to be used and its electromagnetic compatibility or its ground.

Physical Connection Circuit Diagram

 • Preventing shock hazard. Shock hazard exists when equipment enclosure/ chassis, Circuit or Schematic Diagrams
by virtue of a fault or otherwise, is not connected to ground. The symbols represent the physical components of the schematic diagrams while
• Power fault clear-out. When the insulation or covering is damage due to aging or lines represent electrical conductors or wires. In order to learn how to read a circuit
environmental contaminants. Protection against lightning hazard. Grounding is diagram, it is necessary to familiarize yourself with schematic symbol of a component.
essential for draining severe lightning currents to ground, which can be life- It is also important to understand how the components are connected together in the
threatening and can also damage electronic components in an equipment. circuit.

• Electrostatic drainage. Proper grounding in equipment can bypass the path of this
discharge current, taking it away from sensitive components. General Circuit Diagram Rules
• EMI control. Grounding/earthing is necessary in EMI control. Shields need to be 1. Wires or lines in circuit diagrams — usually horizontal or vertical. Diagonal line may
connected to ground/earth as EMI currents induced in the shield need a path to be used which is placed at 45 degrees.
dissipate to ground. 2. Component symbols — usually placed horizontally or vertically.
3. Circuit diagrams — drawn as simply and neatly as possible.
What is the Difference between Earthing and Grounding? 4. Lines connecting components — can be assumed of as shielded /insulated wires
with only the ends of the wires being bare conductors for electrical connection.
• Earthing: is the process of protecting against unnecessary spikes of electricity that
can cause damage to life and property. 5. When lines cross each other in a circuit diagram — they can be assumed of as
two shielded /insulated wires crossing, if there is no visible node where the wires
intersect or cross each other.
6. Three lines interconnecting at a point with a node at the intersection — means
that three wires are electrically connected.
7. Two wires that cross each other with a node at the interconnecting of the crossing
point means that the wires are electrically connected.

• Grounding: is similar to Earthing, by which protection against accidental currents is

achieved. The main live wire is connected to a power supply to power an appliance, Connection
however, the other portion of the wire is led under the earth. This is done in case of Circuit diagram is a illustrate a perfect world where wires and other conductors do not
an accidental cut in the circuit, to avoid overloading and other dangerous side interfere with each other. The connection can be a wire, a copper trace, a plug -socket
effects. connection, a metal chassis, or anything that electricity will run through.
Lines represent connections. Schematics separate unconnected path and junctions where
line crossing designated a shared connection.

Example:

Connected

Not connected

Schematics uses special symbols to show connection to different types of power and
The key difference between earthing and grounding is that, earthling is the method used ground. They may be seen in multiple places on the schematics. Power connections are
to protect human being from electric shock while grounding is the method used to protect the commonly shown without any symbol, just a label showing the type of voltage, e.g. v+,
entire power system from crashing. 5V,12V, 120VAC.
 INDEPENDENT ACTIVITY 1 INDEPENDENT ASSESSMENT 3
Match the symbol to the electrical component it represents. Write your answer on a
separate sheet of paper
Draw the schematic diagram of a real circuit of battery and resistor. See the pictorial
Diagram below for reference. Draw your answer on a separate sheet of paper.

Symbol Component

A. Diode
1

2 B. Ground

C. Resistor
M
3

D. Motor

4
INDEPENDENT ASSESSMENT 1
Draw the symbols for the following component. Draw your answer on a separate sheet of E. Integrated Circuit
5
paper.
1. Resistor
2. Capacitor
3. Battery
4. Ground
You have learned from this module the different diagrams and symbols used in electronics.
5. Switch
To prove that you indeed were able to know these, complete the following statement. Write
INDEPENDENT ACTIVITY 2
Read directions 1 and 2 and draw your answer on a separate sheet of paper.
your answer on a separate sheet of paper.
Electronic diagrams are the most commonly used drawings. A schematic diagram is a
1. Use a block diagram to draw the circuit of a single-celled light bulb and switch that are
drawing that illustrates physical electronic components in their respective positions within
placed together.
a system, but not necessarily in their actual physical location. Here are some of the 1. From this module I learned that __________must be drawn as neat
electronic component that you are going to encounter in this module.
and simple as possible.

Rearrange the jumbled letters to unlock the hidden word. Write it on a separate sheet of 2. Circuit diagram consists of __________.
paper.
3. __________ is used to store electric charge.
_______1. (IWER) It is a single electrical conductor.
_______2. (USEF) This will cause disconnect when current exceeds a certain amount. 4. __________ will shortly allow current to flow.
_______3.
2. (TORCACIPA)
Use a pictorial Thisdiagram
and schematic is use totostore
drawelectric charge
a circuit in our
of 2 bulb andappliances.
2 2A battery.

_______4. (OTGLEG HCWTIS) It will stops the flow of current when open.
5. __________ is the primary drawing of the electronics and
_______5. (USHP TTONUB WTIHCS) This shortly allows current flow when button is communications in a circuit .
pushed in, this breaks current when released.
6. is a circuit symbol of __________.
_______6. (ABERTYT) It stores electric charge and generates a constant voltage
_______7. (SISREROT) It restricts current flow of electrons. 7. is a circuit symbol of __________.
_______8. (ROUGDN IWER) a wire that has an electrical connection to the earth
through another grounded conductor. 8. __________ is used to design new system or enhance existing
_______9. (CUITIRC KERAERB) This is used to protect a circuit from an overload of
current.
ones. It consists of single or combination block.
_______10. (TORDUCIN) a coil that generates a magnetic field.
9. is a circuit symbol of __________.
_______11. (NANANET) This transmits and receives radio waves.
_______12. (MPAL/BLUB) It generates light when current flows through. 10. __________ generates light when current flows through.
_______13. (DEOID) It allows current to flow in one direction indicated by an arrow
head or triangle on the wire