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Color Blindness, OR Color Vision Deficiencies

Color blindness is the inability to perceive differences between some colors that others can distinguish. It is caused by abnormalities in the cones of the eye that are sensitive to different wavelengths of light. The Ishihara color test is a widely used test to screen for and classify types of color blindness. It involves pages with circular patterns of colored dots where a number is hidden that a colorblind person may not see or see differently. Proper administration and scoring of the test is important to accurately diagnose color vision deficiencies.

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Salih Ali
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94 views11 pages

Color Blindness, OR Color Vision Deficiencies

Color blindness is the inability to perceive differences between some colors that others can distinguish. It is caused by abnormalities in the cones of the eye that are sensitive to different wavelengths of light. The Ishihara color test is a widely used test to screen for and classify types of color blindness. It involves pages with circular patterns of colored dots where a number is hidden that a colorblind person may not see or see differently. Proper administration and scoring of the test is important to accurately diagnose color vision deficiencies.

Uploaded by

Salih Ali
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Color blindness, OR

color vision deficiencies


Color Vision
Is the ability of the eye to
discriminate between colours
excited by light of different
wave lengths.
Color Blindness
Is the inability to perceive
differences between
some of the colours that
other people can
distinguish.
Normally, there are three kinds
of cones (each one sensitive to
a specific range of wavelengths):

L (Long) ---"red" cones (64%)


(725 – 647 nm, peak : 565 nm)

M (Middle) ---"green" cones


(32%)
(575 – 492nm, peak : 535 nm)

S (Short) ---"blue" cones (2%)


(492 – 450 nm, peak : 420 nm)
Color blindness causes
The Ishihara color deficiency
test
The most widely for color blindness test,

found by Japanese ophthalmologist Shinobi Ishihara (1879-1963)


who devised the procedure and first published a description of it in
1917.

The Ishihara Color Vision Test consists of a booklet, each page


containing a circular pattern (or “plate”) comprising many dots of
various colors, brightness and sizes.

The seemingly random coloured dots are arranged in such a way


that a person with normal colour vision will see a single-digit or two-
digits number within the array of dots.

while a colourblind person will either be unable to see a number or


will see a different number than the one seen by a person with
normal colour vision.
Importance of colour vision
test
The objectives of assessment of color vision is
to:
Screen for color deficiency.

grade the severity of color vision defect (CVD).

Classify the type of defect.


Experimental part
1. Preferably have mild natural light (day light) in the testing room.
2. Testing distance should be (50 to70) cm or at arm length.
3. The color glasses are not permitted to be worn by the examinee.
4. Observation time is (3 to 5) seconds per plate (10 secs for
winding).
5. The two eyes are testing simultaneously for congenital
CVD. And, cover the healthy eye when testing acquired
CVD.
6. Don’t allow coaching, touching or tracing of the numbers by the
subject to avoid memorization.
7. Counting the numbers of misread plates.

CVD : color vision defects


Designing of ishihara plates

1st plate-
for demonstration
and malinger.

Hidden-digit plates:

• normal person does not


see a figure while a CVD will
see the figure.
Transformation
plates: normal person
sees one
figure and a CVD sees
another.

Vanishing plates:
normal person see the
figure while a CVD person
will
not.
Diagnostic plates:
seen by normal subjects,
CVD one number more
easily than another.
Protans only see the no.
on the right side and
deutans only see the no.
on the left.

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