GOTHIC ARCHITECTURE

05 HETALI BHATT
15 SAGAR GOTAWALA
18 SHREYA KELAWALA
21 SAGAR KHANESHA
38 MIKIL VANKAWALA

GOTHIC ARCHITECTURE HISTORY OF ARCHITECTURE

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 GOTHIC PERIOD

•The style of art known as

Gothic developed in Europe
during the Middle Ages.

• It was mainly a method of

building. Gothic characteristics
appeared first in architecture.
Many of the world's great
cathedrals and churches were
built in the Gothic style
between the 12th and 16th
centuries.

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• Devout Christians would Undertake long pilgrimages in order to visit and
venerate the relics of saints and martyrs.

• Widely Travelled people to visit sites and see relics believing them To have
curative powers.

• These large numbers of people travelling routes standard created from

one monastery to another "Pilgrimage Roads" - They Became routes of
trade / commerce and travel.

• Gothic style architecture included big churches called

cathedrals. Cathedrals had tall skyscraper-like towers.

• They made ​them That way to get people to look

up in the sky and think of God;
the experience of looking at one of the
great gothic cathedrals is to look up towards
divinity.

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 • That is why most gothic structures emphasize
the upright.

• Represented gothic cathedrals faith,

dedication, and cooperation.

• The spiritual attitude dominated the

Romanesque age that was not as strong and
sure during the gothic.

• Earlier in the period, people believed that the

world was a god - inspired mystery that could
be expressed in art.

• Through engineering, intellect and spirituality

these medieval cathedrals perfectly express
the mind.

• The church in the middle ages was a place

that all people, could belong to.

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 RELIGIOUS
•The Catholic Church prevailed across Europe at this time, influencing not only
faith but also wealth and power.

•Bishops were appointed by the Church and often ruled as virtual princes over
large estates.
•The early Medieval periods had seen a rapid growth in monasticism, with
several different orders being prevalent and spreading their influence widely.

•Foremost were the Benedictines whose great abbey churches vastly

outnumbered any others in England.

•A part of their influence was that they tended to build within towns, unlike the
Cistercians whose ruined abbeys are seen in the remote countryside.

•The Cluniac and Cistercian Orders were prevalent in France, the great
monastery at Cluny having established a formula for a well planned monastic
site which was then to influence all subsequent monastic building for many
centuries.
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 GEOGRAPHIC

•From the 10th to the 13th century,

Romanesque architecture had become
a pan-European style and manner of
construction, affecting buildings in
countries as far apart as Ireland,
Croatia, Sweden and Sicily.

•The same wide geographic area was

then affected by the development of
Gothic architecture, but the acceptance
of the Gothic style and methods of
construction differed from place to
place, as did the expressions of Gothic
taste.

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 NOTABLE GOTHIC COSTUME ELEMENTS

HERALDRY—A combination of
particoloring, coat of arms and family
insignia that would note family lineage in
coat of arms or clothing.

DIAPERING—Putting precious gems and

stones on a garment in simple or elaborate
patterns most often recognized by a
diamond pattern.

PARTI-COLORING—A multi-colored
garment, often with one side embroidered
based on the colors and the emblems in a
coat of arms
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 CHAPERON—A caped hood with long tail,
or liripipe, worn with the face opening around
the head and the liripipe wound about the
head and then draped under the chin.

DOUBLET—A short jacket or variety of

pourpoint sleeved or sleeveless, worn under
a closefitting pourpoint, when used as an
outer garment it was padded and had a short
skirt.

POURPOINT—A short jacket with tight

sleeves buttoned from elbow to wrist, worn
under the cote-hardie; formerly known as a
paltock.
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• COTE-HARDIE—A shaped garment, tight-fitting
around the shoulder, waist and hips. When worn
by a woman it usually ended at the hips or
slightly below, often with dagged or scalloped
edges. It could be hooked or laced up either the
front or the back.

• TIPPET—A band sewn around the elbow of the

cote-hardie sleeve with the end hanging as a
streamer.

• ROUNDEL—A headdress made of a thick roll of

material with a scarf or liripipe hanging down one
side and draped over the shoulder.

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POMANDER—A ball or hollow ornament often made
of filigree, containing a sponge of perfume,
suspended from a necklace or girdle.

TABARD—Square piece of fabric with a hole in the

middle, to be worn over the armor.

SHORT GOWN—A garment tailored at the shoulders

and gathered at the waist with a cord that would be
cut at the knees. Undergraduate gown of today.

LONG GOWN—Same as the short gown but fuller

and all the way to the floor. Graduate gowns of today

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 CONNECTIONS WITH ROYALS AND FAMOUS
PEOPLE
• Royal connections
– medieval shrine of an Anglo-Saxon
saint at its heart of the building.
– Unbroken role as the coronation
church since 1066
– final resting place of 17 monarchs
– Conducted many royal funerals
– Hosted 16 royal weddings

• Connections with famous people

– burial place for several prominent
people in British history

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 GOTHIC SCULPTURE
•Buildings in Gothic times supplied the framework into which all other arts fitted.
Leaves, flowers, conventional patterns, and large statues were carved into the
stonework of buildings.
•These statues were usually of saints or persons from the Bible.

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 •Sculpture was used everywhere on Gothic
churches.

•Figures of saints stood around the piers;

scenes from the old and new testaments were
carved above doorways.

• People were depicted more realistically during

the Gothic period than during the Romanesque.

•The folds and wrinkles of garments were

shown falling in a natural way. The faces of the
statues had expressions, and their almond-
shaped eyes seemed to look in one direction or
another.

•This was unlike Romanesque sculpture, which

was stiff and not naturalistic.

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 •Gothic carvers often combined
beautiful, natural-looking, and
saintly figures with imaginary
demons, imps, or other invented
creatures.

•Sometimes these creatures

were grotesque and sometimes
they were funny.

•The Middle Ages was a time

when the church had absolute
authority, but that did not stop
people from remembering the old
legends and superstitions that
had been passed down from their
ancestors.

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 GOTHIC PAINTING
•The earliest Gothic paintings were decorations on the walls of
buildings. Later, stained-glass windows often took up much of the wall
space, leaving no room for painting on a large scale
.
•Smaller painting on panels of wood were made to be placed above
altars in churches.

•Other examples of Gothic painting are found in hand-decorated books

called illuminated manuscripts.

• Later the artists painted studies of real life.

Plants and animals and people served as
models.

• It was during the Gothic period that artists

stopped copying older forms and started
basing their designs on shapes in nature.
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 WALL PAINTING STAIN GLASS
BOOK

RELIGIOUS PAINTING

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 WHAT IS GOTHIC ARCHITECTURE?

―Gothic architecture is a style of

architecture the flourished during
the high & late medieval period.
It evolved from Romanesque
architecture & it was succeeded
by Renaissance architecture‖.

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 GOTHIC ARCHITECTURE
(12 – 15th century)

• Gothic architecture began mainly in France, where architects were inspired by

Romanesque architecture and the pointed arches of Spanish Moorish
architecture.
•It's easy to recognise Gothic buildings because of their arches, ribbed vaulting,
flying buttresses, elaborate sculptures (like gargoyles) and stained glass
windows.
Gothic architecture was originally known as ―French Style‖. During the period of
Renaissance it fell out of fashion and it was not respected by many artists. They
marked it as ―Gothic‖ to suggest it was the crude work of German barbarians
(Goths).
•Examples of Gothic architecture:
•Notre Dame Cathedral in Paris
•Milan cathedral,milan, italy

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 GOTHIC

• Meaning of Gothic
– “DARK AGE”

• Invading barbarians from

the north ruined ancient art
and replaced it with their
own culture

– Goths took Rome in 410

• little damage but became
known as the first tribe of
barbarians and thus the
name ―Gothic‖

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 SUPERSTITIONS

• Gothic art expressed the

apocalyptic sense that a great
day of judgment and/or
catastrophic change is at hand.

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 INVENTION

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THE MECHANICAL CLOCK 13TH
CENTURY AD

SPINNING WHEEL 13TH CENTURY AD

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 HOW THE GOTHIC ARCHITECTURE CREATED IT’S
OWN LANGUAGE.
• Goths believed that forests were the first temples of God....The
forests of the Gauls passed in their turn into the temples of our
fathers, and our oak forests have thus preserved their sacred origin.

• These vaults incised with leaves, these socles that support the walls
and end brusquely like broken tree trunks, the coolness of the
vaults, the shadows of the Sanctuary, the dark aisles, the secret
passages, the low doors, all of this evokes in a Gothic church the
labyrinths of the forests.

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 ELEMENTS OF CHURCH

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 ELEMENTS OF CHURCH

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 GREEK CROSS PLAN LATIN CROSS PLAN

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 GREEK CROSS

•Church, in architecture, is a building designed for christian worship.

•The earliest churches were based on the plan of the pagan roman basilica,
or hall of justice.
•The plan generally included a nave, or hall, with a flat timber roof, in which
the crowd gathered; one or two side aisles flanking the nave and separated
from it by a row of regularly spaced columns; a narthex, or entrance vestibule
at the west end, which was reserved for penitents and unbaptized believers;
and an apse of either semicircular or rectangular design, located at the east
end and reserved for the clergy.

•Greek-cross plan, church plan in the form of a

Greek cross, with a square central mass and four arms
Of equal length.
•The Greek-cross plan was widely used in byzantine
Architecture and in western churches inspired by
Byzantine examples.

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 LATIN CROSS
• A plain cross in which the vertical
part below the horizontal is longer
than the other three parts.

• Cathedrals were usually oriented

along an east-west axis.

• The main entrance was on the

west end while the liturgical stuff
(altar, bishop’s throne, etc.) Was
located in the east end.

• They had the shape of a Latin

cross.

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NAVE : The central longitudinal space of a basilica church.

TRANSEPT: An extension across the main

axis giving a church the shape of a cross.

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AISLE: The space between the columns of the
nave and the side wall.

narthex

NARTHEX: A vestibule leading to the nave of a church, originally

separated by a screen.

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CROSSING: Area of a church where the nave, choir, and transept
intersect .

CHOIR: Area of the church where the priest performs the mass.

APSE: Vaulted, circular extension or projection at the eastern end of a

church .

apse

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 CHARACTERISTICS
Gothic Architecture

•SKELETAL STONE STRUCTURE

•VISUAL ARTS WERE IMPORTANT NCLUDING

THE ROLE OF LIGHT IN STRUCTURES

•SCHOLISTICAL- TRANSLATIONS OF REAL

EVENTS INTO STONE AND GLASS

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 SKELETAL STONE STRUCTURE

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 VISUAL ARTS WERE IMPORTANT INCLUDING THE
ROLE OF LIGHT IN STRUCTURES

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SCHOLISTICAL- TRANSLATIONS OF REAL EVENTS
INTO STONE AND GLASS

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 CHARACTERISTICS OF GOTHIC ARCHITECTURE

• Dark

• Focus on verticality

• Pointed arches

• Rib vaults

• Flying buttresses

• Large stained glass windows

• Ornaments and pinnacles

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 POINTED ARCH

• Gothic architecture is not merely about

ornamentation.
• The Gothic style brought innovative
new construction techniques that
allowed churches and other buildings
to reach great heights.
• One important innovation was the use
of pointed arches.
• Earlier Romanesque churches had
pointed arches, but builders didn't
capitalize on the shape.
• During the Gothic era, builders
discovered that pointed arches would
give structures amazing strength and
stability.

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 Gothic Architecture: The Pointed Arch

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 RIBBED VAULTING

• Earlier Romanesque churches relied

on barrel vaulting.
• While barrel vaulting carried weight
on continuous solid walls, ribbed
vaulting used columns to support the
weight.
• The ribs also delineated the vaults
and gave a sense of unity to the
structure.
• Arches, usually three pairs per
rectangular bay, running diagonally

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 THE RIB VAULT

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 THE FLYING BUTTRESS

• In order to prevent the

outward collapse of the
arches, Gothic architects
began using a
revolutionary "flying
buttress" system.

• Freestanding brick or
stone supports were
attached to the exterior
walls by an arch or a half-
arch.

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 THE FLYING BUTTRESS

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 LARGE STAINED GLASS WINDOWS

• Since the walls themselves were

no longer the primary supports,
Gothic buildings could include
large areas of glass.
• Huge stained glass windows and
a profusion of smaller windows
created the effect of lightness and
space.

• The stained glass window shown

here is from Notre Dame
Cathedral in Paris.

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 GARGOYLES
• Cathedrals in the High Gothic style became
increasingly elaborate.
• Over several centuries, builders added
towers, pinnacles, and hundreds of
sculptures.
• In addition to religious figures, many Gothic
cathedrals are heavily ornamented with
strange, leering creatures.
• These gargoyles are not merely decorative.
• Originally, the sculptures were waterspouts
to protect the foundation from rain.
• Since most people in Medieval days could
not read, the carvings took on the important
role of illustrating lessons from the from the
scriptures.

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• In architecture, a gargoyle is a carved or
formed grotesque with a spout designed to
convey water from a roof and away from the
side of a building, thereby preventing
rainwater from running down masonry walls
and eroding the mortar between.
• Architects often used multiple gargoyles on
buildings to divide the flow of rainwater off
the roof to minimize the potential damage
from a rainstorm.
• A trough is cut in the back of the gargoyle
and rainwater typically exits through the open
mouth.
• Gargoyles are usually an elongated fantastic
animal because the length of the gargoyle
determines how far water is thrown from the
wall.
• When Gothic flying buttresses were
used, aqueductswere sometimes cut into the
buttress to divert water over the aisle walls

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 GOTHIC FLOOR PLANS

•Gothic buildings were based on

the traditional plan used by
basilicas.

•However, single units were

integrated into a unified spatial
scheme.

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 • Most Gothic churches, unless they are
entitled chapels, are of the Latin cross
(or "cruciform") plan, with a long nave
making the body of the church, a
transverse arm called the transept and,
beyond it, an extension which may be
called the choir, chancel. There are
several regional variations on this plan. Ameins cathedral

• The nave is generally flanked on either

side by aisles, usually singly, but
sometimes double.

• The nave is generally considerably

taller than the aisles, having clerestory
windows which light the central space.
Wells cathedral

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THE ENTIRE SANCTUARY IS THUS PERVADED BY A WONDERFUL
CONTINUES LIGHT ENTERING THROUGH THE MOST SACRED WINDOWS
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 NAVE ELEVATION COMPARISON FOR HIGH
GOTHIC CATHEDRALS
144 ft.

Height of nave vaults 118 ft.

107 ft.

80 ft.

Figure 18-9 Nave elevations of four French Gothic cathedrals at the same scale (after Louis Grodecki):
(a) Laon, (b) Paris, (c) Chartres, (d) Amiens.

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 LIST OF CATHEDRALS

• WESTMINSTER ABBEY, LONDON

• ST .STEPHEN'S CATHEDRAL VIENNA,

AUSTRIA

• NOTRE DAME CATHEDRAL, PARIS,

FRANCE

• MILAN CATHEDRAL,
MILAN, ITALY

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 1. WESTMINSTER ABBEY

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 INTRODUCTION

• Collegiate Church of St. Peter at

Westminster, located in the City of
Westminster, by the Thames in South
West London.
• Initially established by King Edward the
Confessor (later Saint Edward) in 1040.
• The building was subsequently enhanced,
the present church begun by King Henry
III in 1245.
• English Gothic architecture masterpiece.
• Still a working church, but one that
represents a unique pageant of British
history

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 WESTMINSTER ABBEY – ARCHITECTURE
• Gothic architecture
– Introduced from France (style of the medieval period)
– English Gothic flourished between 1180-1520
• Westminster Abbey has many of the defining
characteristics of English Gothic, as follows:
– pointed arches and large windows
– large windows
– vaulted roof and ceiling
– narrow nave
– buttress
– spires
• At Westminster Abbey, the physical characteristics combine in such a way
as to appeal to the emotions

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 BENEDICTINE MONASTERY / JERUSALEM CHAMBER

• Benedictine monastery history

– Monks at Westminster Abbey
– Dissolution by King Henry VIII
– Reign of the protestant Elizabeth I
• Jerusalem Chambers
– The principal room in the medieval
house of the Abbots of Westminster
(this house known as Cheyneygates)
– Rich tapestries
– Historic significance of Jerusalem
Chambers

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 WESTMINSTER ABBEY – WORLD WAR II

• Blitz
– numerous bombing raids by the Luftwaffe
– night of 10 May 1941
• Protection of treasures
– evacuation
– protection
• Building usage during the War
• Victory celebrations
– Victory in Europe (VE) Day on 8th May 1945
– Victory over Japan (VJ) Day on 15th August 1945

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 CONCLUSION

• Worship
– A living church today, part of the Church of England, with daily
services.
• Historic significance
– One of the world’s greatest churches, a designated World Heritage
site
– reflects key events in British history
• Architectural significance
– masterpiece of English Gothic architecture

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 2. ST .STEPHEN'S CATHEDRAL VIENNA, AUSTRIA

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• Its most recognizable
characteristic, the diamond-
patterned tile roof, was only added
in 1952.

• the initial Romanesque structure

was extended westward; the
present-day west wall and
Romanesque towers date from this
period. In 1258, however, a great
fire destroyed much of the original
building, and a larger replacement
structure, also Romanesque in style
and reusing the two towers.

ST .STEPHEN'S CATHEDRAL VIENNA, AUSTRIA

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 • King Albert I ordered a Gothic
three-nave choir to be
constructed east of the church,
wide enough to meet the tips of
the old transepts.
• The middle nave is largely
dedicated to St. Stephen and All
Saints , while the north and south
nave, are dedicated to St. Mary
and the Apostles respectively.
• he winds carried the fire to the
cathedral where it severely
damaged the roof, causing it to
collapse.

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SECTION OF ST .STEPHEN'S CATHEDRAL VIENNA

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 3. NOTRE DAME CATHEDRAL, PARIS, FRANCE

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 • Names: Notre Dame
Cathedral; Cathédrale Notre-
Dame de Paris (Cathedral of
Our Lady of Paris)
• Location: Paris, Ile-de-
France, France
• Date: 1163-1345
• Features: Medieval Stained
Glass; Romanesque
Sculpture

NOTRE DAME CATHEDRAL, PARIS, FRANCE

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 HISTORY OF THE CATHEDRAL

• The Notre Dame de Paris

stands on the site of Paris' first
Christian church, Saint Etienne
basilica, which was itself built
on the site of a Roman temple
to Jupiter.
• Construction on the current
cathedral began in 1163.
• Between 1210 and 1220, the
fourth architect oversaw the
construction of the level with
the rose window and the great
halls beneath the towers.

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• The towers were finished around
1245 and the cathedral was finally
completed around 1345.
• During the reigns of Louis XIV and
Louis XV at the end of the 17th
century the cathedral underwent
major alterations, during which many
tombs and stained glass windows
were destroyed.
• In 1793, the cathedral fell victim to
the French Revolution.
• Many sculptures and treasures were
destroyed or plundered
• The cathedral also came to be used
as a warehouse for the storage of
food.

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 Double aisles – ambulatories on a bent axial line
Transepts not projected beyond the aisle wall
High vault –a ribbed vault whose lateral triangles are bisected by an
intermediate transverse rib, producing six triangles within a bay
Vault is 100ft (30m) high
Double span flying buttresses (earliest form)

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 • Interior elevation – 4
levels
• Arcade of columnar
piers
• Tribune (originally
covered by transverse
barrel vault, and lit by
the round windows)
• Decorative rose
windows
• Small clerestory

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 FLYING BUTTRESSES

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 NORTH AMBULATORY LOOKING EAST
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 •The beautiful West Rose Window
dates from about 1220.

•The west rose window at Notre

Dame is 10 meters in diameter and
exceptionally beautiful.

•The main theme of the west rose is

human life, featuring symbolic scenes
such as the Zodiacs and Labours of
the Months.

•On the exterior, it is fronted by a

statue of the Virgin and Child
accompanied by angels.

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 • The south rose window
installed around 1260.
• its general themes are the
New Testament, the Triumph
of Christ
• The south rose is 12.9
meters in diameter and
contains 84 panes of glass.

SOUTH ROSE

•Notre-Dame, Paris
•West front has a solid quality
•Triple portals
•Gallery of Kings
•Represents twenty-eight
kings of the Old Testament

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 • The three west portals of Notre Dame
Cathedral are magnificent examples of early
Gothic art.
• Sculpted between 1200 and 1240, they
depict scenes from the life of the Virgin
Mary, the Last Judgment, and scenes from
the life of St. Anne (the Virgin Mary's
mother).

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 Interior of Notre Dame cathedral

INTERIOR VIEW OF
NOTRE DAME CATHEDRAL, PARIS,
FRANCE

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 4. MILAN CATHEDRAL, ITALY

• Milan Cathedral is the cathedral

church of Milan in Lombardy,
northern Italy.

• The Gothic cathedral took five

centuries to complete.

• It is the largest Gothic cathedral

and the second largest Catholic
cathedral in the world.

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 • Length 157 metres (515 ft)
• Width 92 metres (302 ft)
• Width (nave) 16.75 metres (55 ft)
• Height (max) 45 metres (148 ft)
• Dome height (outer) 65.5 metres (215 ft)
• Spire height 106.5 metres (349 ft)
• Materials Brick with Candoglia marble

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• The plan consists of a nave with four side-aisles,
crossed by a transept and then followed by choir
and apse.
• The cathedral's five broad naves, divided by 40
pillars, are reflected in the hierarchic openings of
the facade.
• Even the transepts have aisles.
• The nave columns are 24.5 metres (80 ft) high,
and the apsidal windows are 20.7 x 8.5 meters
(68 x 28 feet).
• The huge building is of brick construction, faced
with marble
• The height of the nave is about 45 meters, the
highest Gothic vaults of a complete church.
• The roof carries spectacular sculpture that can
be enjoyed only from top. The roof of the
cathedral is renowned for the forest of openwork
pinnacles and spires, set upon delicate flying
buttresses.

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 The famous "Madonnina" a top
the main spire of the cathedral, a
baroque gilded bronze artwork.

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 THE CATHEDRAL AS IT APPEARED
IN 1745.

THE CATHEDRAL IN 1856.

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 INTERIOR VIEW OF MILAN CATHEDRAL FLYING
MILAN CATHEDRAL BUTTRESS

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 REGIONAL VARIATIONS -BRITISH

• The thing that makes English cathedrals

different from the others is that they are
long, and look horizontal

• English cathedrals nearly all took

hundreds of years to build, and every part
is in a style that is quite different to the
next part.

• The West window is very large and is

never a rose window.

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• The west front may have two towers
like a French Cathedral, or none.

• There is nearly always a tower at the

middle of the building, which may
have a big spire.

• The distinctive English east end is

square, but it may take a completely
different form. Both internally and
externally, the stonework is often
richly decorated with carvings,
particularly the capitals.

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 REGIONAL VARIATIONS -ITALY

• The plan is usually regular and symmetrical.

• With the exception of Milan Cathedral which

is Germanic in style, Italian cathedrals have
few and widely spaced columns.

• The proportions are generally

mathematically simple, based on the
square, and except in Venice where they
loved flamboyant arches, the arches are
almost always equilateral.

• Italian cathedral façades are often

polychrome and may include mosaics in the
lunettes over the doors.

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• Italian gothic cathedrals use lots
of colour, both outside and
inside.

• The columns and arches are

often decorated with bright
colored paint.

• There are also mosaics with gold

backgrounds and beautifully tiled
floors is geometric patterns.

• The facades often have an open

porch with a rose windows above
it.

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• The bell tower is hardly ever
attached to the building, because
Italy has quite a few earthquakes.

• The windows are not as large as in

northern Europe and, although
stained glass windows are often
found, the favorite way of
decorating the churches is fresco
(wall painting).

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 REGIONAL VARIATIONS - FRANCE
• The distinctive characteristic of French
cathedrals, and those in Germany and
Belgium that were strongly influenced by
them, is their height and their impression
of verticality.

• They are compact, with slight or no

projection of the transepts and subsidiary
chapels.

• The west fronts are highly consistent,

having three portals surmounted by a
rose window, and two large towers.

• Sometimes there are additional towers on

the transept ends.

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• The east end is polygonal with ambulatory.

• In the south of France, many of the major

churches are without transepts and some
are without aisles.

• It was good for building because it was soft

to cut, but got much harder when the air
and rain got on it. It was usually a pale grey
colour. France also had beautiful white
limestone from Caen which was perfect for
making very fine carvings.

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• The architects had to think of a new
way to make a wide roof from short
pieces of timber. That is how they
invented the hammer-beam roofs
which are one of the beautiful
features seen in many old English
churches.

• Hammer-beam roof: consists of a

series of trusses, repeated at
intervals.

• its object is to transmit the weight

and thrust of the roof as low as
possible in the supporting wall.

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HIGH POINTED ARCHES

THICK TOWERS
LARGE COLORED WINDOW

GARGOYLES
THICK
SUPPORTING
WALLS WITH A
BUTTRESSES
FEW WINDOWS

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 Romanesque Gothic
Radiating chapels and
Separate compartments. Unified, unbroken space.
apse:
Mostly barrel-vaults, some
Vault: Groin-vaulted cathedrals.
groin-vaults.
Arch type: Rounded arches. Pointed arches.
Main vault support: Thick walls, buttresses. Exterior flying buttresses.
Large stained-glass
Clerestory: Small few windows
windows.
Elevation: Horizontal, modest height. Vertical, soaring.
Plain, little decoration, Ornate, delicate, lots of
Exterior:
solid. sculpture.
Thin, elongated, abstract More realistic proportions
Sculptural decoration:
figures. and individualized features.
Dark, gloomy later bright
Mood: Necessary light
and airy
St. Sernin, Toulouse,
Example: Chartres Cathedral, France.
France.
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