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8086 Opcode Calculation

The document discusses the instruction format used in the 8086 microprocessor. It consists of an opcode, direction bit, word size bit, MOD R/M bytes, and optional displacement bytes. The MOD R/M bytes specify the addressing mode and registers. It can be 1 to 6 bytes depending on the addressing mode and can encode direct registers, memory with optional displacements, and registers.

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305 views2 pages

8086 Opcode Calculation

The document discusses the instruction format used in the 8086 microprocessor. It consists of an opcode, direction bit, word size bit, MOD R/M bytes, and optional displacement bytes. The MOD R/M bytes specify the addressing mode and registers. It can be 1 to 6 bytes depending on the addressing mode and can encode direct registers, memory with optional displacements, and registers.

Uploaded by

Santhanamari G
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Instruction Format in 8086 Microprocessor

In this article, we are going to study the instruction format that is followed in the 8086
microprocessor.
Submitted by Monika Sharma, on July 22, 2019

For every instruction that is executed in the 8086 microprocessor, an instruction format is
available that is the binary representation of that instruction.

This instruction format can be coded from 1 to 6 bytes depending upon the addressing modes
used for instructions.

The general Instruction format that most of the instructions of the 8086 microprocessor follow
is:

 The Opcode stands for Operation Code. Every Instruction has a unique 6-bit opcode. For
example, the opcode for MOV is 100010.
 D stands for direction
If D=0, then the direction is from the register
If D=1, then the direction is to the register
 W stands for word
If W=0, then only a byte is being transferred, i.e. 8 bits
If W=1, them a whole word is being transferred, i.e. 16 bits
 The MOD and R/M together is calculated based upon the addressing mode and register being
used in it. This is calculated as follows:

00 01 10 11
R/M (Memory Mode with (Memory mode with 8 (Memory Mode with (Register
no displacement) bit displacement) 16 bit displacement) Mode)
000 [BX] + [SI] [BX] + [SI] + d8 [BX] + [SI] + d16 AL AX
001 [BX] + [DI] [BX] + [DI] + d8 [BX] + [DI] + d16 CL CX
010 [BP] + [SI] [BP] + [SI] + d8 [BP] + [SI] + d16 DL DX
011 [BP] + [DI] [BP] + [DI] + d8 [BP] + [DI] + d16 BL BX
100 [SI] [SI] + d8 [SI] + d16 AH SP
101 [DI] [DI] + d8 [DI] + d16 CH BP
110 d16 (direct) [BP] + d8 [BP] + d16 DH SI
111 [BX] [BX] + d8 [BX] + d16 BH DI
 REG stands for register selected. It is a 3-bit code which is calculated as follows:
REG Code Register Selected
000 AL AX
001 CL CX
010 DL DX
011 BL BX
100 AH SP
101 CH BP
110 DH SI
111 BH DI
 The low order displacement and high order displacement are optional and the instruction
format contains them only if there exists any displacement in the instruction. If the
displacement is of 8 bits, then only the cell of low order displacement infilled and if the
displacement is of 16 bits, then both the cells od low order and high order are filled, with
the exact bits that the displacement number represents

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