ORGANIC REAGENTS. S.No. | Reagent Function 1 |PCh, PBrs, Pls Alcohols into Alkyl halides 2 |SoCl PCls ‘Alcohols into «Alkyl chlorides & Carboxylic acids into Acid Chlorides 3 | HCV2nC1,HBr.HI Alcohols into alkyl halides 4 | Chie or FeCl; Cl group substituting on Benzene 5 | NaNO; /HCI 0.5°C Diazotisation 6 | CuCl,CuBr,CuCN,KLH;O, | Diazonium Cholride into Chlor Benzene, H3POz Bromo Benzene, Benzo nitrile, lodo Benzene , Phenol, Benzene respectively ~|3) HBF, or NaBF; Diazonium Chloride into Floro Benzene ‘AgF or HgF3 or SBF; or CoF; ‘Alkyl halides into alkyl florides 27 Conc. H;S0,/410K 9 | Na/dry ether Alkyl halides into alkanes 10 | NaQH 623/443/368K Chloro benzene to phenol 1 | Br) /FeBry Bromination of Benzene 12 [Ch /FeCly Chlorination of Benzene 13 | CH.CI/AIC alkylation of benzene and its derivatives 14 | CH-CO-CI/AICL, Acylation on benzene 15 |H;S0,/HNO; Nitration of benzene 16 _ | (CHCO),0 /AICl; Q_Acylation of Phenol 17 |H:SOs Sulphonation on Benzene 1 | H,0/ 280, alkenes into alcohols ‘Aq KOH Alkyl halide into alcohol 19 | BH3/H,0,/0H" ‘Alkenes into alcohols (Anti ‘Markownikoff product) 20 |NaBHJLiAIH,(LAH) Aldehydes, ketones, acids into aleohols, Nito & Cynides , Isocyanides into amines 21 | Hy Nior Hy/Pd reduction of aldehydes, ketones and eynides, 22 | RMgX/H,0° ‘Aldehydes, ketones into alcohls 23 | OSH" ‘Cumene to phenol 24 [Na ‘Alcohol or phenol ini Sodium alkoxide/Phenoxide 25 | (CHCO),O/CH-CO-Cl_—_/Q acylation on phenol or N acylation on Aneline or amine 26 | Conc. H;S0,443K ‘Conversion of primary alcohols into Alkenes Conversion of alcohols into Ethers 28 85% H3PO,/ 440K Secondary alcohol into alkene 29 20% HsPO./358K_ Alcoholic KOH Tertiary alcohol into alkene Alkyl halide into alkene:ORGANIC REAGENTS 30 | CrO¥KMnO, or KxCr.0; | oxidation of alcohols into acids in acidic medium a1 [Cus7k dehydrogenation of alcohols gives 17 alcohols into aldehydes and 2" alcohols into ketones & 3° aleohos into alkenes 32 __ [Dil HNO, Mono nitration of Phenol 33 | Cone-HNOs ‘Wi nitration of phenol 34 [BR AT,O {ri bromination of phenol, 35 [BniCs mono bromination of phenol 36 [NaOH Or Phenol to salicilic acid 37__ | CHCls/NaOH Phenol to salcilaldehyde 38__|Zndust Phenol to Benzene 39 [NaxCr07/H:S0, or air [Phenol to Benzo quinone 40° | Zn/Cr:03 2000 300 am [CO & H into methanol 573 673K 41__[Invertase Sucrose into Glucose or Fructose 42__|Zymase Glucose or Fructose into ethanol a3__ [HE Ether into alcohol & alkyl halide a _ [PCC aleohol to aldehyde 45_|Pd /BaSO,.Ay ‘acid chloride into aldehyde 46__ | SnCiyHCVH,0* Cyanides into aldehydes 47__| AIHG-Bu)yH.0 (Cyanides into aldehydes 48 [DIBAL-H/H,O Esters into aldehydes 49 [Cr0,C1/H,0 Toluene to aldehyde 50 [CrO3(CH;CO),0- Toluene into Benzaldehyde SI | Clyhv Chlorination on alkyl group of Benzene or alkane 32__[CO, HCl anhydrous AIC | Benzene to Benzaldchyde 53 [(CHsnCd acid chloride into ketones Sd [RMgX/H1,0" ‘Cyanides into ketones 55__|HCN Carbonyl compound into cyanohydrin 56 | NaHSO; addition to aldehyde and ketone. 37 carbonyl compound into oxime 58 carbonyl compound into hydrazone 59 carbonyl compound into Phenyl hydrazone rc) carbonyl compound into 2,4 dinitro phynyl hydrazone 6 carbonyl compound into semi carbazide ca) ‘Aldehydes & ketones into hemiacetal and acetal 63 [HO-CH;-CH;OH/HCI_ [Aldehyde or ketone into ethelene glycolORGANIC REAGENTS ketone 4 | Z-Hg/HCl carbonyl compound into alkane 65 | H,N-NH;/KOH. carbonyl compound into alkane 66 |[KMnO/OH7K:Cr,0; __| Ketones into mixture of carboxylic acids #11380, or HNOs on prolonged oxidation 67 |(Ag(NH3))NOs+Na0H___[Tollen s test 68 | CuOH; Febiling s test 69 | NaOH; Todoform 70__ [NaOH or Ba(OH ‘aldal condensation’ 71__ | Conc KOH or NaQH (Cannizaro 5 reaction 72__[KMnO, /KOH Toluene/alkyl Benzene into Benzoic Acid 73 [HOM ‘Cyanides into carboxylic acids, amides into carboxylic acids, esters into carboxylic acis and alcohols, acid chlorides or anhydrides into carboxylic acids 74 |NaOw ‘Saponificaiton of ester, acid into salt of acid 75__ | NasCO, or NaHCO; Carboxylic acid test 76 |P,O\or P05 Dehydration of acids into anhydride, amides into nitriles 77__ | ROHiconc H3S0, Caroxylic acids intoesters 78__ | PCls. SoCh, PCIs Carboxylic acids into acid chlorides 79 [NH heating ‘Carboxylic acids into amides 80 [NaQH/CaO Decarboxylation (acids into alkanes) 81 [LAI ‘Carboxylic acids into aleohols, amides into amines $2 |[Chied Ps HVZ reaction $3 | Sn/HCl or Fe MCI, HyPd | Reduction of nitro compounds into amines 84__[NH; Alkyl halides into amines 85__|H,NiorHyPdLiAlH, | Amides into cyanindes 86 | KOH/R-X Phthalamide into-amine 87 [NaOH Bry Hoffman bromamide, amide into amine with one C less 88 | KOH.CHCIs ‘Amines into Carbyl amines 89 [NaNO,/HCI 1" aliphatic amines into alcohols ‘90 [NaNOYHCI 0 5°C___| Aniline into diazonium chloride or GHSO0,c1 Distinguishing 1".2"& 3” amines 92 | BryH,0 ‘Aneline into tri bromo aniline 93 | Br/CH-CO-Cl ‘Aniline into Bromo Aniline ACHCO)20ORGANIC REAGENTS 94 [HNO CH-CO-CI Nitro aniline ACHCO),0 95 [H:SOy ‘Sulphonation on aniline 96 | CuCl,.CuBr,CuCN,KLH,0, | Diazonium Cholride into Chlor Benzene, HPO; or CH;-CH-OH Bromo Benzene, Benzo nitrile, Jodo Benzene , Phenol,Benzene respectively hehecrise APPENDIX -8 NAME REACTIONS 1. | Finkelstein cH8r + Nat ASHE cH waar 2.) Swarts 3. | Friedel-Crafts Alkylation. CBr + Age. ————— CHF + ager on Aotyydrous AIC, 4. | Friedel-crats cH coo Acylation Gamiow a Na 5. | wurtz wma 4 ay hs 7 o +cat, tet 6. | sig ——— sees wa ana 7. | wore rinig 4 acon, a te Dryether ONa om HH eo coon 8. | Kolbe a yer oH 8, | Reimer-Tiemann om _otel + Noon Se Ho 10] witamson AL) Stephen CHy-Br + CHy-ONa CH y-O*CHy + NaBr Ho" nycen 4 Snel joc] —e nye an EOS yee* Ho 12.) tara oo 13,| Gatterman=Koch sere pahrous A; 14.| Rosenmund fi en reduction nye Pa/ 8950, aye ° 35,| Clemmensen il 2n-He fo corr, reduction yc” Sony, Cone, HO reduction Hye Sa, i) ROH F Ethylene eho! oe 17,] Totlens’ test RACHO+ 2 [Ag(NHs).)" © 3.04" COO’ + Dag 4 + 2H,0 +4 NHy 18.| Fehling’s test RCHO+2Cu" + SO RCOO + CHO 4 +340 i L/ mon 19,]ladoform J ——+—_» a, | ct ,c00 na Hye ots OR, NaOH éINaOH 201] ardor 2ige—cno ON se fe eH —A echo = core condensation one, NaOH 21.| conmzzora weno g Ho SOME MON nccona + H3¢—oW i)Cl, # Red Phosphorus Zelinsky (HVZ) i)H,0 * 23,| Moffmonn Br, bromomige ce); —— em nyc, degradation Naoa 34) Carbyfamine fy + CHCl + 3KOH ——— RNC + 3KCI4 31:0 2s) pies CO NaNO #4 HCI or ‘oH istinguish By a Single Chemical Test 1. All aldelnydes ( R-CHO) give Tollens' Test and produce silver mirror. RCHO + 2[Ag(NH,},]” + 30H’ —+RCOO™+ 2Ag | + 2,0 +4NH, Tollens' Reagent silver ppt Note: HCOOH(methanoic acid) also gives this test, ketones (RCOR} do not give this test 2. All aldehydes (R-CHO) and ketones(RCOR) give 2,4-DNP test RCOR + 2,4-DNP —» Orange ppt R-CHO + 2,4-0NP — Orange ppt 3. Aldehydes and ketones having CH,CO- (keto methyl} group give lodoform Test. Alcohols having CH,CH- OH group also give ladoform Test CH,CHO + 3I, #4NaQH— CHI, + + HCOONa +3 Nal +3H,0 Yellow ppt 4, The following compounds give lodoform Test: ethanol (C,H,OH), propan-2-ol (CH,CH(OH)CH,), ethanal{CH,CHO), propanone(CH,COCH,), butanone {CH,COCH,CH,), pentan-2-ane (CH,COCH, CH,CH,), acetophenone ( PhCOCH, } 5. Allcarboxylic acids (R-COOH) give Bicarbonate Test RCOOH +NaHCO, -+ RCOONa + CO, T + HO effervescence 6, Phenol gives FeCl, Test CHOH + FeCl, > (C,H.0),Fe + 3 HCI (neutral) {violet color)+ 10, AL. 1. All primary amines (R/Ar -NH,) give Carbyl Amine Test R-NH, + CHCl, + KOH[alc) > RNC + KCI + H.O offensive smell Aniline gives Azo Dye Test ( Only for aromatic amines) GHNH, +NaNO,+HCl—> CGHN,'Cr; then add Benaphthol orange dye All alcohols (ROH) give Na-metal test R-OH + Na — R-ONa + H, bubbles Foresters (RCOOR) : Hydrolyses first, Then see the products ( acid & alcohol) and give a test to identify them. All alkenes (C=C) and alkynes ( decolorizes Br, - water from red te colourless Lucas Test ta distinguish primary, secondary and tertiary alcohols Lucas reagent: Zn¢l,/HC1 3-alcohol + Lucas reagent — immediate turbidity 2?-alcohol + Lucas reagent —> turbidity after sometime L"-alcohol + Lucas reagent > no turbidity