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Lecture5 Cramers Rule Equivalent Circuits

This document summarizes key topics from a lecture on electrical and electronics circuits: 1) It recaps mesh/loop analysis using Kirchhoff's voltage law (KVL) and nodal analysis using Kirchhoff's current law (KCL) to analyze circuits. 2) It describes ideal sources that maintain constant current or voltage and dependent sources whose output depends on other parameters. 3) It introduces Cramer's rule for solving node voltages or currents and discusses equivalent circuits that simplify complex circuits while maintaining electrical properties.

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105 views

Lecture5 Cramers Rule Equivalent Circuits

This document summarizes key topics from a lecture on electrical and electronics circuits: 1) It recaps mesh/loop analysis using Kirchhoff's voltage law (KVL) and nodal analysis using Kirchhoff's current law (KCL) to analyze circuits. 2) It describes ideal sources that maintain constant current or voltage and dependent sources whose output depends on other parameters. 3) It introduces Cramer's rule for solving node voltages or currents and discusses equivalent circuits that simplify complex circuits while maintaining electrical properties.

Uploaded by

batrujerke
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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EE101(S3): Introduction to

Electrical and Electronics Circuits


Lecture 5 (August 3, 2021)
Instructor: Shalabh Gupta
(shalabh@ee.iitb.ac.in)
Today’s topic
• Ideal sources (recap)
• Dependent vs. independent sources (recap)
• Mesh/loop and nodal analysis (recap)
• Cramer’s Rule
• Equivalent Circuits

EE101-S3 (Autumn 2021) 2


Summary: Mesh/Loop Analysis (using KVL)
and Nodal Analysis using KCL
Mesh/Loop Analysis
 Uses KVL to find the current’s through various branches in the circuit
 If a current source is present in some loop, KCL may also have to be used to eliminate the
voltage across the current source.

Nodal Analysis
 Uses KCL to find voltages at various nodes
 If a voltage source is present in some loop, KVL may also have to be used to eliminate the
voltage the current through the voltages source.

EE101-S3 (Autumn 2021) 3


Summary: Ideal Sources
Ideal Current Source
 The current through it remains
constant (i.e. it does not
change due to external factors
such as the load resistor value)

Ideal Voltage Source


 The voltage across it remains
constant (i.e. it does not
change due to external factors
such as the load resistor value)

EE101-S3 (Autumn 2021) 4


Summary: Dependent Sources
Dependent Sources
 Current or voltage source whose
value depends on other circuit
parameters (such as current or
voltage values)
 Can be considered as “ideal” if
their output is load
independent, else “non-ideal”.

Example:

EE101-S3 (Autumn 2021) 5


Cramer’s Rule: Use determinants to solve for
node voltages or currents

EE101-S3 (Autumn 2021) 6


Equivalent Circuits
Often, a big circuit can be represented using a simplified version of
the circuit called “equivalent circuit”. The equivalent circuit has
electrical properties that are identical to the original circuit
 Generally applicable if the circuit elements are linear (or can be
approximated to be linear)

Examples:

EE101-S3 (Autumn 2021) 7


Thevenin’s Theorem
Any circuit with linear elements (i.e. a linear network) with
current and voltages sources can be represented as
 a voltage source with a series resistance across two of its terminals.
 it is known as the Thevenin’s equivalent of the circuit.
 The equivalent circuit model is valid for sinusoidal sources and
complex impedance values also.
 NOT VALID for non-linear circuit elements.

Thevenin’s
equivalent

EE204M (Autumn 2020) 8

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