Er.

Raghvendra Shukla Limit, Continuity and Differentiability

EXERCISE – 1 CHECK YOUR GRASP

Section (A) : Definition of LHL/RHL and Indeterminate forms
A-1. Examine the graph of y = f(x) as shown and evaluate the following limits :
(i) im f(x) (ii) x im f(x)
x 1 2

(iii) im f(x) (iv) im f(x)

x 3 x 1.99

(v) im f(x)

x 3 

A-2. Evaluate the following limits :

e
im3 ex
(i) x im (x + sin x) (ii) x im (tan x – 2x) (iii) x cos x (iv) x im xx (v) xim

t
2 3 x 5 1
4 sin x

A-3. Evaluate the following limits,

u
where [ . ] represents greatest integer function and { . } represents fractional part function

ti
x 
(i) im [sin x] (ii) x im  
2  2 
(iii) im sgn [tan x] (iv) xim
1
sin–1 (n x)
x x
2

t
 x 1 , x  1
A-4. (i) If f(x) = 2x  3 , x  1 , evaluate xim
1
f(x).


(ii)

x 2  2 , x  2
 x , x 1
Let f(x) = 
2x  3 , x  1
, if xim

 2x , x  1
1
f(x) exist, then find value of

n s
I
A-5. If f(x) =  and g(x) =  , evaluate xim f (g(x)).
 1  x , x  2 3  x , x  1 1

.
A-6. Which of the followings are indeterminate forms. Also state the type.

(i) im [ x] , where [ . ] denotes the greatest integer function

x 0  x

(ii)

(iv)
im
x  

im
x2  1 – x

. S (iii)

xnx , where { . } denotes the fractional part function

im (tan x)tan2x
x

2

R
x 1

SECTION (B) : Evaluation of limits of form 0/0, /,  – , 0 × , Use of L-Hospital

Rule & Expansion
B-1. Evaluate each of the following limits, if exists

x3  3x  1 4 x 3  x 2  2x  5 a  2x  3 x
(i) im (ii) xim (iii) x im ,a0
x  1 x 1 1 x 6  5 x 3  2x  4 a
3a  x  2 x
B-2. Evaluate the following limits, if exists

1  cos 4 x im 3 sin x  cos x

(i) im (ii) 
x 0 1  cos 5 x x
6 
x
6

tan 3 x  2x 2 2
(iii) im (iv) im (a  x ) sin(a  x )  a sin a
x 0
3 x  sin 2 x x 0
x

(v)
bx ax
im e  e , where 0 < a < b (vi) im x e 
2 x
 e2 
x 0 x 0
x 1  cos x

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Er. Raghvendra Shukla Limit, Continuity and Differentiability
5 5
n(1  3 x ) 2) 2 2) 2
(vii) im (viii) im ( x   (a 
x 0
3x  1 x a
x a

im n (2  x)  n 0.5 x n  2n
(ix) x 0 (x) Find n  N, if x im
2
= 80.
x x2

1 cos 2x
2 (n (1  x )  n2)(3.4 x 1  3x )
(xi) im (xii) im 1 1
x0 x x 1
[(7  x ) 3  (1  3 x ) 2 ]. sin( x  1)
B-3. Evaluate the following limits.

n3  2n2  1  3 n 4  1

e
 1 2 x 
(i) im  2  2  ....  2  (ii) im , nN
x
x x x  n 4
n 6  6n 5  2  5 n7  3n3  1

(iii) im
x x 2
 8x  x  (iv) im
x  

2
 x 

x 5 tan  1   3 | x |2  7

u
| x |3 7 | x |  8 t
B-4. Evaluate the following limits.

 2 2

im  x  13 – ( x – 1) 3 
(i) x  
 
(ii) x 
im cos
  
x 1  cos x 

t ti
 1

im  ( x  1) ( x  2) ( x  3) ( x  4) 4  x 
(iii) x   

s
B-5. Evaluate the following limits using expansions :
1 1 tan 2 x
e x  1  sin x 
im ( x  2) 2  (15 x  2) 5

n
(i) (ii) im 2
x2 x 0
1
x3

I
(7 x  2) 4 x

a  b sin x  cos x  ce x
If x im

.
B-6 exists, find the values of a, b, c. Also find the limit
0
x3
B-7. Find the values of a and b so that:

S
(i) im 1  a x sin x  b cos x may have a finite limit.
x 0
x4

B-8.
(ii)

(iii)
x 

im
x 0

R


.
im  x 4  ax 3  3 x 2  bx  2  x 4  2x 3  cx 2  3 x  d  = 4

axe x  b n (1  x )  cxe  x
x 2 sin x

 im
2

 n 1  x (1 x ) 1 

Find the following limit using expansion : x 0  2
 
x 


 x
x x
B-9. im (cos ) (sin ) cos2 = cos4  n (cos )  sin4  n (sin ),   0 ,  
Prove that x  4 x4  
 2
x im n x
SECTION (C) : Limit of form 00 , 0 , 1 , x im , , Sandwitch theorem and

e x x x
Miscellaneous problems on limits.
C-1 Evaluate the following limits :

(i) im x x 2 (ii) im (tan x)cosx

x 0  
x
2

(iii) im ([x])1–x , where [ . ] denotes greatest integer function (iv) im etanx
x 1

x
2

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Er. Raghvendra Shukla Limit, Continuity and Differentiability
C-2. Evaluate the following limits :
x x 1
im  1  2x  sec
im  tan   x   x
(i) x
 (tan x)tan2x (ii) x 
im   (iii) xim
1 1  nx 
2
(iv) x 0  
4 
 1  3x   4 

c
C-3 If xim
1 
1  ax  bx 2  x 1
= e3 , then find conditions on a, b and c.

 n x   xn 
x n 1   e x sin x 
x  
C-4. Evaluate following limits : (i) im  (ii) im e 
x n x x x n

C-5. im [1 . 2 x ]  [2 . 3 x ]  .....  [n . (n  1) x ] , where [ . ] denotes greatest integer function.

Evaluate n 

2n
n3

im x  1 ,nN find range of f(x).

If f(x) = n 
t e
u
C-6.
x 2n  1


Section (D) : Continuity at a point

 sin (a  1) x  sinx

Determine the values of a, b & c for which the function f (x) = 
x

t ti for x  0

s
D-1. c for x  0
2 1/ 2 1/ 2
 ( x  bx ) x for x  0
 bx 3 / 2

is continuous at x = 0.

 1  sin3 x
 3 cos2 x

I n ,x   / 2

.

D-2. Find the values of ' a ' & ' b ' so that the function, f (x) =  a ,x   / 2 is continuous at
 b (1  sinx )
 (  2x )2 , x   / 2

S


.
x = /2.
D-3. If f(x) = {x} & g(x) = [x] (where {. } & [.] denotes the fractional part and the integral part functions respectively),
then discuss the continuity of :
(i) h(x) = f(x). g(x) at x = 1 and 2 (ii) h(x) = f(x) + g(x) at x = 1

D-4.

(a)
(b)
R
(iii) h(x) = f(x) – g(x) at x = 1

find all zeros of f

 f ( x)

Suppose that f(x) = x  3x  4x + 12 and h(x) =  x  3
3 2

 K
,x  3
,x  3
, then

find the value of K that makes h continuous at x = 3

(iv) h(x) = g(x) + f ( x ) at x = 1 and 2

(c) using the value of K found in (b), determine whether h is an even function.
sin3 x  A sin 2x  B sin x
D-5. If f(x) = (x  0) is continuous at x = 0. Find A & B. Also find f (0).
x5

Section (E) : Continuity in an interval, Continuity of composite functions, IMVT

E-1. Find interval for which the function given by the following expressions are continuous :

3x  7 1 x2 x2  1  x 
(i) f(x) = 2 (ii) f(x) = | x | 1 – (iii) f(x) = (iv) f(x) = tan  
x  5x  6 2 1  sin 2 x  2 

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Er. Raghvendra Shukla Limit, Continuity and Differentiability
E-2. If f(x) = x + { x} + [x], where [ . ] is the integral part & { . } is the fractional part function. Discuss the
continuity of f in [  2, 2 ]. Also find nature of each discontinuity.
x2  1
E-3. If f(x) = and g(x) = tan x, then discuss the continuity of fog (x).
x2  1
1 x , 0  x  2
E-4. Let f(x) =  . Determine the composite function g(x) = f (f(x)) & hence find the point of
3  x , 2  x  3
discontinuity of g , if any.
3 1
E-5. Find the point of discontinuity of y = f(u), where f(u) = 2 and u = .
2u  5u – 3 x2
x3 7

e
E-6. Show that the function f(x) = – sin  x + 3 takes the value within the interval [–2, 2].
4 3

Section (F) : Derivability at a point

F-1. Examine the differentiability of f (x) = 1  e x 2 at x = 0.

u t
ti
 x m sin 1  ; x 0
F-2. Show that the function f (x) =  x is,
 0 ; x0

t
(i) differentiable at x = 0, if m > 1.
(ii) continuous but not differentiable at x = 0, if 0 < m  1.

s
(iii) neither continuous nor differentiable, if m  0.
F-3. Prove that f (x) = |x| cos x is not differentiable at x = 0
F-4. Test the continuity & differentiability of the function defined as under at x = 1 & x = 2.

n
x ; x 1

I

f (x) = 2  x ; 1 x  2 .
 2  3x  x 2 ; x2


.
ax 2  b if | x |  1

F-5. If f(x) =   1 is derivable at x = 1. Find the values of a & b.
 | x | if| x |  1

S


.


 1 for    x  0
 

R
F-6. A function f is defined as follows: f(x) =  1  sinx for 0  x 
 2
2
   
2   x  2  for
2
x
  
Discuss the continuity & differentiability at x = 0 & x = /2.
F-7. Let R be the set of real numbers and f: RR be such that for all x & y in R
|f(x) – f(y)|  |x – y|3. Prove that f(x) is constant.

Section (G) : Derivability in an interval

G-1. Draw a graph of the function, y = [x] + |1  x| , 1  x  3. Determine the points, if any, where this function is
not differentiable, where [ . ] denotes the greatest integer function.
 1
 x ; 0  x 1
G-2. Discuss the continuity & derivability of f (x) =  2
 x . [x] ; 1 x  2
where [ x ] indicates the greatest integer x.
G-3._ Discuss continuity and differentiability of y = f(x) in [–2, 5] where [.] denotes GIF & {.} denotes FPF

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Er. Raghvendra Shukla Limit, Continuity and Differentiability
 [ x] , x  [–2, 0]

 { x} , x  (0, 2)
 x2
 , x  [2, 3)
f(x) =  4
 1
 log ( x  3) , x  [3, 5]
 4

  x2 
 cos 
G-4._ Check differentiability of f(x) = sgn (x2/3) +  1 x2  + |x – 1|5/3 in [–2, 2] where [.] denotes GIF..
  

Section (H) : Functional equations and Miscellaneous

H-1^. If f : R  R satisfies f(x + y) = f(x) + f(y), for all x, y  R and f(1) = 2, then 
7

f (r) is :

t e
u
r 1

f (1  cos x)  f (2)

ti
H-2. If f(2) = 4 then, evaluate xlim ..
0 tan 2 x
H-3. Let a function f : R  R be given by f(x + y) = f(x) f(y) for all x, y  R and f(x)  0 for any x  R.

t
If the function f (x) is differentiable at x = 0, show that f(x) = f(0) f(x) for all x  R. Also, determine f(x).
 1  1
H–4. Let f(x) be a polynomial function satisfying the relation f(x). f   = f(x) + f    x  R – {0} and

s
x x
f(3) = –26. Determine f(1).
H-5. Let function f(x) satisfying the relation f(x + y)+ f(x – y) = 2f(x).f(y), then prove that it is even function

H-6. Let f(x) be a bounded function. L1 = x

and L1 = L, then prove that L2 = –



L
.

I n
im (f(x) – f(x)) and L = im f(x) where  > 0. If L , L both exist
2 x  1 2

.

H-7. Let ‘f’ be a real valued function defined for all real numbers x such that for some positive constant ‘a’ the

S
1 2
equation f ( x  a)   f ( x )  f ( x ) holds for all x. Prove that the function f is periodic.
2

EXERCISE – 2

A-1.
x 0

(A)

(B) 1
.
Section (A) : Definition of LHL/RHL and Indeterminate forms

R
im sin1 ((sec x)) is equal to

(C) zero
ACCERELATORS

(D) none of these

2
A-2. Consider the following statements :

S1 : im [ x] is an indeterminate form (where [ . ] denotes greatest integer function).

x 0  x
x
S2 : im sin (3 ) = 0 S3 : im x – sin x
does not exist.
x 
3x x  cos 2 x
x

S4 : im ( n  2) !  ( n  1) ! (n  N) =0
n 
(n  3) !
State, in order, whether S1, S2, S3, S4 are true or false
(A) FTFT (B) FTTT (C) FTFF (D) TTFT

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Er. Raghvendra Shukla Limit, Continuity and Differentiability
SECTION (B) : Evaluation of limits of form 0/0, /,  – , 0 × , Use of L-Hospital
Rule & Expansion
3

B-1. im ( x  27 ) n ( x  2 ) is equal to

x3 2
( x 9 )

(A)  8 (B) 8 (C) 9 (D)  9

im ( 4 x 1)3
B-2. x0 is equal to
x  x2 
sin   n 1  
p  3 

(A) 9 p (n 4) (B) 3 p (n 4)3 (C) 12 p (n 4)3 (D) 27 p (n 4)2

B-3. im
x2

(A) 0

sin e x2 1
n ( x 1)

is equal to

(B)  1 (C) 2 (D) 1

t e
u
sin  n (1  x)
B-4. The value of xim is equal to

ti
0
 n (1  sin x)

1 1
(A) 0 (B) (C) (D) 1

t
2 4
 100 
 xk  100


s
 
B-5. im  k1  is equal to
x 1
x1

n
(A) 0 (B) 5050 (C) 4550 (D)  5050

I
 2 2 
B-6. The value of im tan2 x  2 sin x  3 sin x  4  sin x  6 sinx  2  is equal to:
x  
2

.
1 1 1 1
(A) (B) (C) (D)
10 11 12 8

S
   
B-7. im n cos   sin   , n N is equal to:
n
 4 n  4 n

B-8.
(A)

im
x 1

(A)

3

R
1  cos 2( x  1)
x 1
.
(B)

exists and it equals


4

2
(C)

6
(D) none of these

(B) exists and it equals  2

(C) does not exist because x  1 
(D) does not exist because left hand limit is not equal to right hand limit.

 
x  2 
B-9. im  
x

 cos x  is equal to (where [ . ] represents greatest integer function)
2
 
(A) – 1 (B) 0 (C) – 2 (D) does not exist
B-10. im (1  x + [x  1] + [1  x]) is equal to (where [.] denotes greatest integer function)
x 1

(A) 0 (B) 1 (C)  1 (D) does not exist

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Er. Raghvendra Shukla Limit, Continuity and Differentiability
1
B-11. im cos (1 x ) is equal to
x 0
x

1
(A) (B) 2 (C) 1 (D) 0
2

1
x 3 sin  x 1
B-12. im x is equal to
x
x2  x  1

1
(A) 0 (B) (C) 1 (D) none of these
2

e
 3n  ( 1)n
im

t
B-13. is equal to (n  N)
n 
4n  ( 1)n

3 3 3

u
(A) – (B) – if n is even ; if n is odd
4 4 4

ti
3
(C) not exist if n is even ; – if n is odd (D) 1 if n is even ; does not exist if n is odd
4

t
n 1
im 5  3n  2 2 n
B-14. n  n n 2n  3
, n N is equal to
5 2 3

s
(A) 5 (B) 3 (C) 1 (D) zero

B-15. im  x  x 2 n 1  1   is equal to :

n
x  
  x  

I
1 3 1
(A) (B) (C) (D) 1
2 2 3

.
x2
–

im e – cosx
2
B-16. x 0 is equal to
x 3 sinx

(A)
1
4

sin (6 x 2 )
. S
(B)
1
6
(C)
1
12
(D)
1
8

R
B-17. im is equal to
x0
 n cos (2 x 2  x)
(A) 12 (B)  12 (C) 6 (D)  6

x im n x
SECTION (C) : Limit of form 00 , 0 , 1 , x im
 x , x , Sandwitch theorem and
e x
Miscellaneous problems on limits.
x 1
 x  2
C-1. im   is equal to
x
 x  2
(A) e4 (B) e 4 (C) e2 (D) none of these
5

C-2. x  0

im 1 tan2 x  x
is equal to
(A) e5 (B) e2 (C) e (D) none of these

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Er. Raghvendra Shukla Limit, Continuity and Differentiability
1
n (tan x )
C-3. The value of x im (1  [ x]) is equal to (where [ . ] denotes the greatest integer function)
4

(A) 0 (B) 1 (C) e (D) e1

x
 x 2  2x  1 
C-4. im   is equal to
x  2 
 x  4x  2 
(A) 1 (B) 2 (C) e2 (D) e
1
C-5. The limiting value of (cos x ) sin x at x = 0 is:
(A) 1 (B) e (C) 0 (D) none of these

e
 x 
tan  
C-6. im  2  a   2a 
is equal to
xa 

t
 x
a
 2a 2
(A) e  (B) e   (C) e   (D) 1

C-7. If [x] denotes greatest integer less than or equal to x, then n

x x
im


x
1
n4


ti u 
[13 x ]  [23 x] ... [n3 x] is equal to

t
(A) (B) (C) (D)
2 3 6 4

s
Section (D) : Continuity at a point
cos(sin x )  cos x
D-1. A function f(x) is defined as below f(x) = , x  0 and f(0) = a

n
2
x

I
f(x) is continuous at x = 0 if 'a' equals
(A) 0 (B) 4 (C) 5 (D) 6

.
Section (E) : Continuity in an interval, Continuity of composite functions, IMVT
 (1  px)  (1  px)

S
 x , 1  x  0
E-1. f (x) =  is continuous in the interval [  1, 1 ], then ' p' is equal to:
2x  1 , 0  x 1

.

 x2
(A)  1 (B)  1/2 (C) 1/2 (D) 1

R
 1
E-2. Let f(x) =  x  2  [ x ] , when – 2  x  2. where [ . ] represents greatest integer function. Then
 
(A) f(x) is continuous at x = 2 (B) f(x) is continuous at x = 1
(C) f(x) is continuous at x = – 1 (D) f(x) is discontinuous at x = 0
E-3. Let f(x) = Sgn(x) and g(x) = x (x 2 – 5x + 6). The function f(g(x)) is discontinuous at
(A) infinitely many points (B) exactly one point
(C) exactly three points (D) no point
1 1
E-4. If y = where t =
, then the number of points of discontinuities of y = f(x), x  R is
t2  t  2 x 1
(A) 1 (B) 2 (C) 3 (D) infinite
E-5. The equation 2 tan x + 5x – 2 = 0 has
(A) no solution in [0, /4] (B) at least one real solution in [0, /4]
(C) two real solution in [0, /4] (D) None of these

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Er. Raghvendra Shukla Limit, Continuity and Differentiability
Section (F) : Derivability at a point
F-1. If f(x) = x  
x  x  1 , then indicate the correct alternative(s):
(A) f(x) is continuous but not differentiable at x = 0
(B) f(x) is differentiable at x = 0
(C) f(x) is not differentiable at x = 0
(D) none

 x(3e1/ x  4)
 , x0
F-2. If f(x) =  2  e1/ x , then f(x) is
0 , x0

(A) continuous as well differentiable at x = 0

e
(B) continuous but not differentiable at x = 0

t
(C) neither differentiable at x = 0 nor continuous at x = 0
(D) none of these
x

u
F-3. If f(x) = be a real valued function, then
x 1  x

ti
(A) f(x) is continuous, but f(0) does not exist (B) f(x) is differentiable at x = 0
(C) f(x) is not continuous at x = 0 (D) f(x) is not differentiable at x = 0
F-4. The function f(x) = sin1 (cos x) is:

t
(A) discontinuous at x = 0 (B) continuous at x = 0
(C) differentiable at x = 0 (D) none of these

s
x  { x }  xsin{ x } for x  0
F-5. If f(x) =  , where { . } denotes the fractional part function, then:
 0 for x  0

n
(A) f is continuous & differentiable at x = 0 (B) f is continuous but not differentiable at x = 0
(C) f is continuous & differentiable at x = 2 (D) none of these.

F-6.



Given f(x) = 


loga a [ x]  [x]

. 
 
x a




 3a
x

1
x




I
  [ x ]2[ x ]  5 


 for x  0; a  1



S
  
 0 forx  0

R .
where [.] represents the integral part function, then:
(A) f is continuous but not differentiable at x = 0
(B) f is continuous & differentiable at x = 0
(C) the differentiability of 'f' at x = 0 depends on the value of a
(D) f is continuous & differentiable at x = 0 and for a = e only.

 x2  1
 , 0x2
 x2  1
 1 (x 3  x 2 ) , 2x3
F-7. If f (x) =  , then:
4

9  x4  2x  , 3x 4
4


(A) f (x) is differentiable at x = 2 & x = 3 (B) f (x) is non-differentiable at x = 2 & x = 3

(C) f (x) is differentiable at x = 3 but not at x = 2 (D) f (x) is differentiable at x = 2 but not at x = 3.

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Er. Raghvendra Shukla Limit, Continuity and Differentiability
Section (G) : Derivability in an interval
x
G-1. The set of all points where the function f(x) = 1  | x | is differentiable is:

(A) (  ) (B) [ 0, ) (C) ( , 0)  (0, ) (D) (0, )

G-2. If f (x) is differentiable everywhere, then:
2
(A) f  is differentiable everywhere (B) f is differentiable everywhere

(C) f f  is not differentiable at some point (D) f + f  is differentiable everywhere

G-3. Let f (x) be defined in [  2 , 2] by



f (x) = 
max

min
 4  x2 ,


 4  x2 ,

1  x 2  ,  2  x  0

2

1 x  , 0  x  2
, then f (x) :

t e
u
  

ti
(A) is continuous at all points
(B) is not continuous at more than one point .

t
(C) is not differentiable only at one point
(D) is not differentiable at more than one point
G-4. The number of points at which the function f(x) = max. {a  x, a + x, b},   < x < , 0 < a < b cannot be

s
differentiable is:
(A) 1 (B) 2 (C) 3 (D) none of these

G-5. Let f(x) = x – x 2 and g(x) = 

(A)
 sin x , x  1

I n
 max f ( t ), 0  t  x, 0  x  1

g(x) is everywhere continuous except at two points

, then in the interval [0, )

.
(B) g(x) is everywhere differentiable except at two points
(C) g(x) is everywhere differentiable except at x = 1

S
(D) none of these
G-6. Consider the following statements :

S1 :

S2 :

R

.
Number of points where f(x) = | x sgn (1 – x 2) | is non-differentiable is 3.


a sin 2 ( x  1) , x  0
Defined f(x) =  tan x  sin x

 x3
, x  0
, In order that f(x) be continuous at x = 0, 'a' should be

1
equal to
2

S3 : The set of all points, where the function 3

x 2 | x | is differentiable is (–, 0)  (0, )

1
S4 : Number of points where f(x) = is non-differentiable in the interval (0, 3) is 3.
sin–1(sin x)
State, in order, whether S1, S2, S3, S4 are true or false
(A) TTTF (B) TTTT (C) FTTF (D) TFTT
G-7. Consider the following statements :
sin ( [ x  ])
S1 : Let f(x) = , where [ . ] stands for the greatest integer function. Then f(x) is
1  [x]2
discontinuous at x = n + , n 

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Er. Raghvendra Shukla Limit, Continuity and Differentiability
S2 : The function f(x) = p[x + 1] + q [x – 1], (where [.] denotes the greatest integer function) is
continuous at x = 1 if p + q = 0
S3 : Let f(x) = |[x] x| for – 1  x  2, where [.] is greatest integer function, then f is not differentiable
at x = 2.
S4 : If f(x) takes only rational values for all real x and is continuous, then f(10) = 10.
State, in order, whether S1, S2, S3, S4 are true or false
(A) FTTT (B) TTTF (C) FTTF (D) FFTF

Section (H) : Functional Equations and Miscellaneous

f (2h  2  h2 )  f (2)
H-1. Given that f(2) = 6 and f(1) = 4, then hlim
0
=
f (h  h2  1)  f (1)

e
(A) does not exist (B) is equal to –3/2 (C) is equal to 3/2 (D) is equal to 3

t
10
H-2. If f(x + y) = f(x) . f(y),  x & y  N and f(1) = 2, then the value of  f (n)
n 1
is

u
(A) 2036 (B) 2046 (C) 2056 (D) 2066
H-3. If f(1) = 1 and f(n + 1) = 2f(n) + 1 if n  1, then f(n) is equal to

ti
(A) 2n + 1 (B) 2n (C) 2n – 1 (D) 2n–1 – 1
1
H-4.  
If y = f(x) satisfies the condition f x  x1 = x 2 + (x  0), then f(x) is equal to

t
x2
(A)  x 2  2 (B)  x 2  2

s
2
(C) x – 2, x  R – {0} (D) x 2  2, |x|  [2, )
H-5. A function f : R  R satisfies the condition x f(x) + f(1  x) = 2x  x 4. Then f(x) is:
2

(A) – x 2 – 1 (B) – x 2 + 1 (C) x 2  1 (D) – x 4  1

n
H-6. If f: R  R be a differentiable function, such that f(x + 2y) = f(x) + f(2y) + 4xy  x, y  R. then
(A) f(1) = f(0) + 1 (B) f(1) = f(0) – 1 (C) f(0) = f(1) + 2 (D) f(0) = f(1) – 2

EXERCISE – 3
ONLY ONE OPTION CORRECT TYPE
 x 

. I BRAIN TEASERS

S
1. im sec–1   is equal to
x   x  1

2.
(A) 0

im 
xa  a


| x|

(A) a2 1
3

R
x
3
. (B)  (C)

2
(D) does not exist

    (a < 0), where [x] denotes the greatest integer less than or equal to x, is equal to
 a  
(B) – a2 – 1 (C) a2 (D) – a2
x x x x x
3. im cos cos 2 cos 3 cos 4 ....... cos n is equal to
n
2 2 2 2 2
sin x x
(A) 1 (B)  1 (C) (D)
x sin x
 n sin    n tan   
4. im    
0  
       , where [.] represents greatest integer function and n N, is equal to
(A) 2n (B) 2n + 1 (C) 2n – 1 (D) does not exist
 1
x 2 sin 
im x
5. x is equal to
9x 2  x  1

1 1
(A) (B) – (C) 0 (D) does not exist
3 3
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Er. Raghvendra Shukla Limit, Continuity and Differentiability
1

6.
2

im 1  ax  bx  c x   is equal to
If  and  be the roots of equation ax 2 + bx + c = 0, then x

a (   ) a|  |
(A) a () (B) n |a (| (C) e (D) e

 1 1 
x  xn  e x   3 x n  e x 
e 2
    
7. im   , n  N, is equal to
x  n
x

2 3
(A) 0 (B) n   (C) n   (D) none of these
3 2

8.


im  im
y 0  x  

ay

y


 by   
exp x n 1  x    exp x n 1  x   
   
 is equal to

t e
u
 
 
 

9.
(A) a + b (B) a  b

im 
The graph of the function f(x) = t
2x
0  
x
cot 1 2  is
t 
(C) b  a

t ti (D)  (a + b)

(A) (B)

n
(C)
s (D)

10.

. I
Let [x] denote the integral part of x  R and g(x) = x  [x]. Let f(x) be any continuous function with
f(0) = f(1), then the function h(x) = f(g(x)) :
(A) has finitely many discontinuities (B) is continuous on R

S
(C) is discontinuous at some x = c (D) is a constant function.

.

log( 4 x 3 ) x 2  2x  5  , if 3
4
 x  1or x  1
11. The function f(x) is defined by f(x) = 
 4 , if x  1

R
(A) is continuous at x = 1
(B) is discontinuous at x = 1 since f(1 +) does not exist though f(1) exists
(C) is discontinuous at x = 1 since f(1 ) does not exist though f(1+) exists
(D) is discontinuous since neither f(1) nor f(1+) exists.

x 2 if x is irrational
12. Let f(x) =  , then:
1 if x is rational
(A) f(x) is discontinuous for all x
(B) discontinuous for all x except at x = 0
(C) discontinuous for all x except at x = 1 or  1
(D) none of these
13. A point (x, y), where function f(x) = [sin [x]] in (0, 2) is not continuous, is ([.] denotes greatest
integer  x).
(A) (3, 0) (B) (2, 0) (C) (1, 0) (D) (4, –1)

 (1  sin x ) t  1
14. lim
The function f defined by f(x) = t   .   is
 (1  sin x )t  1

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Er. Raghvendra Shukla Limit, Continuity and Differentiability
(A) everywhere continuous (B) discontinuous at all integer values of x
(C) continuous at x = 0 (D) none of these

  1
 x 1  x sin  , x0
  x
  1
15. If f(x) =    x 1  x sin  , x  0 , then f(x) is
  x
0 , x0



(A) continuous as well as diff. at x = 0 (B) continuous at x = 0, but not diff. at = 0

(C) neither continuous at x = 0 nor diff. at x = 0 (D) none of these

e
16. The functions defined by f(x) = max {x 2, (x  1)2, 2x (1  x)}, 0  x  1
(A) is differentiable for all x

t
(B) is differentiable for all x except at one point
(C) is differentiable for all x except at two points
(D) is not differentiable at more than two points.

u
17. For what triplets of real numbers (a, b, c) with a 0 the function

ti
x , x 1
f(x) =  2 is differentiable for all real x?
ax  bx  c , otherwise

t
(A) {(a, 12a, a)  a  R, a 0 } (B) {(a, 12a, c)  a, c  R, a 0 }
(C) {(a, b, c)  a, b, c  R, a + b + c =1 } (D) {(a, 12a, 0)  a  R, a 0}

s
18. [x] denotes the greatest integer less than or equal to x. If f(x) = [x] [sin x] in (1,1), then f(x) is:
(A) continuous at x = 0 (B) continuous in (1, 0)
(C) differentiable in (1,1) (D) none

n
19. Let f(x) = [n + p sin x], x  (0, ), n  Z, p is a prime number and [x] is greatest integer less than or equal to

I
x. The number of points at which f(x) is not differentiable is
(A) p (B) p – 1 (C) 2p + 1 (D) 2p – 1

.
1
20. Let f : R  R be any function and g (x) = Then g is
f(x) .
(A) onto if f is onto (B) one-one if f is one-one

S
(C) continuous if f is continuous (D) differentiable if f is differentiable

.
maxf( t ) for 0  t  x for 0  x  1
21. Let f(x) = x  x + x + 1 and g(x) = 
3 2
, then:
 3  x x 2 for 1  x  2

R
(A) g(x) is continuous & derivable at x = 1
(B) g(x) is continuous but not derivable at x = 1
(C) g(x) is neither continuous nor derivable at x = 1
(D) g(x) is derivable but not continuous at x = 1

xy f ( x )  f ( y)
22. Let f : R  R be a function such that f   = , f(0) = 0 and f(0) = 3, then
 3  3
f(x)
(A) is differentiable in R
x
(B) f(x) is continuous but not differentiable in R
(C) f(x) is continuous in R
(D) f(x) is bounded in R

xy 4  2( f ( x )  f ( y ))
23. If a differentiable function f satisfies f   =  x, y  R, then f(x) is equal to
 3  3

1 2 8 4
(A) (B) (C) (D)
7 7 7 7

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Er. Raghvendra Shukla Limit, Continuity and Differentiability
sin x – (sin x )sin x
24. The value of im is
x 1 – sin x  n sin x
2
(A) 1 (B) 2 (C) 3 (D) /2

EXERCISE – 4 CRACK IIT-JEE ADVANCED

ONE OR MORE THAN ONE OPTIONS IS/ARE CORRECT
x 2  9 x  20
1. Let f(x) = (where [x] denotes greatest integer less than or equal to x), then
x  [x ]

(A) im f(x) = 0 (B) x5

im f(x) = 1

e
x 5

(C) x im

t
5 f(x) does not exist (D) none of these

u
cos 2  cos 2 x
2. If f(x) = 2 , then
x |x|

(A) xim
1

(C) xim
1
f(x) = 2 sin 2

f(x) = 2 cos 2

If  = x im
x(1  a cos x )  b sin x
= x im
1 a cos x
(B) xim
1

(D) xim
1
f(x) = 2 sin 2

t
f(x) = 2 cos 2

b sin x
ti
s
3. 3 2 – x im , where   R, then
0
x 0
x 0
x3
(A) (a, b) = (–1, 0) (B) a & b are any real numbers

n
1
(C)  = 0 (D)  =

I
2
|x|
4. Let f(x) = , then

.
sinx
(A) f(– ) =  1

(B) f(–) = 1

(C) xim (D) x 

S
im f(x) does not exist
  f(x) does not exist 

5.

(A) 1
 2x
Let f(x) = 
1
a
, 0  x 1
 ax, 1  x  2


INTEGER TYPE QUESTIONS

R .
, if xim
1
f(x) exists, then value of a is :

(B) – 1 (C) 2 (D) – 2

 3f ( x )  1 
6. If xim f(x) exists and is finite and nonzero and im  f ( x ) 

 = 3, then the value of im f(x) is equal
 x   f 2 ( x)  x 
to

 x 1 , x 1  x 1 , x0
7. If f(x) =  2 , g(x) =  2 and h(x) = |x|,
2x  2 , x  1  x  1 , x  0

then x 
im f(g(h(x))) is equal to
0

 1 1 1 1 
8. im     .......... ...  
n  n2 2 2 2  is equal to
n 1 n 2 n  2n 

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Er. Raghvendra Shukla Limit, Continuity and Differentiability
im x3
9. If x 0 = 1, then the value of (a + b) where a > 0, is
a  x (bx  sin x )

MATRIX MATCHING TYPE QUESTION

10. Match the column
Column I Column II
(A) x|x| (p) continuous in (– 1, 1)
(B) |x| (q) differentiable in (– 1, 1)
(C) x + [x] (r) strictly increasing in (– 1, 1)
(D) |x–1|+|x+1| (s) not differentiable at least at one point in (– 1, 1)
area is 78. Then the length is

Section (A)
ANSWER KEY
Exercise – 1

t e
A-1.

A-2.
(i) Limit does not exist

(i) 2 + sin 2 (ii) tan 3 – 23

(ii) 3 (iii) 3

(iii)
3
4
cos
3
4
(iv) 3 v) 3

(iv)

ti
55
u (v)
e
sin 1

A-3.
A-4.
A-6.
(i) 0
(i) Limit does not exist
(i) No
(ii) Limit does not exist

(ii) No
(ii)  = –2
(iii) Yes, 0 form
(iii)
A-5. 6

t
Limit does not exist

s (iv) No
(iv) 0

SECTION (B)

B-1. (i) –
3
(ii)
12
(iii)
2

I n
.
2 19 3 3

16 1
B-2. (i) (ii) 2 (iii) (iv) 2a sina + a2 cos a (v) (b – a)

S
25 3

.
3
3 5 1
(vi) 2e2 (vii)
n3
(viii)
2
a  22 (ix)
2
(x) 5

R
9 4 1
(xi) limit does not exist. (xii)  n B-3. (i) (ii) 1 (iii)  (iv) 
4 e 2 
2 1
B-4. (i) 0 (ii) 0 (iii) 5/2 B-5. (i) – (ii)
25 3
1
B-6 a = 2, b = 1, c = –1 and limit = –
3
1 1
B-7. (i) a =  ,b=1 (ii) a = 2, b  R, c = 5, d  R (iii) a = 3, b = 12, c = 9 B-8.
2 2

SECTION (C)
2

–1 
C-1 (i) 1 (ii) 1 (iii) 0 (iv) 0 C-2. (i) e (ii) 0 (iii) e (iv) e2
C-3 a + b = 0 and bc = 3 C-4. (i) 1 (ii) 1
x
C-5. C-6. {–1, 0, 1}
3

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Er. Raghvendra Shukla Limit, Continuity and Differentiability
Section (D)
3 1 1
D-1. a= , b  0, c = D-2. a= ,b=4
2 2 2
D-3. (i) continuous at x = 1 (ii) continuous (iii) discontinuous (iv) continuous at x = 1, 2
D-4. (a) 2, 2, 3 (b) K = 5 (c) even D-5. A =  4, B = 5, f(0) = 1
Section (E)
E-1. (i) x  R – {2, 3} (ii) x  R – {– 1, 1} (iii) x  R (iv) x  R – {(2n + 1), n }
 
E-2. discontinuous at all integral values in [ 2, 2] E-3. discontinuous at n ±
, (2n + 1) , n
4 2
E-4. g(x) = 2 + x ; 0  x  1, = 2  x ; 1 < x  2, = 4  x ; 2 < x  3, g is discontinuous at x = 1 & x = 2

e
7
E-5. – , – 2, 0
3
Section (F)
F-1.
F-5.
not differentiable at x = 0
a = 1/2, b = 3/2
Section (G)
F-4. continuous at both points but differentiable only at x = 2

u t
F-6. continuous but not differentiable at x = 0; differentiable & continuous at x = /2

ti
G-1. f is not derivable at all integral values in 1 < x  3
G-2. f is continuous but not deriv able at x = 1/2, f is neither dif ferentiable nor continuous at x = 1
&x=2
G-3._

H-1.
discontinuous and non-differentiable at –1, 0, 1, 3, 4
Section (H)
56 H-2. –2 H-3. f(x) = exf(0)  x  R

s t
G-4. Differentiable in [–2, 2]

H–4. –3 H-7. Period 2 a

n
Exercise – 2

I
Section (A)
A-1. (D) A-2. (A)
SECTION (B)
B-1.
B-7.
B-13.
(C)
(B)
(A)
SECTION (C)
B-2.
B-8.
B-14.
(B)
(D)
(D)

S. B-3.
B-9.
B-15.
(D)
(C)
(A)
B-4.
B-10.
B-16.
(D)
(C)
(C)
B-5.
B-11.
B-17.
(B)
(B)
(B)
B-6.
B-12.
(C)
(C)

.
C-1. (A) C-2. (A) C-3. (B) C-4. (C) C-5. (A) C-6. (C)
C-7. (D)
Section (D)

R
D-1. (A)
Section (E)
E-1. (B) E-2. (D) E-3. (C) E-4. (C) E-5. (B)
Section (F)
F-1. (B) F-2. (B) F-3. (B) F-4. (B) F-5. (D) F-6. (B) F-7. (B)
Section (G)
G-1. (A) G-2. (B) G-3. (D) G-4. (B) G-5. (C) G-6. (A) G-7. (C)
Section (H)
H-1. (D) H-2. (B) H-3. (C) H-4. (D) H-5. (B) H-6. (D)
Exercise – 3
1. (D) 2. (B) 3. (C) 4. (C) 5. (B) 6. (C) 7. (B) 8. (B)
9. (C) 10. (B) 11. (D) 12. (C) 13. (D) 14. (B) 15. (B) 16. (C)
17. (A) 18. (B) 19. (D) 20. (B) 21. (C) 22. (C) 23. (D) 24.(B)
Exercise – 4
1. (ABC) 2. (AB) 3. (AD) 4. (ABCD) 5. (BC)
6. 1 7. 0 8. 2 9. 37
10. (A)  p, q, r, (B)  p, s, (C)  r, s, (D)  p, q

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