EXERCISE–I

ln cos x
if x  0
 4
1  x2  1
Q 1. Let f(x) =

 e sin 4 x  1
if x  0
ln(1  tan 2 x)
Is it possible to define f(0) to make the function continuous at x = 0. If yes what is the value of f(0), if not
then indicate the nature of discontinuity.
 f (x )
 , x3
Q 2. Suppose that f(x) = x3 - 3x2 - 4x + 12 and h(x) = x3 then

 K , x3
(a) find all zeros of f (x)
(b) find the value of K that makes h continuous at x = 3
(c) using the value of K found in (b), determine whether h is an even function.
x2 x2 x2
Q 3. Let yn(x) = x2 +   ............
1  x 2 (1  x 2 )2 (1  x 2 ) n 1
and y(x) = Limit
n n
y (x )
Discuss the continuity of yn(x) (n = 1, 2, 3..........n) and y(x) at x = 0
Q 4. Draw the graph of the function f(x) = x x  x², 1  x  1 & discuss the continuity or discontinuity of
f in the interval 1  x  1.
 1 sin  x
 1 cos 2  x , x  12
Q 5. Let f(x) =  p , x  12 . Determine the value of p , if possible, so that the function is
2x  1
 , x  12
 4  2 x  1 2

continuous at x = 1/2.
Q 6. Given the function g (x) = 6  2 x and h (x) = 2x2 – 3x + a. Then


g ( x ), x 1
(a) evaluate h ( g(2) ) (b) If f (x) =  , find 'a' so that f is continuous.
 h ( x ), x 1
1  x , 0  x  2
Q 7. Let f(x) =  . Determine the form of g(x) = f [f(x)] & hence find the point of
3  x , 2  x  3
discontinuity of g , if any.
Q 8. Let [x] denote the greatest integer function & f(x) be defined in a neighbourhood of 2 by
[ x 1]

 exp {( x  2) n4}
4 16
, x 2
f (x) =  4x 16 .
 1cos( x 2)
 A ( x 2) tan ( x 2) , x 2

Find the values of A & f(2) in order that f(x) may be continuous at x = 2.
  6 tan
 5
6x
tan 5 x
if 0  x  2
Q 9. The function f(x) =  b  2 if x  2
  a 
 
tan x
 1  cos x  b 
if 
x
 2

Determine the values of 'a' & 'b' , if f is continuous at x = /2.

1
x 2 sin , if x  0
Q.10 Let f (x) =  x

0 if x  0
Use squeeze play theorem to prove that f is continuous at x = 0.

Q.11 Let f (x) = x + 2, –4x0

= 2 – x 2, 0<x4
then find f  f (x)  , domain of f  f (x)  and also comment upon the continuity of f  f ( x )  .

1  x 3 , x  0 x  11/ 3 , x  0

Q 12. Let f(x) =  ; g(x) =  . Discuss the continuity of g (f (x)).
x  1
1/ 2
x 2  1 , x  0 , x0

 1 sin 3 x if x  2
  3 cos2 x
Q.13 Determine a & b so that f is continuous at x = . f(x) =  a if x  2
2  b (1 sin x )
    2 x  2 if x  2

 sin( a 1) x  sin x

 x
for x  0
Q.14 
Determine the values of a, b & c for which the function f (x) =  c for x  0
 x bx   x
1/ 2
2 1/ 2

 bx 3/ 2 for x  0

is continuous at x = 0.

Q.15 If f(x) = sin 3 x  A sin 2 x  B sin x (x 0) is cont. at x = 0. Find A & B. Also find f(0).
x5
Do not use series expansion or L' Hospital's rule.
 1 for 0  x  2
 x 1
Q.16 Discuss the continuity of the function ‘f’ defined as follows : f(x) =  x 3 1 for 2  x  4 and draw the
 x 1
 x  5 for 4  x  6

graph of the function for x  [0, 6]. Also indicate the nature of discontinuities if any.

Q.17 If f(x) = x + {-x} + [x] , where [x] is the integral part & {x} is the fractional part of x. Discuss the
continuity of f in [ -2 , 2 ].
 ax  b for x 1
Q.18 Find the locus of (a, b) for which the function f (x) =  3x for 1  x  2
 2
bx  a for x2
is continuous at x = 1 but discontinuous at x = 2.

Q.19 Prove that the inverse of the discontinuous function y = (1 + x2) sgn x is a continuous function.
 x n f (x )  h(x)  1 sin 2 (·2 x )
Q.20 Let g (x) = Lim
n  2 x n  3x  3
, x  1 and g (1) = Lim

x 1 ln sec( ·2 x ) 
be a continuous function

at x = 1, find the value of 4 g (1) + 2 f (1) – h (1). Assume that f (x) and h (x) are continuous at x = 1.
Q.21 If g : [a, b] onto [a, b] is continous show that there is some c  [a, b] such that g (c) = c.
 2  cos x 3 
Q.22 The function f(x) =  3   is not defined at x = 0. How should the function be defined at
 x sin x x 4 
x = 0 to make it continuous at x = 0. Use of expansion of trigonometric functions and L Hospital’s rule
is not allowed.
a sin x  a tan x
Q.23 f (x) = for x > 0
tan x  sin x

ln (1  x  x 2 )  ln (1  x  x 2 )
= for x < 0, if f is continuous at x = 0, find 'a'
sec x  cos x
 x
now if g (x) = ln  2   · cot (x – a) for x  a, a  0, a > 0. If g is continuous at x = a then show that
 a
g(e–1) = – e.
Q.24
(a) Let f(x + y) = f(x) + f(y) for all x , y & if the function f(x) is continuous at x = 0 , then show that f(x) is
continuous at all x.
(b) If f(x. y) = f(x). f(y) for all x , y and f(x) is continuous at x = 1. Prove that f(x) is continuous for all x except
at x = 0. Given f(1)  0.
n
 x 
Q.25 Given f (x) =  tan  x
 sec  r  1  ; r , n  N
2 
r1 2 
r

      
n
 n f (x)  tan xn  f (x)  tan xn . sin tan x
Limit 2 2 2
g (x) = n  
 
n
1  f (x)  tan xn
2

= k for x = and the domain of g (x) is (0 , /2).
4
where [ ] denotes the greatest integer function.
Find the value of k, if possible, so that g (x) is continuous at x = /4. Also state the points of discontinuity
of g (x) in (0 , /4) , if any.
f (x )
Q.26 Let f (x) = x3 – x2 – 3x – 1 and h (x) = where h is a function such that
g( x )
1
(a) it is continuous every where except when x = – 1, (b) Lim h ( x )   and (c) Lim h ( x )  .
x  x 1 2
Find Lim 3h ( x )  f ( x )  2g ( x ) 
x 0

Q.27 Let f be continuous on the interval [0, 1] to R such that f (0) = f (1). Prove that there exists a point c in
 1  1
0,  such that f (c) = f  c  
 2  2
  1  ax  xax na
 for x  0
 a x x2
Q.28 Consider the function g(x) = x x where a > 0.
2 a  xn2  x na  1
 for x  0
 x2
Without using , L 'Hospital's rule or power series , find the value of 'a' & 'g(0)' so that the function g(x) is
continuous at x = 0.

 
   sin 1 1  {x}2 . sin 1 1  {x}
 2 
for x  0
Q.29 
Let f(x) =  2 {x}  {x}3
 where {x} is the fractional part of x.
 for x  0
 2
Consider another function g(x) ; such that
g(x) = f(x) for x  0
= 2 2 f(x) for x < 0
Discuss the continuity of the functions f(x) & g(x) at x = 0.

 4 x  5 [x] for x  1
Q.30 Discuss the continuity of f in [0,2] where f(x) =  ; where [x] is the greatest
 cos  x for x  1
integer not greater than x. Also draw the graph.
EXERCISE–II
(OBJECTIVE QUESTIONS)
Q 1. State whether True or False.
tan   4  x  
(a). If f(x) = for x  , then the value which can be given to f(x) at x  so that the function
cot 2x 4 4
becomes continuous every where in (0,/2) is 1/4.
1
(b) The function f, defined by f(x) = is continuous for real x.
1  2 tan x
1
(c) f(x) = Limit is continuous at x = 1.
n  1  n sin 2  x

2 x  1 if 3  x   2
(d) The function f(x) =  x  1 if 2  x  0 is continuous everywhere in (3 , 1).
 x  2 if 0  x 1

x
(e) The function defined by f(x)= for x  0 & f(0) = 1 is continuous at x = 0.
x  2x 2

 21 /(1 x )
(f) The function f(x) = 2 if x  1 & f(1) = 1 is not continuous at x = 1.
(g) The function f(x) = 2x (x 3  1)  5 x (1  x 4 )  7x 2 (x  1)  3x  2 is continuous at x = 1.
(h) There exists a continuous function f: [0, 1]  [0, 10], but
there exists no continuous function g : [0, 1]  (0, 10).
Q 2. Fill in the blanks
 1  cos( cx ) 1
(a) Given f(x) = , x  0 & f (0) = . If f is continuous at x = 0, then the value of c is ______.
xsin x 2
1
(b). The function f(x) = has non removable discontinuity at x = ______ & removable discontinuity at x
1n x
= ______ respectively.
 1 
(c). If f(x) is continuous in [0 , 1] & f(x) = 1 for all rational numbers in [0 , 1] then f   = ______.
 2

 x  a 2 sin x , 0x 
 4
(d). The values of 'a' & 'b' so that the function f (x) = 2 x cot x  b ,  x 
4 2
a cos 2 x  b sin x ,   x  
 2
is continuous for 0  x  are _______ & _______.

2 cos x  1   
(e). If f(x)= is continuous at x = then f   = ______.
cot x  1 4  4

Q3. Indicate the correct alternative(s):

cos  x  x 2 n sin (x  1)
(a) The function defined as f(x) = Limit
n
1  x 2 n 1  x 2 n
(A) is discontinuous at x = 1 because f(1+)  f(1)
(B) is discontinuous at x = 1 because f(1) is not defined
(C) is discontinuous at x = 1 because f(1+) = f(1)  f(1)
(D) is continuous at x = 1

  n2
2
(b) Let ‘f’ be a continuous function on R. If f (1/4n) = sin e n e  n  then f(0) is :
n2  1
(A) not unique (B) 1
(C) data sufficient to find f(0) (D) data insufficient to find f(0)
x
(c) Indicate all correct alternatives if, f (x) =  1 , then on the interval [ 0, ]
2
1 1
(A) tan ( f (x) ) & are both continuous (B) tan ( f (x) ) & are both discontinuous
f (x ) f (x )
1
(C) tan ( f (x) ) & f 1 (x) are both continuous (D) tan ( f (x) ) is continuous but is not
f (x )
(d) ’f’ is a continuous function on the real line. Given that
x² + (f(x)  2) x  3 . f(x) + 2 3  3 = 0. Then the value of f( 3 )
(A) can not be determined (B) is 2 (1  3 )
 (C) is zero (D) is
2  32 
3
(e) If f (x) = sgn (cos 2 x  2 sin x + 3) , where sgn ( ) is the signum function , then f (x)
(A) is continuous over its domain (B) has a missing point discontinuity
(C) has isolated point discontinuity (D) has irremovable discontinuity.
[x]
(f) Let g(x) = tan–1|x| – cot–1|x|, f(x) = {x}, h(x) = g(f (x)) where {x} denotes fractional part and
[x  1]
[x] denotes the integral part then which of the following holds good?
(A) h is continuous at x = 0 (B) h is discontinuous at x = 0
 
(C) h(0–) = (D) h(0+) = –
2 2
x  sin x
n n
(g) Consider f(x) = Lim it n for x > 0, x  1
n   x  sin x n
f(1) = 0
then
(A) f is continuous at x = 1
(B) f has a finite discontinuity at x = 1
(C) f has an infinite or oscillatory discontinuity at x = 1.
(D) f has a removable type of discontinuity at x = 1.

(h) Given f(x) =

| x| e x  {x}
x2

for x  0
 12 
 e x  1 sgn (sin x)
 
 
=0 for x = 0

where {x} is the fractional part function; [x] is the step up function and sgn(x) is the signum function of x
then, f(x)
(A) is continuous at x = 0 (B) is discontinuous at x = 0
(C) has a removable discontinuity at x = 0 (D) has an irremovable discontinuity at x = 0

x[x]2 log (1x ) 2 for  1  x  0

(i) Consider f(x) =



  2
ln e x  2 x 
for 0  x  1
tan x
where [ * ] & {*} are the greatest integer function & fractional part function respectively, then
(A) f(0) = ln2  f is continuous at x = 0 (B) f(0) = 2  f is continuous at x = 0
(C) f(0) = e  f is continuous at x = 0
2 (D) f has an irremovable discontinuity at x = 0
1 x  1 x
(j) Consider f(x) = x0
{x}


g(x) = cos2x – <x<0
4
 1
f (g(x)) for x  0
2
h(x)– 1 for x  0
f (x) forx  0
then, which of the following holds good.
where {x} denotes fractional part function.
(A) 'h' is continuous at x = 0 (B) 'h' is discontinuous at x = 0
(C) f(g(x)) is an even function (D) f(x) is an even function

2x  1
(k) The function f(x) = [x]. cos  , where [•] denotes the greatest integer function, is discontinuous at
2
(A) all x (B) all integer points
(C) no x (D) x which is not an integer
 CONTINUITY
EXERCISE–I
Q1. f(0+) = –2 ; f(0–) = 2 hence f(0) not possible to define
Q 2. (a) 2, 2, 3 (b) K = 5 (c) even
Q 3. yn(x) is continuous at x = 0 for all n and y(x) is dicontinuous at x = 0
Q 4. f is cont. in 1  x  1 Q 5. P not possible.
Q 6. (a) 4 – 3 2  a , (b) a = 3
Q 7. g(x) = 2 + x for 0  x  1, 2  x for 1 < x  2, 4  x for 2 < x  3 ,
g is discontinuous at x = 1 & x = 2
Q 8. A = 1 ; f(2) = 1/2 Q 9. a = 0 ; b = 1
Q.11 f  f ( x )  is continuous and domain of f  f ( x )  is [– 4, 6 ]
Q 12. gof is dis-cont. at x = 0, 1 & -1
Q 13. a = 1/2, b = 4 Q14. a =  3/2, b  0, c = 1/2
Q 15. A =  4 , B = 5, f(0) = 1 Q 16. discontinuous at x = 1, 4 & 5
Q 17. discontinuous at all integral values in [ 2 , 2]
Q 18. locus (a, b)  x, y is y = x – 3 excluding the points where y = 3 intersects it.
1
Q 20. 5 Q22.
60
 n (tan x) if 0  x  
Q 25. k = 0 ; g (x) =  4 . Hence g (x) is continuous everywhere.
 0 if   x  
4 2

39
Q 26. g (x) = 4 (x + 1) and limit = –
4

Q 28. a =
1
, g(0) =
 n 2 2
2 8
 
Q 29. f(0+) = ; f(0) =  f is discont. at x = 0 ;
2 4 2
g(0+) = g(0) = g(0) = /2  g is cont. at x = 0
Q 30. the function f is continuous everywhere in [0 , 2] except for x = 0 , 1 , 1 & 2.
2
EXERCISE–II
Q 1. (a) false; (b) false ; (c) false ; (d) false ; (e) false ; (f) true ; (g) false ; (h) true
 
Q 2. (a) c = ±1 ; (b). x ± 1,  1 & x = 0 ; (c). 1 ; (d). a = , b= (e). 1/2
6 12
Q 3. (a) D (b). B, C (c). C, D (d). B (e). C (f). A (g). B (h) A (i) D (j) A (k) C