HISTORY OF VOLLEYBALL

Volleyball was introduced by William G. Morgan in the year 1895 in Holyoke,

Massachusetts, USA
 WIlliam decided to blend Basketball, Baseball, Tennis, and Handball to create a game
for his classes of businessmen for less physical contact.
 He borrowed the net of tennis and raised it 6 feet 6 inches.
 During the game, Alfred T. Halstead remarked that the players seem to be volleying
the ball back and forth over the net, and from then on the game is called volleyball.
 The first name of volleyball was “MINTONETTE”

July 7, 1896 – Volleyball was first played at Springfield College.

1900 – A special ball was designed for volleyball and point system was adopted
1908 – Volleyball was brought to Japan. (Dowori)
1910 – Mr. Elwood S. Brown introduced volleyball to the Philippines.
1913 – First Pan Asian games held with 16 man volleyball system, participation of China and
the Philippines
1916 – An offensive style of passing the ball in a high trajectory to be struck by a player (the
set and spike) was introduced to the Philippines. The Filipinos developed the BOMBA or
KILL, the hitter is called as the BOMBERINO.
o In the same year, NCAA was invited by the YMCA to aid in editing the rules and in
promoting the sport. Volleyball was then added to school and college PE and
intramurals.
1920 – 3 hits per side and back row attack rules were instituted.
1922 – 1st YMCA national championship were held at Brooklyn, NY
- Volleyball was proposed as an Olympic sport.
1930 – First two-man beach game was played.
1947 – Federation International de Volleyball (FIVB) was founded in Paris
Late 1940’s – forearm pass was introduced
1939 – 1944 – Second world war interrupts the development of volleyball. Recreational
volleyball brought to many countries by Allied Forces.
1957 – After a successful exhibition tournament in Sofia, Bulgaria volleyball was
acknowledged as an Olympic sport.
1964 – The first Olympic Volleyball Tournament was held in Tokyo.
1958 – Japan introduces the 6 man system.
 VOLLEYBALL is a team sports played by two teams with six players each on a playing
court divided by a net.
 The OBJECT OF THE GAME is to send the ball over the net in order to ground it on the
opponent’s court, and to prevent the same effort by the opponent.
 The team is allowed THREE HITS in returning the ball (in addition to the block contact).
 The ball is PUT IN PLAY with a SERVICE hit by the server over the net to the opponent’s
court.
 Rally continues until the ball is
o GROUNDED,
o GOES “OUT”
o OR A TEAM FAILS TO RETURN IT PROPERLY.
 The ball is OUT OF PLAY at the moment of a fault, which is whistled by one of the
referees.
 In volleyball, the team winning a rally scores a point (rally point system). So they gain a
point and the right to serve. Its players rotate one position clockwise.
 RALLY POINT SYSTEM – error point

FACILITIES AND EQUIPMENT

PLAYING AREA - The playing area includes the playing court and the free zone. It shall be
rectangular and symmetrical.

1
DIMENSIONS - The playing court is a rectangle measuring 18 x 9 m, surrounded by a free
zone which is a minimum of 3 m wide on all sides.
The free playing space is the space above the playing area which is free from any
obstructions. The free playing space shall measure a minimum of 7 m in height from the
playing surface.

PLAYING SURFACE - The surface must be flat, horizontal and uniform. It must not present
any danger of injury to the players. It is forbidden to play on rough or slippery surfaces.

LINES ON THE COURT - All lines are 5 cm wide. They must be of a light color which is
different from the color of the floor and from any other lines.

Boundary lines -Two side lines and two end lines mark the playing court. Both side lines and
end lines are drawn inside the dimensions of the playing court.

TEAM COMPOSITION - A team may consist of up to 12 players, one coach, one assistant
coach, one trainer and one medical doctor (unless modified by the Specific Competition
Regulations) One of the players, other than the Libero, is the team captain, who shall be
indicated on the score sheet.
Only the players recorded on the score sheet may enter the court and play in the
match. Once the coach and the team captain have signed the score sheet, the recorded
players cannot be changed.

LOCATION OF THE TEAM - The players not in play should either sit on their team bench or
be in their warm-up area. The coach and other team members sit on the bench, but may
temporarily leave it.
The benches for the teams are located beside the scorer's table, outside the free zone.
Only the team members are permitted to sit on the bench during the match and to
participate in the warm-up session.
Players not in play may warm-up without balls as follows:
- during play: in the warm-up areas;
- during time-outs and technical time-outs: in the free zone behind their court.
During set intervals, players may warm-up using balls in the free zone.

EQUIPMENT - A player's equipment consists of a jersey, shorts, socks (the uniform) and
sport shoes. The color and the design for the jerseys, shorts and socks must be uniform for
the team (except for the Libero). The uniforms must be clean. Players' jerseys must be
numbered from 1 to 18
For FIVB, World and Official Competitions, players’ jerseys must be numbered from 1 to 20

PLAYING FORMAT
TO SCORE A POINT - A team scores a point:
- by successfully grounding the ball on the opponent’s court;
- when the opponent team commits a fault;
- when the opponent team receives a penalty.

Fault - A team commits a fault by making a playing action contrary to the rules (or by
violating them in some other way). The referees judge the faults and determine the
consequences according to the Rules:
- If two or more faults are committed successively, only the first one is counted.
- If two or more faults are committed by opponent simultaneously, a DOUBLE FAULT is
called and the rally is replayed.

2
Rally and completed rally - A rally is the sequence of playing actions from the moment of
the service hit by the server until the ball is out of play. A completed rally is the sequence of
playing actions which results in the award of a point.
- if the serving team wins a rally, it scores a point and continues to serve;
- if the receiving team wins a rally, it scores a point and it must serve next.

TO WIN A SET - A set (except the deciding, 5th set) is won by the team which first scores 25
points with a minimum lead of two points. In the case of a 24-24 tie, play is continued until a
two-point lead is achieved

TO WIN THE MATCH - The match is won by the team that wins three sets.
In the case of a 2-2 tie, the deciding set (the 5th) is played to 15 points with a minimum lead
of 2 points.

DEFAULT AND INCOMPLETE TEAM - If a team refuses to play after being summoned to do
so, it is declared in default and forfeits the match with the result 0-3 for the match and 0-25
for each set.

PLAYING ACTIONS

BALL IN PLAY - The ball is in play from the moment of the hit of the service authorized by
the first referee.

BALL OUT OF PLAY - The ball is out of play at the moment of the fault which is whistled by
one of the referees; in the absence of a fault, at the moment of the whistle.

BALL "IN" - The ball is "in" when it touches the floor of the playing court including the
boundary lines.

BALL "OUT" - The ball is "out" when:

the part of the ball which contacts the floor is completely outside the boundary lines;
- it touches an object outside the court, the ceiling or a person out of play;
- it touches the antennae, ropes, posts or the net itself outside the side bands;
- it crosses the vertical plane of the net either partially or totally outside the crossing
space, except in the case of Rule 10.1.2;
- it crosses completely the lower space under the net.

PLAYING THE BALL - Each team must play within its own playing area and space
The ball may, however, be retrieved from beyond the free zone.

TEAM HITS - A hit is any contact with the ball by a player in play.
The team is entitled to a maximum of three hits (in addition to blocking, Rule 14.4.1),
for returning the ball. If more are used, the team commits the fault of: "FOUR HITS".

CONSECUTIVE CONTACTS - A player may not hit the ball two times consecutively

SIMULTANEOUS CONTACTS - Two or three players may touch the ball at the same
moment.
When two (three) team-mates touch the ball simultaneously, it is counted as two
(three) hits (with the exception of blocking). If they reach for the ball, but only one of them
touches it, one hit is counted. A collision of players does not constitute a fault.

3
 When two opponents touch the ball simultaneously over the net and the ball remains
in play, the team receiving the ball is entitled to another three hits. If such a ball goes "out", it
is the fault of the team on the opposite side.
If simultaneous hits by two opponents over the net lead to extended contact with the ball, play
continues.

ASSISTED HIT - Within the playing area, a player is not permitted to take support from a
team-mate or any structure/object in order to hit the ball.
However, a player who is about to commit a fault (touch the net or cross the centre
line, etc.) may be stopped or held back by a team-mate.

CHARACTERISTICS OF THE HIT

The ball may touch any part of the body.
The ball must not be caught and/or thrown. It can rebound in any direction.
The ball may touch various parts of the body, provided that the contacts take place
simultaneously.
Exceptions:
- at blocking, consecutive contacts may be made by one or more blocker(s) provided
that the contacts occur during one action;
- at the first hit of the team, the ball may contact various parts of the body consecutively
provided that the contacts occur during one action.

FAULTS IN PLAYING THE BALL

FOUR HITS: a team hits the ball four times before returning it.
ASSISTED HIT: a player takes support from a team-mate or any structure/object in order to
hit the ball within the playing area.
CATCH: the ball is caught and/or thrown; it does not rebound from the hit
DOUBLE CONTACT: a player hits the ball twice in succession or the ball contacts various
parts of his/her body in succession.

BALL AT THE NET

BALL CROSSING THE NET - The ball sent to the opponent's court must go over the net
within the crossing space. The crossing space is the part of the vertical plane of the net
limited as follows:
- below, by the top of the net;
- at the sides, by the antennae, and their imaginary extension;
- above, by the ceiling.
The ball that has crossed the net plane to the opponent's free zone totally or partly
through the external space, may be played back within the team hits, provided that:
- the opponent's court is not touched by the player;
- the ball, when played back, crosses the net plane again totally or partly through the
external space on the same side of the court.
The opponent team may not prevent such action.
The ball that is heading towards the opponent’s court through the lower space is in
play until the moment it has completely crossed the vertical plane of the net.

BALL TOUCHING THE NET - While crossing the net, the ball may touch it.

BALL IN THE NET - A ball driven into the net may be recovered within the limits of the three
team hits. If the ball rips the mesh of the net or tears it down, the rally is cancelled and
replayed.

4
REACHING BEYOND THE NET - In blocking, a blocker may touch the ball beyond the net,
provided that he/she does not interfere with the opponent’s play before or during the latter's
attack hit.
After an attack hit, a player is permitted to pass his/her hand beyond the net, provided
that the contact has been made within his/her own playing space.

PENETRATION UNDER THE NET - It is permitted to penetrate into the opponent’s space
under the net, provided that this does not interfere with the opponent’s play.

Penetration into the opponent's court, beyond the centre line:

- to touch the opponent's court with a foot (feet) is permitted, provided that some part of
the penetrating foot (feet) remains either in contact with or directly above the centre
line;
- to touch the opponent’s court with any part of the body above the feet is permitted
provided that it does not interfere with the opponent’s play
- A player may enter the opponent's court after the ball goes out of play.
Players may penetrate into the opponent's free zone provided that they do not interfere with
the opponent’s play.

CONTACT WITH THE NET - Contact with the net by a player is not a fault, unless it
interferes with the play. Players may touch the post, ropes, or any other object outside the
antennae, including the net itself, provided that it does not interfere with play. When the ball
is driven into the net, causing it to touch an opponent, no fault is committed.

PLAYER'S FAULTS AT THE NET - A player touches the ball or an opponent in the
opponent's space before or during the opponent’s attack hit.
A player interferes with the opponent's play while penetrating into the opponent’s
space under the net
A player’s foot (feet) penetrates completely into the opponent's court.

A player interferes with the opponent’s play by (amongst others):

- touching the top band of the net or the top 80 cm of the antenna during his/her action
of playing the ball, or
- taking support from the net simultaneously with playing the ball, or
- creating an advantage over the opponent, or
- making actions which hinder an opponent’s legitimate attempt to play the ball

SERVICE - The service is the act of putting the ball into play, by the back right player, placed
in the service zone.

FIRST SERVICE IN A SET - The first service of the first set, as well as that of the deciding
set (the 5th) is executed by the team determined by the toss. The other sets will be started
with the service of the team that did not serve first in the previous set.

SERVICE ORDER - The players must follow the service order recorded on the line-up sheet.
After the first service in a set, the player to serve is determined as follows:
when the serving team wins the rally, the player (or his/her substitute) who served before,
serves again;
when the receiving team wins the rally, it gains the right to serve and rotates before
actually serving. The player who moves from the front right position to the back-right position
will serve.

AUTHORIZATION OF THE SERVICE - The first referee authorizes the service, after having
checked that the two teams are ready to play and that the server is in possession of the ball.

5
EXECUTION OF THE SERVICE - The ball shall be hit with one hand or any part of the arm
after being tossed or released from the hand(s). Only one toss or release of the ball is
allowed. Dribbling or moving the ball in the hands is permitted.
At the moment of the service hit or take-off for a jump service, the server must not
touch the court (the end line included) or the floor outside the service zone.
After the hit, he/she may step or land outside the service zone, or inside the court.
The server must hit the ball within 8 seconds after the first referee whistles for service. A
service executed before the referee's whistle is cancelled and repeated.

SCREENING - The players of the serving team must not prevent their opponent, through
individual or collective screening, from seeing the server or the flight path of the ball.
A player or group of players, of the serving team makes a screen by waving arms,
jumping or moving sideways, during the execution of the service, or by standing grouped to
hide the flight path of the ball.

FAULTS MADE DURING THE SERVICE

Serving faults - The following faults lead to a change of service even if the opponent is out
of position. The server:
- violates the service order,
- does not execute the service properly.

Faults after the service hit - After the ball has been correctly hit, the service becomes a
fault (unless a player is out of position) if the ball:
- touches a player of the serving team or fails to cross the vertical plane of the net
completely through the crossing space;
- goes "out";
- passes over a screen.

SERVING FAULTS AND POSITIONAL FAULTS- If the server makes a fault at the moment
of the service hit (improper execution, wrong rotational order, etc.) and the opponent is out of
position, it is the serving fault which is sanctioned.
Instead, if the execution of the service has been correct, but the service subsequently
becomes faulty (goes out, goes over a screen, etc.), the positional fault has taken place first
and is sanctioned.

ATTACK HIT
CHARACTERISTICS OF THE ATTACK HIT - All actions which direct the ball towards the
opponent, with the exception of service and block, are considered as attack hits. During an
attack hit, tipping is permitted only if the ball is cleanly hit, and not caught or thrown. An
attack hit is completed at the moment the ball completely crosses the vertical plane of the net
or is touched by an opponent.

RESTRICTIONS OF THE ATTACK HIT - A front-row player may complete an attack hit at
any height, provided that the contact with the ball has been made within the player's own
playing space (except Rule 13.2.4).
A back-row player may complete an attack hit at any height from behind the front
zone:
- at his/her take-off, the player's foot (feet) must neither have touched nor crossed over
the attack line;
- after his/her hit, the player may land within the front zone.
A back-row player may also complete an attack hit from the front zone, if at the moment of
the contact part of the ball is lower than the top of the net.
No player is permitted to complete an attack hit on the OPPONENT’S service, when
the ball is in the front zone and entirely higher than the top of the net.
6
FAULTS OF THE ATTACK HIT
- A player hits the ball within the playing space of the opposing team.
- A player hits the ball "out".
- A back-row player completes an attack hit from the front zone, if at the moment of the
hit the ball is entirely higher than the top of the net.
- A player completes an attack hit on the opponent's service, when the ball is in the front
zone and entirely higher than the top of the net.
- A Libero completes an attack hit if at the moment of the hit the ball is entirely higher
than the top of the net.
- A player completes an attack hit from higher than the top of the net when the ball is
coming from an overhand finger pass by a Libero in his/her front zone.

BLOCKING - Blocking is the action of players close to the net to intercept the ball coming
from the opponent by reaching higher than the top of the net, regardless of the height of the
ball contact. Only front-row players are permitted to complete a block, but at the moment of
contact with the ball, part of the body must be higher than the top of the net.

Block Attempt - A block attempt is the action of blocking without touching the ball.
Completed Block - A block is completed whenever the ball is touched by a blocker.
Collective Block - A collective block is executed by two or three players close to each other
and is completed when one of them touches the ball.

BLOCK CONTACT - Consecutive (quick and continuous) contacts with the ball may occur by
one or more blockers provided that the contacts are made during one action.

BLOCKING WITHIN THE OPPONENT'S SPACE - In blocking, the player may place his/her
hands and arms beyond the net provided that this action does not interfere with the
opponent’s play. Thus, it is not permitted to touch the ball beyond the net until an opponent
has executed an attack hit.

BLOCK AND TEAM HITS - A block contact is not counted as a team hit. Consequently, after
a block contact, a team is entitled to three hits to return the ball.
The first hit after the block may be executed by any player, including the one who has
touched the ball during the block.

BLOCKING THE SERVICE - To block an opponent's service is forbidden.

BLOCKING FAULT
- The blocker touches the ball in the OPPONENT’S space either before or
simultaneously with the opponent’s attack hit.
- A back-row player or a Libero completes a block or participates in a completed block.
- Blocking the opponent’s service.
- The ball is sent "out" off the block.
- Blocking the ball in the opponent’s space from outside the antenna.
- A Libero attempts an individual or collective block.

INTERRUPTIONS, INTERVALS AND DELAYS 15

REGULAR GAME INTERRUPTIONS
Regular game interruptions are TIME-OUTS and SUBSTITUTIONS.
An interruption is the time between one completed rally and the 1st referee’s whistle
for the next service.

7
NUMBER OF REGULAR GAME INTERRUPTIONS -Each team is entitled to request a
maximum of two time-outs and six player substitutions per set.

REQUEST FOR REGULAR GAME INTERRUPTIONS - Regular game interruptions may be

requested by the coach, or in the absence of the coach by the game captain, and only by
them.
The request is made by showing the corresponding hand signal, when the ball is out of
play and before the whistle for service.
Substitution before the start of a set is permitted, and should be recorded as a regular
substitution in that set.

SEQUENCE OF INTERRUPTIONS - Request for one or two time-outs, and one request for
player substitution by either team may follow one another, with no need to resume the game.
However, a team is not authorized to make consecutive requests for player substitution
during the same game interruption. Two or more players may be substituted during the same
game interruption.

TIME-OUTS AND TECHNICAL TIME-OUTS

All time-outs that are requested last for 30 seconds.
In the deciding (5th) set, there are no "Technical Time-Outs"; only two time-outs
of 30 seconds duration may be requested by each team.
During all time-outs, the players in play must go to the free zone near their bench.

SUBSTITUTION OF PLAYERS - A substitution is the act by which a player, other than the
Libero or his/her replacement player, after being recorded by the scorer, enters the game to
occupy the position of another player, who must leave the court at that moment. Substitution
requires the referee's authorization.

LIMITATION OF SUBSTITUTIONS - Six substitutions is the maximum permitted per team

per set. One or more players may be substituted at the same time.
A player of the starting line-up, may leave the game, but only once in a set, and re-
enter, but only once in a set, and only to his/her previous position in the line-up.
A substitute player may enter the game in place of a player of the starting line-up, but
only once per set, and he/she can only be substituted by the same starting player.

EXCEPTIONAL SUBSTITUTION - A player (except the Libero) who cannot continue

playing due to injury or illness, should be substituted legally. If this is not possible, the
team is entitled to make an EXCEPTIONAL substitution, beyond the limits of Rule 15.6.
An exceptional substitution means that any player who is not on the court at the time
of the injury, except the Libero or his/her replacement player, may be substituted into the
game for the injured player. The substituted injured player is not allowed to re-enter the
match.
An exceptional substitution cannot be counted in any case as a regular substitution.

SUBSTITUTION FOR EXPULSION OR DISQUALIFICATION - An EXPELLED or

DISQUALIFIED player must be substituted immediately through a legal substitution. If this is
not possible, the team is declared INCOMPLETE.

ILLEGAL SUBSTITUTION - A substitution is illegal, if it exceeds the limitations indicated in

Rule 15.6 (except the case of Rule 15.7).
When a team has made an illegal substitution and the play has been resumed the
following procedure shall apply:
the team is penalized with a point and service to the opponent,
the substitution is rectified,

8
 the points scored by the team at fault since the fault was committed are cancelled. The
opponent’s points remain valid.

SUBSTITUTION PROCEDURE - Substitution must be carried out within the substitution

zone. A substitution shall only last the time needed for recording the substitution on the score
sheet, and allowing entry and exit of the players.
The actual request for substitution is the entrance of the substitute player(s)
into the substitution zone, ready to play, during a regular interruption.
If that is not the case, the substitution is not granted and the team is sanctioned
for a delay. The request for substitution is acknowledged and announced by the
scorer or second referee, by use of the buzzer or whistle respectively.
If a team intends to make simultaneously more than one substitution, all players being
substituted must report to the substitution zone at the same time to be considered in the
same request. In this case, substitutions must be made in succession, one pair of players
after another.

IMPROPER REQUESTS - It is improper to request any game interruption:

- during a rally or at the moment of, or after the whistle to serve,
- by a non-authorized team member,
- for player substitution before the game has been resumed from a previous substitution
by the same team,
- after having exhausted the authorized number of time-outs and player substitutions.
The first improper request by a team in the match that does not affect or delay the game shall
be rejected without any other consequences.
Any further improper request in the match by the same team constitutes a delay.

THE LIBERO PLAYER

DESIGNATION OF THE LIBERO - Each team has the right to designate from the list of
players on the score sheet up to two (2) specialised defensive players: Liberos.
All Liberos must be recorded on the score sheet before the match in the special lines
reserved for this.
One Libero designated by the coach before the start of the match, will be the starting
Libero. The Libero on court is the Acting Libero
. If there is another Libero, he/she will act as the second Libero.
Only one Libero may be on court at any time. The Libero cannot be either team captain or
game captain at the same time as performing as a Libero.

EQUIPMENT -The Libero players must wear a uniform (or jacket/bib for the re-designated
Libero) whose jerseys at least must contrast in color with that of the other members of the
team. The Libero uniform may have a different design, but it must be numbered like the rest
of the team members. For FIVB, World and Official Competitions the re-designated
Libero must, if possible, wear the same style and color of jersey as the original Libero,
but keep his/her own number.

ACTIONS INVOLVING THE LIBERO

The playing actions

The Libero is allowed to replace any player in a back row position.

He/she is restricted to perform as a back row player and is not allowed to complete an attack
hit from anywhere (including playing court and free zone) if at the moment of the contact, the
ball is entirely higher than the top of the net.
He/she may not serve, block or attempt to block.
A player may not complete an attack hit from higher than the top of the net, if the ball is
coming from an overhand finger pass by a Libero in his/her front zone. The ball may be freely
attacked if the Libero makes the same action from outside his/her front zone.

9
10
11
12
13
14
15
 HANDOUT IN
PHYSICAL EDUCATION 4

VOLLEYBALL

NAME:_____________________________________
COURSE AND YEAR:___________________________
SCHEDULE:__________________________________

16