Factoring Perfect Square Trinomials

Lesson 4

Shiela Mae Sotto Ucang, LPT

Grade 7 - Adviser
 Lesson Objectives
Introduction
Another factoring technique that you are
1 Determine patterns in factoring
going to explore is factoring perfect square
trinomials. Before you will start learning this polynomials; and
topic, recall the pattern to square a binomial
as this is very important in understanding Factor perfect square trinomials
this factoring technique. Do the following 2
completely.
activity to refresh your learning in squaring a
binomial.
 What’s In
DO-NOW

Patterns in squaring binomial

1. 𝑎 + 𝑏 2 = 𝑎2 + 2𝑎𝑏 + 𝑏 2
2
2. 𝑎 − 𝑏 = 𝑎2 − 2𝑎𝑏 + 𝑏 2
 Remember Me!
DO-NOW
Group 1 Group 2 Group 3 Group 4 Group 5
Alleliah Rome Kyle Princess Kaye Alexander Jackie
Check in the table to
Froshnika John Jeremi Justin Kyle Krystyl Aaron
determine which group
Mary Christy Angel Marie Joshua Niño Kevin John Michael
you are in. Then go to
Yuani Hannah Faith Rain Britney Sunchellame
VirtRAiLS – Module 1 -
Glaiza Beyonce Yenlie Rizzy Clark Jansen
Lesson 4 and click the
Mary Neyca Kyle John Aleah Belle Rowie Albrent
discussion thread that
Niño Angelo Ethan Gelemae Raimar Sean Jeff Cyrus
you belong. Read
Ryll Vincent Gabriel
instructions and discuss
with your classmates for
the answers. No Questions:
limitations of discussion 1. What did you do to find the first term of the product? The second term?
threads. The last term?

2. How will you determine the sign of the middle term?

3. What do you call the product of squaring a binomial?

 Am I Perfect?
DO-NOW
1. 𝑎2 − 22𝑎 + 121

2. 𝑏2 − 8𝑏 + 16

3. 4𝑑 2 + 20𝑑 − 25
Determine whether the
given expressions are 4. 100 + 50𝑒 + 𝑒 2
perfect square trinomials.
5. 36𝑟 2 − 60𝑟𝑡 + 25𝑡 2
Say P if it is a perfect
square trinomial and say
N if not. Questions:
1. How did you determine whether the given expression is a perfect square
trinomial?
2. Did you encounter difficulties in determining it?
3. Do you see pattern in determining perfect a square trinomials?
4. What are your observations on the terms of a perfect square trinomial?
 What is It
MINI-
LESSON Perfect Square Trinomial is the result of squaring a binomial.
A perfect square trinomial has first and last terms which are perfect
squares and the middle term is twice the product of the first and last terms.

That is,

(𝑎 + 𝑏)2 = 𝑎2 + 2𝑎𝑏 + 𝑏2 or (𝑎 − 𝑏)2 = 𝑎2 − 2𝑎𝑏 + 𝑏2

To factor the given trinomial,

1. Examine whether the first term and last term are perfect squares.
2. Look at the middle term. Check whether it is twice the product of the
square root of the first term and last term.
3. If conditions 1 and 2 were satisfied then, the expression is a perfect
square trinomial.
4. Factor completely the given trinomial following the pattern

𝑎2 + 2𝑎𝑏 + 𝑏2 = (𝑎 + 𝑏)2 or 𝑎 + 𝑏 𝑎 + 𝑏
𝑎2 − 2𝑎𝑏 + 𝑏2 = (𝑎 − 𝑏)2 or (𝑎 − 𝑏)(𝑎 − 𝑏).
 What is It
MINI-
Example 1: Factor 𝑛2 + 16𝑛 + 64
LESSON
Solution:
Step 1: Determine whether the first term and the last term are perfect squares.
First Term: 𝑛2 = 𝑛 ∙ 𝑛 = (𝑛)2
Both are perfect squares
Last Term: 64 = 8 ∙ 8 = (8)2

Step 2: Determine whether the middle term is twice the product of the square
root of the first term and the last term.
16𝑛 = 2 𝑛 8
Step 3: Since the conditions are satisfied then 𝑛2 + 16𝑛 + 64 is a perfect
square trinomial
 What is It
MINI-
Example 1: Factor 𝑛2 + 16𝑛 + 64
LESSON
Step 4: Factor completely 𝑛2 + 16𝑛 + 64
𝑛2 + 16𝑛 + 64 = (𝑛 + 8)2 or (𝑛 + 8)(𝑛 + 8)

To factor perfect square trinomial, use the following relationships:

 What is It
MINI-
Example 2: Factor 4𝑥 2 + 4𝑥 + 1
LESSON
Solution:
Step 1: Determine whether the first term and the last term are perfect squares.
First Term: 4𝑥 2 = 2𝑥 ∙ 2𝑥 = 4𝑥 2
Both are perfect squares
= 1∙1 = 2
Last Term: 1 1

Step 2: Determine whether the middle term is twice the product of the square
root of the first term and the last term.
4𝑥 = 2 2𝑥 1
Step 3: Since the conditions are satisfied then 4𝑥 2 + 4𝑥 + 1 is a perfect
square trinomial
 What is It
MINI-
Example 2: Factor 4𝑥 2 + 4𝑥 + 1
LESSON
Step 4: Factor completely 4𝑥 2 + 4𝑥 + 1 you have
4𝑥 2 + 4𝑥 + 1 = (2𝑥 + 1)2 or (2𝑥 + 1)(2𝑥 + 1)

To factor perfect square trinomial, use the following relationships:

 What is It
MINI-
Example 3: Factor 𝑥 2 + 14𝑥𝑦 + 49𝑦 2
LESSON
Solution:
Step 1: Determine whether the first term and the last term are perfect squares.
First Term: 𝑥 2 = 𝑥∙𝑥 = 𝑥2
2=
Both are perfect squares
Last Term: 49𝑦 2
7𝑦 ∙ 7𝑦 = (7𝑦)

Step 2: Determine whether the middle term is twice the product of the square
root of the first term and the last term.
𝟏4𝑥𝑦 = 2 𝑥 7𝑦
Step 3: Since the conditions are satisfied then 𝑥 2 + 14𝑥𝑦 + 49𝑦 2 is a perfect
square trinomial
 What is It
MINI-
Example 3: Factor 𝑥 2 + 14𝑥𝑦 + 49𝑦 2
LESSON
Step 4: Factor completely 𝑥 2 + 14𝑥𝑦 + 49𝑦 2 you have
𝑥 2 + 14𝑥𝑦 + 49𝑦 2 = (𝑥 + 7𝑦)2 or (𝑥 + 7𝑦)(𝑥 + 7𝑦)

There are some cases in which you need to factor out first the
greatest common monomial factor before factoring the perfect square
trinomial.
 What is It
MINI-
Example 4: Factor 3𝑥 2 − 18𝑥𝑦 + 27𝑦 2
LESSON
Solution:
At first glance, we can’t find the perfect square trinomial in it. But if we
factor out its greatest common monomial factor, like the following:
Step 1: Factor 3𝑥 2 − 18𝑥𝑦 + 27𝑦 2 by GCF
3𝑥 2 − 18𝑥𝑦 + 27𝑦 2 = 3(𝑥 2 − 6𝑥𝑦 + 9𝑦 2 )
Step 2: Determine whether the first term and the last term are perfect squares.
First Term: 𝑥 2 = 𝑥∙𝑥 = 𝑥2
2 Both are perfect squares
Last Term: 9𝑦 2 = 3𝑦 ∙ 3𝑦 = (3𝑦)

Step 3: Determine whether the middle term is twice the product of the square
root of the first term and the last term.
− −6𝑥𝑦 = −2 𝑥 3𝑦
Step 3:
 What is It
MINI-
Example 4: Factor 3𝑥 2 − 18𝑥𝑦 + 27𝑦 2
LESSON
Step 4: Since the conditions are satisfied then 𝑥 2 + 14𝑥𝑦 + 49𝑦 2 is a perfect
square trinomial

Step 5: Factor completely 3𝑥 2 − 18𝑥𝑦 + 27𝑦 2 you have

3𝑥 2 − 18𝑥𝑦 + 27𝑦 2 = 3(𝑥 − 3𝑦)2 or 3(𝑥 − 3𝑦)(𝑥 − 3𝑦)
 What is It
MINI-
Example 3: Factor 9𝑥2 + 12𝑥𝑦 + 16𝑦2
LESSON
Solution:

Step 1: Determine whether the first term and the last term are perfect squares.

First Term: 9𝑥2 = 3𝑥 ∙ 3𝑥 = (3𝑥)2 Both are perfect

Last Term: 16𝑦 2 = 4𝑦 ∙ 4𝑦 = (4𝑦)2 squares

Step 2: Determine whether the middle term is twice the product of the square
root of the first term and the last term.
12xy ≠ 2(3x)(4y) , as 2(3x)(4y) = 24xy

This means that the trinomial is not a perfect square. Thus, you don’t
have to proceed to factoring.
 THANKS FOR
LISTENING

Contact Me

Messenger: Shiela Mae Sotto Ucang

E-mail: shiela@rosemonthills.com

www.rosemonthills.com
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PRACTICE

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ASSESSMENT

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