8/10/2021 BASIC PRINCIPLES EN 61439-1 - EN 60204-1 RTC Vl BrV

Page 1

basic principles
EN 61439-1 EN 60204-1

Edition 2011

Gregor Verlinden
Director Special Techniques and Training Electro-Test
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Electro-Test bvba
Recognized training provider
Church Street 33
1820 MILK TROUSERS

Phone: (02) 751 98 39

Fax: (02) 751 52 09
E-mail: info@electro-test.be
http://www.electro-test.be

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COLOPHON

This work was realized with the support of the RTC Flemish Brabant.
This document may be offered to schools in its integral form free of charge.
The schools should present this syllabus in its entirety to the students.
This syllabus has been compiled by Electro-Test bvba. The author is Mr.
Gregor Verlinden, Director Special Techniques and Training at Electro-Test vzw.

No part of this publication, even in part, may be

reproduced, translated or adapted in any form, including herein
photocopy, microfilm, tape recording or any other digital form, or stored
are stored in a computerized database, subject to prior and
written permission from the publisher.

GV/SV/2010 -2- E.204.A

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BASIC PRINCIPLES EN 61439-1 ↔ EN 60204-1

1 Introduction ................................................. .................................................. .................. 5

1.1 Location of AREI ................................................ .................................................. ....................... 5

1.2 Situation EN 60439 series → EN 61439 .......................................... ................................... 6

1.3 Situation EN 60204-1 ..................................................... .................................................. .............. 7

2 Definitions.................................................. .................................................. .......................... 8

2.1 EN 60204-1 ................................................... .................................................. ......................... 8

2.2 IEC 61439-1 ................................................ .................................................. ......................... 12

3 EN 61439-1 EN 60204-1 ......................................... .................................................. .. 16

3.1 Plate................................................. .................................................. ................................... 16

3.1.1 Board Attributes – Class ............................................... .................................. 16

3.1.2 IP Degrees .................................................. .................................................. .................... 17

3.1.3 Pipe entry.................................................. .................................................. ............ 21

3.1.4 Busbars art. 8.6.3 EN 61439-1 ......................................... .................................... 22

3.1.5 EN 61439-1 – EN 60204-1.......................................... .................................................. 26

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3.2 Mains disconnector .................................................. .................................................. ....................... 27

3.2.1 Characteristics................................................. .................................................. ................ 27

3.2.2 If power separator ................................................................ ............................................... 32

3.2.3 IP Degrees .................................................. .................................................. .................... 35

3.2.4 Connection................................................. .................................................. .................. 36

3.2.5 EN 61439-1 – EN 60204-1.......................................... .................................................. 36

3.3 Overcurrent protections .................................................................. .................................................. .. 37

3.3.1 Vending machines - technical characteristics................................................... ....................... 37

3.3.2 Fuses - technical characteristics................................................................ ............... 40

3.3.3 IP Degrees .................................................. .................................................. ................... 43

3.3.4 Connections.................................................. .................................................. ............... 43

3.3.5 EN 61439-1 EN 60204-1 ......................................... ................................................ 46

3.4 Contactors .................................................. .................................................. ....................... 47

3.4.1 Technical characteristics .................................................. ........................................ 47

3.4.2 IP Degrees .................................................. .................................................. ................... 55

3.4.3 Connections.................................................. .................................................. ............... 55

3.4.4 EN 61439-1 EN 60204-1 ......................................... ................................................ 55

3.5 Control transformer 40 VA................................................... .................................................. ................ 56

3.5.1 Technical characteristics .................................................. .................................. 56

3.5.2 IP Degrees .................................................. .................................................. .................... 60

3.5.3 Connections.................................................. .................................................. ............... 60

3.5.4 EN 61439-1 EN 60204-1 ......................................... ................................................ 60

3.6 Push buttons .................................................. .................................................. ..................... 61

3.6.1 Characteristics................................................. .................................................. ................ 61

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3.6.2 IP Degrees .................................................. .................................................. .................... 66

3.6.3 Connections.................................................. .................................................. ............. 67

3.6.4 EN 61439-1 EN 60204-1 ......................................... .................................................. 68

3.7 Equipotential bonding .................................................................. .................................................. .... 72

3.7.1 Characteristics................................................. .................................................. ................ 72

3.7.2 IP Degrees .................................................. .................................................. .................... 73

3.7.3 Connections.................................................. .................................................. ............... 73

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3.7.4 EN 61439-1 EN 60204-1 ......................................... ................................................ 75

3.8 External piping .................................................. .................................................. ...............76

3.8.1 Characteristics................................................. .................................................. .. 76

3.8.2 IP Degrees .................................................. .................................................. .................... 84

3.8.3 connections .................................................. .................................................. ............. 84

3.8.4 EN 61439-1 EN 60204-1 ......................................... ................................................... 84

3.9 Engines ................................................. .................................................. ......................... 84

3.9.1 Characteristics................................................. .................................................. .... 84

3.9.2 Electric motors and associated equipment ................................................... ................... 85

3.9.3 IP Degrees .................................................. .................................................. .................... 86

3.10 Sockets and lighting................................................................... .................................................. 88

3.10.1 Sockets ................................................................ .................................................. .......... 88

3.10.2 Relief ................................................. .................................................. .................. 95

3.11 Schedules, data and certificates................................................................... ............................................... 97

3.11.1 Schematics EN 60204-1 art. 17................................................. .................................. 97

3.12 Controls and tests ................................................................ .................................................. ........ 101

3.12.1 Controls .................................................. .................................................. .................. 101

3.12.2 Who carries out the checks? .................................................. .................................. 101

4 Attachments................................................. .................................................. ........................ 103

4.1 Brief overview of both standards................................................................ ................................... 103

4.2 Important Icons................................................................... .................................................. 104

4.3 Calculation example .................................................. .................................................. .... 105

4.3.1 TN-S Calculation example ................................................ ................................................... 105

4.3.2 Tables .................................................. .................................................. ................... 113

4.4 Agreement panel builder and end customer ................................................ ......................... 121

4.5 Plates – shapes................................................................ .................................................. ............... 122

4.6 Routine testing ................................................ .................................................. ................... 125

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1 Introduction
1.1 Location AREIA

The AREI (General Regulations on Electrical Installations) via the KB 10/03/1981 has
force of law.

The AREI was derived from IEC 60364 “Conditions for low voltage installations in
buildings”. Also the NEN 1010, the VDE0100, the NFC15-100 ea

Cenelec makes HDs from this IEC standard. HD stands for Harmonization Document. A HD
has the same legal value as a European standard (EN).

The SPECIFIC standards regarding machines, devices, signs, etc. take precedence over the
AREI. See art. 5.01, art. 7b, art .9.02.

These articles say:

✓ Art. 5.01 – Safe Electrical Equipment

Only safe machines, appliances and cables may be used in an electrical installation
are used. This means that they must be built according to the rules of
good workmanship and that in case of faultless installation and maintenance, and
application according to their intended use, both for the safety of persons and the preservation
of goods must not be endangered.

✓ Art. 7 – b)

either when it conforms to the standards, homologated by the King or by the

BIN registered.

✓ Art. 9 – Electrical installations

01. Rated Voltage

Electrical installations must be designed and constructed in all their parts in

function of their nominal voltage.

02. Rules of Good Practice – Conformity to Standards

If standards exist, homologated by the King or registered by the

BIN, they should be regarded as a good practice rule.

From these 3 articles it can be concluded that the harmonized European standards, MUST
be regarded as rules of the art.

Each electrical installation is supplied via a DISTRIBUTION BOARD. The basic standards for LS
signs are in the EN 60439 series – see IEC 61439 series.

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BASIC PRINCIPLES EN 61439-1 ↔ EN 60204-1

IEC 60439 IEC 61439

LV switchgear and distribution devices

Part 1 general rules Part 1 general rules

Part 2 special requirements for busbar trunking systems Part 2 power separators and
circuit breakers + load breakers and/or
switch-disconnectors with their possible combinations
Part 3 special requirements for LV signs Part 3 special requirements distribution cabinets
accessible to incompetent personnel

Part 4 special requirements for construction cabinets Part 4 special requirements for construction cabinets

Part 5 Special Requirements for Asset Distribution Part 5 Special Requirements for Asset Distribution
via the public network (footpath cabinets) via the public network (footpath cabinets)

Part 6 special requirements for busbar trunking systems

The European bible for electrical installations of machines (simple and complex) is
the EN 60204.1.

Boards and machines contain overcurrent protection devices and various types of switches.
For this, Europe has drawn up the EN 60947 series.

EN 60947-1 Part 1 LV switches – generalities

EN 60947-2 Part 2 Circuit breakers

EN 60947-3 Part 3 Switches, disconnectors, combined units of

switches/disconnecters and fuses

EN 60947-4 Part 4 Switches and start-ups of motors

EN 60947-5 Part 5 Control circuits and switching elements

EN 60947-6 Part 6 Multiple Function Switches / Controls

safety switches

EN 60947-7 Part 7 Additional Equipment – ​Terminal Blocks for Cu Conductors

1.2 Situation EN 60439 series → EN 61439

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The EN 60439-1 is a HARMONIZED EUROPEAN STANDARD. This was prepared by
CENELEC, ie Committee Européen de Normalization – Electricité. Cenelec was commissioned
of the European Economic Union or Community (EEC). This EEG wrote and writes
Economic guidelines.

Purpose of these directives: they regulate the free movement of goods and/or products in Europe.

All economic guidelines MUST be transposed by all member states into a national
regulations. In terms of content, economic guidelines must be identical in all Member States.

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BASIC PRINCIPLES EN 61439-1 ↔ EN 60204-1

The legal requirements or conditions to be complied with are described in appendix 1 of the
economic guideline.

These requirements are binding on ALL manufacturers and/or designers of devices and/or
products that fall under the scope of one or more economic
guidelines.

In support of the usually "general and vague legal requirements" in a number of

In some cases, the EEC has instructed the CEN or CENELEC to write a European standard.

If this standard is recognized by ALL member states as THE RULE OF ART for what
concerned, then that standard is harmonized and appears
as such in the European Official Journal.

IF a harmonized standard is followed, then “by definition” there is a presumption

compliance with the essential requirements of Annex 1 of the relevant directive
on the subject in question.

BUT… one should not follow “harmonised standards”!

Summarized:

IF a board is assembled and built in accordance with EN 60439-1, then this answers
board meets the requirements of art. 5.01 + 7.b + 9.02 of the AREI and it is DEFINITELY allowed
are used.

However, between the “MAY BUY” and “PUT IN SERVICE” there is still a BIG
DIFFERENCE.

The person responsible for the “EMPLOYMENT” is the employer. The employer may
employ work equipment if it provides NECESSARY safeguards for safety. eg.
a board with IP degree 23, a breaking capacity of 6000 A according to EN 60898,
intended for a TN-S network etc., cannot guarantee security in an IT network with
distributed zero where an IP44 is required, and if the short-circuit power at the location of
arrangement is 20 kA, there is also a problem.

1.3 Situation EN 60204-1

What the EN 60439-1 means for electrical panels, the EN 60204-1 means for what the
electrical installations of simple or complex machines.

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Even now, the art. 5.01 + 7.b + 9.02 of the AREI the reasons and motivation for compliance
of EN 60204-1.

The EN 60204-1 is regarded as “THE BIBLE” for the electrical installation of machines.

European standards are written in French, English or German. The official translation
from the ONE language chosen, will continue to cause problems at all times.

Note:

☞ EN 60439-1 EN 61439-1. At the moment, both can still be used. Soon stays
only the EN 61439-14 left (01/11/2014).

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BASIC PRINCIPLES EN 61439-1 ↔ EN 60204-1

2 Definitions
2.1 EN 60204-1

Following are a "number" definitions from the EN 60204-1 version 2006, via the NEN EN 60204-1
(there is no Belgian – Flemish translation).

- Art. 3.1 – control device

part of a device on which a control action is performed manually

Note:

☞ The control device can be designed as lever, knob, push button, roller, ram, etc.

☞ There are some operating options that do not require external force, but
just one action.

- Art. 3.3 - shielding

part that provides protection against direct contact from any usual
access direction

- Art. 3.8 - control circuit (of a machine)

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circuit for control including the monitoring of a machine and the
electrical equipment

- Art. 3.9 - control unit

device located in the control circuit and used to control the machine
(e.g. position sensors, hand-operated control switches, relays,
contactors, magnetically actuated valves)

- Art. 3.10 - switchgear

switchgear and their combination with associated control, measurement, protection

and control equipment, including assemblies of such devices and equipment with
associated interconnections, accessories, enclosures and supporting structures,
which are basically intended for controlling electrical energy consuming
devices

- Art. 3.11 - controlled stop

stopping the movement of a machine, with the electrical energy applied to the
drive organs remain present

- Art. 3.12 - direct touch

contact of active parts by persons or livestock

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- Art. 3.13 - Forced switching contacts (in switchgear)

achieving contact separation as a direct result of a specified movement

of the switchgear due to rigid parts (e.g. not dependent on springs)

- Art. 3.16 - electronic equipment

that part of the electrical equipment which contains circuits mainly carried out
with electronic devices and parts

- Art. 3.17 - emergency stop device

manually operated device used to initiate an emergency stop function

- Art. 3.18 - emergency shutdown device

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manually operated device used to protect against risk of electric shock or other
risk of electrical origin, the electrical supply to the installation or part
to interrupt it

- Art. 3.20 - casing

part that protects equipment against certain external influences and against
direct contact protection.

The EN 60529 say tin art. 3.1:

a) Enclosures protect persons or livestock from access to hazardous parts.

b) Shields, forms of openings or any other means - which are attached to the
enclosure are attached or formed by the enclosure equipment – ​which are suitable
to prevent or prevent the ingress of the specified test probes
limit, are considered part of the enclosure unless it is without
can be removed using a wrench or tool.

c) Examples of casings are:

▪ a cabinet or box, mounted on the machine or detached from the machine;

▪ a compartment consisting of an enclosed space within the machine structure.

- Art. 3.21 - equipment

materials, fixing devices, devices, devices, containers, apparatus and the like,
used as part of or in conjunction with the electrical equipment of
machines

- Art. 3.22 - equipotential bonding

electrical connections between conductive parts in order to achieve

voltage equalization

- Art. 3.23 - touchable conductive part

conductive part of electrical equipment that can be touched and

operating conditions is not live, but is under voltage due to a defect
can come

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- Art. 3.24 - foreign conductive part

conductive part which is not part of the electrical installation and which may be the cause
of potential carry-over, in general carry-over of the ground potential

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- Art. 3.25 - malfunction
end of a component's ability to perform its required function

Note

☞ After failure, the part has a defect.

☞ "Fault" is an event, while "defect" is a condition.

☞ The definition given for this term does not apply to components that consist solely of software
to exist.

☞ In practice, the terms "defect" and "malfunction" are often used synonymously.

- Art. 3.28 - danger

possible source of injury or health damage

Note

☞ The term hazard can be further identified by its origin (for example: mechanical
hazard, electrical hazard) or with the nature of the potential damage (for example: hazard from
electric shock, cuts, poisoning, fire).

☞ The hazard covered in this definition:

• is either permanently present during the intended use of the machine (for example
movement of dangerous moving parts, electric arc discharge during welding,
unhealthy posture, noise emissions, high temperature);

• or may occur unexpectedly (for example: explosion, danger of entrapment as a result of

an unintended or unexpected start, ejection due to fracture, fall due to
acceleration resp. delay).

- Art. 3.29 - indirect touch

contact by persons or livestock with touchable conductive parts that are

malfunctioning have become active

- Art. 3.32 - lock/block (as a safety feature)

device providing the interconnection between the shield(s) or device(s)

with the control system and/or all or part of the electrical supply to the machine

- Art. 3.33 - active part

current conductor or part that is intended to be energized during normal use

including a neutral but, by convention, no PEN line

- Art. 3.34 - machine drive

power mechanism intended to make the machine perform movements

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BASIC PRINCIPLES EN 61439-1 ↔ EN 60204-1

- Art. 3.35 - machine

group of interconnected parts or components, at least one of which can be

moving, equipped with the associated machine drives, control circuits and
mains circuits, which are put together for a particular application, in particular
for processing, processing, moving or packaging a material

The term "machine" also applies to a group of machines which, before reaching one
purpose, are arranged and managed so as to function as a whole.

- Art. 3.36 - marking

characters or inscriptions primarily intended for the identification of equipment, parts

and/or devices, which can also display certain properties

- Art. 3.45 - protective conductor

current conductor that is damaged by some measures to protect against electric shock
required to establish an electrical connection between:

✓ touchable metal parts;

✓ foreign conductive parts;

✓ main earth terminal (PE).

- Art. 3.46 - redundancy

application of more than one device or system or part of a device or system to

ensure that, in the event that one of them fails to function properly, another is available to
to fulfill that function

- Art. 3.48 - risk

combination of the probability that harm will occur (i.e. injury or damage to health) and the
seriousness of that damage

- Art. 3.49 - security means

security or protective device used in a safety function to protect persons

protect against danger

- Art. 3.50 - security

security measures with security means that are intended to prevent persons
protect against danger that cannot reasonably be completely eliminated or
risks that cannot be adequately mitigated by inherently safe design

- Art. 3.52 - short circuit current

overcurrent due to a short circuit due to a defect or incorrect connection in a

power chain

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- Art. 3.53 - (electrical) expert

person with relevant education, skills and experience that enable him or her,
perceive risks and avoid hazards associated with electricity

- Art. 3.54 - supplier

person or company (e.g. manufacturer, contractor, installer, assembler) who

equipment or services associated with the machine

Note

☞ The user's organization may also act in the capacity of supplier to

himself.

- Art. 3.55 - switchgear

device designed to turn the power on and off in one or more

circuits

Note

☞ One or both operations can be performed with a switchgear.

- Art. 3.56 - uncontrolled stop

stopping the movement of a machine by stopping the machine drive

supplied with electrical energy

Note

☞ This definition does not refer to any particular condition of other (for example, non-electrical)
devices with a stop function, e.g. mechanical or hydraulic brakes that are outside the
scope of this standard.

- Art. 3.57 - user

person or company using the machine and associated electrical equipment

2.2 IEC 61439-1

Note:

☞ Several definitions of EN 60204-1 are almost 100% identical to those of EN

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61439-1. These definitions are NOT repeated in this section.

- Art. 3.1.1 – Low Voltage Switching and Distribution Device

combination of one or more low-voltage switchgear with the associated measuring

, signaling, security and control components, etc. covered by the
responsibility of the manufacturer with all internal electrical and mechanical
connections and construction parts are completely assembled.

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BASIC PRINCIPLES EN 61439-1 ↔ EN 60204-1

- Art. 3.1.5 – track

low impedance conductor carrying several electrical networks separately

can be connected.

- Art. 3.2 – assemblies attachments

- Art. 3.2.1 – fixed part

part consisting of composite components and wired to a

common undercarriage and which is designed for a fixed installation.

- Art. 3.2.2 – movable part

part that can be completely removed from an assembly and replaced while
the circuit to which it is connected remains live

- Art. 3.2.3 - Connected Mode

position of a movable part when it is fully connected for its

provided function

- Art. 3.2.4 - moved position

Position of a movable part when it is out of assembly, and there

mechanically and electrically separated from

- Art. 3.2.5 - insert insert

part that involves inserting a movable part in a place not previously

is suitable, avoids

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- Art. 3.2.6 - fixed connection

a connection made or broken using a tool

- Art. 3.2.9 - compartment

enclosed section or subsection except the openings necessary for an intersection, control or
ventilation

- Art. 3.3 - external design of the assemblies

- Art. 3.3.1 - open composition

composition consisting of a structure that supports (carries) the electrical material,

with live electrical equipment parts

- Art. 3.5 - installation conditions for assemblies

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BASIC PRINCIPLES EN 61439-1 ↔ EN 60204-1

- Art. 3.5.1 - composition for indoor installation

Composition designed to be used where the

working conditions described in art. 7.1 of the standard are fulfilled

- Art. 3.5.2 - composition for outdoor installation

composition designed to be used in places where the

inoperative conditions described in art. 7.1 of the standard are fulfilled

- Art. 3.5.3 - fixed (stationary) composition

assembly designed to be fixed in place, e.g. in the floor or on the wall

and to be used in that place

- Art. 3.5.4 - movable composition

assembly designed to be easily moved from one place to

another.

- Art. 3.6 - insulation characteristics

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- Art. 3.6.1 - free space

the distance between two conductive parts along a tensioned wire the shortest path
between these conductive parts

- Art. 3.6.2 - creep distance

the shortest distance along the surface of the insulating material between two conductive
components

- Art. 3.6.3 - overvoltage

Any voltage with a peak value greater than the corresponding peak value of the
maximum solid state voltage at normal operating conditions

- Art. 3.6.4 - temporary overvoltage

overvoltage at a power frequency of relatively long duration (several seconds)

- Art. 3.6.5 - short-term overvoltage

short-lived span (several milliseconds or less, oscillating or non-oscillating

(swaying or not), usually very moist)

- Art. 3.6.8 - pollution (soiling, defilement)

any addition of a solid, liquid or gaseous foreign matter, which

result in a reduction in the dielectric strength or surface resistivity of the
insulation

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BASIC PRINCIPLES EN 61439-1 ↔ EN 60204-1

- Art. 3.6.9 - degree of pollution (of the environmental conditions)

agreed number based on the amount of conductive or hydroscopic dust,

ionized gas or salt, and its relative humidity and its frequency or
its occurrence resulting in hygroscopic absorption or condensation of moisture
leading to a reduction in dielectric strength and/or surface resistivity

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3 EN 61439-1 EN 60204-1
3.1 Plate

3.1.1 Board Attributes – Class

- Class 1 boards have a GROUND which must be earthed. The sheath is in

electrically conductive material, ie metal (usually steel).

Advantages:

✓ They are robust

✓ Are ± radiation resistant (EMC)

Cons:

✓ Protection against indirect contact must be ensured via

upstream measures

✓ Feeding monopolar cables (EMC) can be a problem

Metal Switch and Distribution Board

Application: industry
Ue 690 V
Onion 1000 V
IP 55 without ventilation
ICW 80 kA/1sec

- Class II signs

These are the so-called DOUBLE INSULATED BOARDS (or total insulation).

Symbol:

These signs must not be grounded.

Advantages:

✓ Protection against indirect contact with the board itself is guaranteed by definition

✓ Feeding monopolar cables is no problem

Cons:

✓ Magnetic and electric fields can cause malfunctions in the board

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BASIC PRINCIPLES EN 61439-1 ↔ EN 60204-1

Where used:

✓ Tertiary sector such as hotels, workshops, sports halls, hospitals, etc.

Note:

☞ The INTERNAL PE installation can be realized according to the rules of the art.

3.1.2 IP Degrees

- The IP degree is formed by the following external influencing factors:

✓ AE: ingress of foreign solids. This is the first digit of the IP and
goes from 0 to 6.

▪ 0 = no protection

▪ 6 = completely dustproof

✓ AD: ingress of liquids. This is the 2nd digit of the IP and goes from 0 to 8

▪ 0 = no protection

▪ 8 = completely watertight to a depth of ≥ 1 m

✓ AG: shock load. Expressed via IK followed by a number or number.

eg. IP44.7

- To ensure protection against “direct contact” on appliances and equipment,

EN 60529 uses 4 letters, namely:

✓ A = back-hand safe

✓ B = finger safe. The test finger has a diameter of 12 mm and a length of 8 cm

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✓ C = device safe. This is a 2.5mm diameter screwdriver with a length

of 10 cm

✓ D = wire or child safe. This is a rigid Cu wire with a diameter of 1 mm and a length
of 10 cm

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IP degree – 1st digit

IP Requirements Example Protection of persons

0 No conditions No protection

1 A sphere with ø 50 mm is not allowed back of the hand

can penetrate.

2 A sphere of 12.5 mm ø is not allowed Finger safe

can enter and must go
sufficient distance from parts
remain under tension.

3 Screwdriver with ø 2.5 mm Tool safe

must not be able to penetrate.

4 Wire of 1 mm ø Wire safe or child safe

5 Dust should not be allowed Wire safe or child safe

intrude.

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6 Totally dustproof Wire safe or child safe

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Protection against ingress of liquids - 2 the figure

0 not protected → no special protection

1 protected against vertically falling water drops

→ the water droplets falling vertically must not cause any harmful
influence.

2 protected from falling water drops for maximum

slope of 15°

→ the vertically falling water droplets must not cause any harmful
have consequences if the casing is within 15° of its
normal position is bent.

3 protected from waterfall in rain

→ water droplets falling at an angle of less than 60°

must not have any harmful effect.

4 protected from water projections

→ water splashing from any direction may not

have a harmful effect.

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5 protected against water jets
→ the water splashing from any direction must not
have a harmful effect.

6 protected against torrential seas

→ at high seas or under the influence of powerful water jets,

the water does not enter the casing in a harmful amount
insist.

7 protected from the effects of immersion

→ the ingress of water in harmful amount within the

casing immersed in water under pressure and for a period of
certain time, may not be possible.

8 protected against prolonged immersion

→ the material is suitable for long-term immersion in

water below the manufacturer's specifications
circumstances.

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BASIC PRINCIPLES EN 61439-1 ↔ EN 60204-1

Supplementary letter

IP Requirements Example Protection RA

a Ø 50 mm may not allow naked parts Hand back safe

to touch.

B Test finger 8 cm long ø 12 mm may not Finger safe

can touch naked parts.

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C Wire ø 2.5 mm, length 10 cm may not be Tool safe
touch naked parts.

d Wire ø 1 mm length 10 cm is not allowed Wire safe

can touch naked parts.

IPX6

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IPX4

3.1.3 Pipe entry

This is usually done via cable glands.

Class 1 or class 2 glands can be selected depending on the type of board. The glands must
must be chosen based on the diameter of the pipe to be fed through. After all, the foreseen IP
degree must not be damaged through the pipe entry.

If mono lines are introduced in Class 1 boards, it may be necessary

to provide a non-magnetically conductive plate, instead of the cut-away steel
plate from the board, to avoid dangerous induction voltages.

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BASIC PRINCIPLES EN 61439-1 ↔ EN 60204-1

3.1.4 Busbars art. 8.6.3 EN 61439-1

A busbar is a low-impedance conductor on which multiple electrical circuits are connected

can be connected separately. For instance:

Notice: IP30 320A

IP 55 250A →logically natural

The rails are fixed to insulating systems, which prevent certain thermal influences and
be able to withstand dynamic forces.

The distance between the insulating supports is a function of the expected Icc peak
(peak short-circuit current).

The resulting short circuit force is directly proportional to the Icc peak squared.

D is variable, with a max value for each I cc peak

E = constant (= 7.5cm)

✓ Example 1: I cc peak = 50 kA
Rail 50x5 D 25 cm
75x5 D 30cm

✓ Rail 2(50x5) D 45cm

2(75x5) D 50cm

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- Basic philosophy – rails

Each brand specifies the maximum values ​allowed for its system, for the distance(s)
in relation to the Icc peak, the arrangement of the rails vertically
or horizontal and the type of insulators.

- IEC 60865.1 ed. 2.0 (1993) Short-circuit currents – calculation of effects – part 1 –
definitions and calculation methods

- IEC 60865.2 ed. 2.0 (1994) Short-circuit currents – calculation of effects – part 2 –
examples of calculation

✓ Short-circuit resistance of the ALSB

▪ Option 1

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The Cu rails are pushed DIFFERENT.

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BASIC PRINCIPLES EN 61439-1 ↔ EN 60204-1

▪ Option 2

The Cu rails are pulled TOWARDS EACH OTHER.

An Icc is created at a specific time. This moment determines

✓ ATTRACTION example 2

✓ PUSH AWAY example 1

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- Most used rail arrangement in signs.

l -8
✓F= 2.04 ⋅ II
⋅1 ⋅ 2 10 in kg
s
✓ I 1 = I 2 = Ieff

✓ L = length of the rails between 2 insulators.

✓ S = distance between L 1 and L 2

I = 1.8 . 2 Ieff⋅

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BASIC PRINCIPLES EN 61439-1 ↔ EN 60204-1

eg. with Icc = 36 kA

This is transformer 1000 kVA with Ucc 4%

Becomes Ip = 1.8 x 1.4 x 36 = 90 kA

50
F is 2.04 x 90² . 10 6 . . 10 -8
2

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F = 4.131 TON

The arrangement of the rails, the mutual distance of the insulators, and the distance s are
important parameters. These influences have been excluded from the above formula. It goes here
so a principled approach.

3.1.5 EN 61439-1 – EN 60204-1

- EN 61439-1

✓ The EN 61439-1 is the basic standard for signs in general.

✓ This standard has been harmonised.

✓ This standard deals with the construction requirements of the board, without regard for attention
for external installation (within certain limits).

✓ A board is intended for use in specific external influencing factors.

- EN 60204-1

✓ This standard is intended for the electrical installations of machines, simple and
complex, as well as for work equipment.

✓ The standard is harmonised.

✓ This standard is not only limited to the machine board, but also describes the
conditions for the external pipes, motors, accessories such as sockets and
relief.

✓ The EN 60204-1 refers in art. 2 to the EN 61439-1 as THE rule of the art for
panel building.

✓ The art. 9 + 10 of EN 60204-1 pay particular attention to the

control circuits, ie the combination of EN 61439-1 + EN 60204-1 can lead to
a perfect machine board, in accordance with the essential requirements of Annex 1 of:

▪ The Machinery Directive 2006/42/EC

▪ The Work Equipment Directive 95/63/EC

▪ The Low Voltage Directive 2006/95/EC

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3.2 mains separator

3.2.1 Features
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3.2.1.1 If switch-disconnector

Symbol:

Construction standard EN 60947-3

Characteristics if 40 A I N ≤ 125 A

Ith = I N = 63 A

Ui = 690 V

Uimp 8 kV

Dynamic Icc strength 10 kA

icw 3 kA 1 sec

Breaking capacity 50 kA 400 V?

IPXXB

Can 'if necessary' be used as

emergency stop.

Placement: see 3.1.1.

Switching class AC23A at 400 V for 50 A

AC22 A at 400 V for 63 A

Electrical life: see manufacturer

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- Mains disconnector 63 A

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- Load switch - switch disconnector

✓ Divorce means:

▪ a dielectric test which determines Uimp (shock wave voltage). This one is typical

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for the OPENING DISTANCE of the contacts in the air, e.g. Uimp is 8 kV at Ue
400/690V

▪ a sufficient strength of the control elements and of the position determination,

in order to guarantee “MECHANICAL RELIABILITY”.

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- EN 60947-3 - characteristics

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3.2.2 If power separator

Symbol:

Construction standard EN 60947-2

Ith = I N = 63 A standard type

Ui = 750 V

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Uimp 8 kV
Ue 690 V

Ics = Icu if Ue = 500 V

Electrical life at In = 4000 operations

Usage category A ie NOT intended for selective protection

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- EN 60947-2

✓ Usage Category

▪ A: Devices NOT SPECIFICALLY equipped to provide chronometric selectivity

to ensure.

▪ B: Devices that DO provide a chronometric selectivity

guarantee.

Additional characteristics will have to be present on such a switch

are.

✓ Art. 7.3 – EMC

▪ Environment A: intended for networks, places, installations on private LV containing

sources
with strong radiation.

▪ Environment B: intended for public grids on LV, domestic, commercial and

light
industrial installations.

▪ Circuit breakers must be immune to EMC at industrial frequencies.

✓ Art. 5.2 – Markings

It must contain the following information:

▪ I N value

▪ if suitable for separation: indicate via symbol

▪ indication “ O “ - “ I ”

▪ manufacturer name

▪ type or serial number

▪ EN 60 947.2 if conformity with the standard exists

▪ usage category (AC 23 A or AC 23B)

▪ operating voltage U e

▪ frequency and/or AC-DC

▪ I cs and I cu at U e

▪ I cw and time according to usage cat. B

▪ Input and output terminals designation

▪ Neuter with 'N' if present

▪ PE terminal designation

▪ Reference temperature for the thermal uncompensated circuit breakers,

if it is different from 30°C.

Info that is allowed on the nameplate or in the catalog

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▪ I cm (rated closing power at I cc if greater than…)

▪ U i (rated insulation voltage, if greater than the maximum rated

operating voltage)

▪ degree of pollution, if different from 3

▪ I the (conventional thermal current assigned)

▪ assigned IP degree

▪ data on ventilation, if necessary

▪ minimum distance between circuit breaker and earths

▪ you imp

▪ minimum dimensions of the casing + the ventilation to be provided

▪ minimum distance between the circuit breakers and/or switches to metals

parts.

▪ suitability for type A or B, as appropriate.

▪ if applicable – detection of the effective value of sensitivity of

harmonics.

▪ Ue of the control voltage

▪ f of the control voltage

▪ Ue minimum voltage monitoring coil

▪ Ie of indirect circuit breaker

▪ number + type of auxiliary contacts

▪ terminal designations

✓ Relationship between Ics – Icu (4.3.5.2.2)

cat. a cat. B
% of I cu % of I cu

25 -

50 50

75 75

100 100

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3.2.3 IP Degrees

- The basic principle (art. 6.2.2 EN 60204-1) says that the IP degree must be at least XXB, ie
FINGER SAFE (test finger is 12mm in diameter and 8cm long).

- Devices on the door of a board must be IP XXA grade or HANDBACK SAFE

are.

- Circuits branched off before the mains disconnector must also have an IPXXB rating.

- The EN 61439-1 states in art.8.4 that the basic protection against direct contact XXB or XXD
must be.

✓ XXB: general principle

✓ XXD: If the top of the board is ≤ 1.6 m above the floor surface, then . must
the ceiling have a XXD degree.

- Agreement panel builder and end customer

✓ 8.4.2 Basic protection

✓ 8.4.2.1 General

Basic protection is intended to prevent direct contact with hazardous live parts.

✓ 8.4.2.2 Basic insulation provided by insulating material

✓ 8.4.2.3 Barriers or enclosures IP XXB/IP XXD

Air insulated live parts shall be inside enclosures or behind barriers providing at least a
degree of protection of IP XXB.

Horizontal top surfaces of accessible enclosures having a height equal to or lower than
1.6 m above the standing area, shall provide a degree of protection of at least IP XXD.

IPxxB : Protection against contact with

one finger (12mm)

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IPxxD : Protection against contact with

a wire (1mm)

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3.2.4 Connection

- The supply line terminates directly on the mains disconnector terminals.

- The IPXXB degree can be guaranteed.

- The connection point for the future PE is located in the vicinity of the connection terminal.
conductor. This clamp is marked with the letters PE.

- From this terminal there is the connection to the earth rail via a yellow-green VOB ≥ 16 mm².

- In “principle” the neutral is not distributed (for various reasons the N in the board can still be
to be divided).

- The connections to the busbars are made downstream of the mains separator
according to the rules of the art.

3.2.5 EN 61439-1 – EN 60204-1

- Art. 8.5 EN 61439-1 – Built-in switches or switchgear

✓ They must be selected in accordance with the relevant (IEC EN standards)

✓ Their breaking capacity must be selected based on the available short-circuit capacity on
the place of installation.

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✓ Switching elements and switches must, ACCORDING to the manufacturer's instructions,
be connected.

- Art. 5 – EN 60204-1

✓ The color of the mains disconnector is gray-black except for the exceptions (red-yellow).

✓ The trade may be on the door or side of the board.

✓ The height of the mains separator is ± 1.7 m.

✓ The mains disconnector is “lockable” in the switched-off position.

✓ The switching class, if switch-disconnector, should be AC23B.

Ie it must be able to switch on 10 x at a cos ϕ of 0.35 or 0.45 (0.35 if I N > 100

A).

B means: not being able to switch frequently.

✓ If a power separator is chosen, it must be “suitable for separation”

(see switch-disconnector).

✓ Some circuits may be branched off before the mains disconnector:

▪ E.g.

this one for the blackboard lighting

these to power a mains socket for maintenance

▪ These circuits

must be installed in an appropriate manner in the vicinity of the mains disconnector, one or more
contain permanent warning signs.

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must be separated from other circuits or

the power conductors must be marked with colours, with orange the
prefers

must be included in the maintenance book

3.3 Overcurrent Protections

3.3.1 Vending machines - technical characteristics

3.3.1.1 Type 2-pole EPP 100 10 + 20 Ampere

- Curve B+C

-UN 240/415V

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- Electrical life 10000
- Breaking capacity 230/400 V 10 kA Cn EN 60898

- Breaking capacity 230/400 V 15 kA Cu EN 60947.2

- CE label

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General data

Nominal load value 63 A

Short-circuit resistance according to NBN C63-439 10 kA
Insulation PVC
Dielectric strength 2.5 kV
Creep current resistance according to NBN C20-002
Self-extinguishing according to IEC 295-2-1 960 °C

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BASIC PRINCIPLES EN 61439-1 ↔ EN 60204-1

3.3.1.2 Diff.-o-jump DSI 40 A 30 mA – technical characteristics

EN 61008 – type A

In 16 to 100 A

∆In 10 – 30 – 100 – 300 – 500 – 1000 mA

UN 2-pole 230 V

min. operating voltage 2p 127 V

Electrical life 10000

Impulse current resistance type A 250 A 8/20 µsec

-25°C to +55°C

Switching capacity In combination with 500 A

Inc 10000 A at 230/400 V

Fuse 80 A gG

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3.3.2 Fuses - technical characteristics

- Information on fuses:

✓ The first letter represents the interrupt area of ​the fuses

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g = interrupt in the entire range

a = interrupt in part of the range

✓ The second letter represents the usage category

G = general application

M = motor protection (formerly backup protection)

R = semiconductor protection

Tr* = transformer protection

F* = quick interrupt, general application

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FF* = super fast interrupt, general purpose

* are not mentioned in the IEC

This results in the following combinations:

gG interrupt in the entire range, general purpose

gM interrupt in the entire range, motor protection

aM interrupt in part of the range, motor protection

gR interrupt in full range, semiconductor protection

aR interrupt in part of range, semiconductor protection

gTr interrupt in full range, transformer protection

gF pause in full range, quick pause

gFF interrupt in full range, super fast interrupt

- License plate info

✓ rated voltage, 400 V, 500 V and 690 V AC, 250 V and 440 V DC

✓ Rated current from 2 A in size 00C to 1250 A, size 4a

✓ Size 000 (00C), 00, 1, 2, 3 and 4a depending on the rated currents*

✓ Characteristic for the object to be protected: gG, aM, gTr, gF, gFF

✓ Energy transmitted in the event of an overload or short circuit

* Sizes 0 and 4 are for aftermarket only; not for new applications.

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- Benefits of fuses

✓ They never fail.

✓ They usually have a high breaking capacity (HOV), e.g. 50, 100 or 120 kA
under the conditions stipulated by the standard.

✓ They limit the short-circuit current (cap value) within certain limits.

✓ They are cheap.

✓ Selectivity is possible, IF the manufacturer's instructions are followed.

✓ Downstream of fuses, circuit breakers with a breaking capacity

whose value is limited by the cap current of the fuse.

Icc e.g. 20 kA

63 A gL 500V 100kA

Ikap = ± 1.5 kA

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circuit breakers with Icc 3 kA

according to EN 60947.2
suffice

✓ The dynamic forces that arise as a result of a short circuit are reduced by the
cap value of the fuse.

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▪ Ttotal = melting time + arc time

▪ Ttotal = 30 to 50 milliseconds. for gL and/or aM fuses

- Disadvantages of fuses

✓ The permitted length for indirect contact is ALWAYS shorter, in the same
circumstances, compared to security with automatics.

eg. if TN-S is

USf ⋅ f
Lmax =
ρ (1 + m )I error

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s
m=F
s PE

With circuit breakers I may F are replaced by I MAGN. THRESHOLD IF

I F > I MD .

✓ Replacing a fuse is more or less risky depending on ...

eg. HOV without spark baffles!

✓ The risks of fraud are potentially present.

✓ The use of deviating In values ​or deviating switch-off curves is obvious,

but the consequences can be disastrous.

3.3.3 IP degrees

- An IP degree of XXB or finger-safe applies to both fuses and circuit breakers.

- Circuit breakers in accordance with the relevant EN standard and up to a certain I N value, will
constructively meet this requirement. The possible problem remains the connection according to the
rules of art;

- The relevant EN standards may impose higher requirements due to an AE2 or AE4
influence eg.

3.3.4 Connections

- They must withstand the expected mechanical, thermal and aggressive

liquids or vapors.

- Connections must be properly secured.

- They must, where necessary, be provided with a strain relief.

- Must be done in accordance with the rules of the art (see DSI connection e.g.)

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- Connections may not contain any interruptions such as a luster clamp, or junction box, etc

- Connections are numbered if necessary. This numbering must be on the diagrams

can be found.

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- Connections should be chosen based on:

✓ ambient temperature

✓ cooling option

✓ I Z value

✓ insulation type

3.3.5 EN 61439-1 EN 60204-1

- EN 61439-1

✓ Art. 9.3 – Overcurrent Protection Capabilities

▪ Power Separator

▪ Fuses

▪ Combinations of switch-disconnectors “with” or “and” fuses

Note:

☞ If IT: the single breaking capacity must be chosen according to the closure
phase-phase

☞ If the general short-circuit protection in the board is provided with time delay, the
give plate builder the necessary info about the MAXIMUM allowed time delay

✓ The relevant EMC rules of the art must be followed. See IEC 61000 series

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✓ The panel builder must agree, in consultation with the end user, which ICw
value and the corresponding time.

✓ It must also be agreed which Icc peak the board must be able to tolerate (9.3.2
EN 61439-1).

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✓ Art. 9.4 - EMC

It must be agreed in advance between the panel builder and the end customer which
tests with regard to EMC must be carried out; see Appendix “J” of the standard.

- EN 60204-1

✓ The standard specifies that the following safeguards must be provided:

▪ Overcurrent due to Icc

▪ Overload

▪ Deviating temperatures

▪ Voltage Drops

▪ Excessive RPM

▪ Wrong phase sequence

▪ Overvoltage due to lightning strike

▪ earth fault currents

The AREI is not aware of several of the listed protections.

✓ Socket circuits must be protected against Icc + Io

✓ Light circuits must only be protected against Icc

✓ Only protect the control current transformer against Icc

✓ BUT, in both cases the Icc protection should be as low as possible.

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3.4 Contactors

3.4.1 Technical characteristics

Contactor 20 A 2NO 24 V

✓ Construction standard EN 60947.4.1

✓ Onion 400 V

✓ UN 250 V

✓ Fuse type gL 20 A

✓ Watt loss per contact at IN 1W

✓ Electrical life ac1 150 000

✓Electrical Life ac3 150000

✓ Control circuit inrush capacity 8VA

✓ Holding power control circuit 3.2VA

✓ Control circuit U N 24 V AC

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- EN 60947-4

✓ Breaking capacity

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Ieff that can switch off the contactor, taking into account the symmetrical
component of the short circuit. This value is inversely proportional to the
mains voltage. Usually the contacts themselves will be able to carry an asymmetric current
resistance that is 2 times greater than the effective value.

✓ Enable inrush power, taking into account the symmetrical component

of the short circuit. This value is proportional to the mains voltage. Usually the
contacts themselves can withstand an asymmetric current that is 2 times greater than the
effective value.

✓Electrical Life

It is the number of circuits at FULL that an element can tolerate or 90%

without repair or replacement of any part.

Ie – Ue and Business Class

✓Mechanical Life

Number of no-load circuits that contacts can have without maintenance (none
current through poles), as far as the MECHANICAL ASPECT is concerned.

✓ Intermittent Use

▪ Contactors classification:

According to permitted use: 1 - 3 - 12 - 30 - 120 - 300 - 1200

ie these contactors are allowed to switch 1 - 3 - 120 or 1200 times per hour.

▪ Motor starter layout: 1 - 3 - 12 and 30

▪ For motor starters, the classification means that the starter must be able to:

start the engine

run the engine at full speed

to separate power to the motor.

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✓ Art. 5.4 – Classes of use – normal conditions of use

cat. Application possibilities

AC1 Non-inductive or weakly inductive loads

AC2 Slip ring armature motors: switch on without reverse current braking, reverse polarity after
the rated current is reached

AC3 Squirrel cage motors, switch on without reverse current braking, switch off after

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the rated current has been reached
AC4 Squirrel cage motors, switch on, tap, switch off while the motor is still on
start-up is with reverse current brakes, reverse polarity before the nom current is limited

AC5a Discharge Lamp Control

AC5b Light Bulb Control

AC6a Control of Transformers

AC6b Control of capacitors

AC7a Weak ind loads for domestic purposes

AC7b Domestic Motor Loads

AC8a Control of refrigeration compressors with manual restart of the

non-current disconnect/relay

AC8b Controlling refrigeration compressors with automatic restart of the

overcurrent release/relay.

✓ Art. 8.2 – Generalities

▪ A contactor or motor starter must be able to operate safely between 85 and 110% of its
uh.

▪ A relay or minimum voltage protection must cause tripping,

even if the voltage drops slowly, for a value between 70 and 35% of Ue.

▪ If U 35% of Ue, it must be prevented from switching on. Only if you ≥ 85%
may switch on the relay or the minimum voltage monitor again.

▪ Clamps can be indicated according to the rules of art.

▪ The operating conditions are specified by the manufacturer.

▪ Coils of relays and contactors are characterized by an insulation class.

Class Coil in air temperature in °K

a 85

E 100

B 110

f 135

huh 160°
▪ A contactor, class 120 may have a cycle time of 30 sec., a
contactor class 300, has a cycle time of 12 sec. and one of 1200 a time of 3
sec.

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Closing and interrupting capacity

Conditions for interruption of the different categories.

usage Interrupt Quantity and frequency

category
IC/IE Uc/Ue Cos Number of Number of Time of
circuits cycles/min flow passage (2)

AC1 1.5 1.05 0.8 50 (6) 50 milli

AC2 4 (8) 1.05 0.65 50 6 50 milli

AC3 8 1.05 (A) 50 6 50 milli

AC4 10 1.05 (A) 50 6 50 milli

AC5a 3 1.05 0.45 50 6 50 milli

AC5b 1.5 (3) 1.05 - - - -

AC6a (10) (10) (10) (10) (10) (10)

AC6b - - - 50 - 50 milli

AC7a 1.5 1.05 - 50 - 50 milli

AC7b 8 1.05 - 50 - 50 milli

AC8a 6 1.05 - 50 - 50 milli

AC8b 6 1.05 - 50 - 50 milli

I= effective value of the current

ic = closing and interrupting current

ie = operating current

you = applied voltage

Ur = recurring tension

ue = operating voltage

(1) Cos φ = 0.45 for Ie ≤ 100A

Cos φ = 0.35 for Ie > 100A

(2) Time < 0.05 sec.

(3) Load via light bulbs

(6) The rest time varies from 10 sec. for Ic < 100A up to 240 sec. if Ic > 1600A.

(8) See standard

(10) See standard.

✓ Art. 8.2.4 – Contactors for AC3 and AC4 use

▪ These contactors must be able to withstand an overcurrent in the event of a nuisance, according to
the data stated below:

ie Itest Length of time

630 A 8 Ie max 10 sec

> 630 A 6 Ie max* 10 sec

* minimum value is 5040 A

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✓ Art. 8.2.5 – Short circuit conditions for contactors, starters and combinations

Type 1

The starter combination may be broken after each short-circuit trip .

Damage to contactors, thermal relays, is allowed.

▪Type 2

The thermal relay must not be damaged after a short circuit trip .
The main contacts of the contactor may be lightly welded together so that they
can be separated without significant distortions.

Control current contactors

- Construction standard EN 60947-5-1

- EN 61095 specification for electromechanical switches for household and

related usage

- GE relay

This relay is NOT intended for machine control circuits requiring a HIGHER
safety level is required, then B according to EN 954-1.

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- General characteristics EN 60947-5-1

Normally open NO

Normally Closed NC

Double NO

Double NC

Two way

Contact

Double break per pole

in 2 directions.

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Double break per pole, over 4

contact terminals.

Technical characteristics

ue

▪ Onion

Uimp

ie

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BASIC PRINCIPLES EN 61439-1 ↔ EN 60204-1

▪ Ith – Ithe

▪ closing and breaking capacity

Usage Categories

AC AC12 Resistive loads or static loads isolated via

optocoupler

AC13 Control via static load separated by transformer

AC14 Electromechanical load with P ≤ 72 VA

AC15 See 14 P > 72 VA

✓ Art. 5 – Data on the equipment

The following information must be provided by the manufacturer:

▪ manufacturer name or factory reference

▪ type or serial number, so that necessary information can be obtained from the
manufacturer

▪ EN 60947.5.1., if applicable

▪ operating voltage Ue

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▪ category of use and corresponding Ie value and Ue
▪ insulation voltage Ui

▪ shock wave voltage Uimp

▪ IP degree, if device is housed in housing

▪ pollution degree

▪ type and maximum value of the overcurrent protection to be provided.

▪ if applicable, separator symbol

▪ short-circuit current, if < 1000 A

▪ surge device, if applicable

▪ eligibility for separation, if applicable

▪ overvoltage due to switching.

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✓ Art. 7.2.4 – Normal situations by category

usage Normal Operating Conditions

-
Switch Switch off Number and frequency of closing and opening
category
I/Ie U/Ue cos I/I U/Ue cos Number of Number of Time of
φ e φ circuits cycles/min flow-
passage

AC12 1 1 0.9 1 1 0.9 6050 6 50 milli

AC13 2 1 0.65 1 1 0.65 6050 6 50 milli

AC14 6 1 0.3 1 1 0.3 6050 6 50 milli

AC15 10 1 0.3 1 1 0.3 6050 6 50 milli

T0.95 T0.95

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DC12 1 1 1 ms 1 1 1 ms 6050 6 50 milli
DC13 1 1 60 p 1 1 60 p 6050 6 50 milli
emp emp

DC14 10 1 15 1 1 15 6050 6 50 milli

ms ms

Emp = Empirical or 60 P = 6 x 50 = 300 msec. One chooses P at 50 W.

The number of trials, the rest periods, etc. are specified in the standard for this
taste.

✓ Art. 7.2.4 – Abnormal situations by category

usage Emergencies

category
Switch Switch off Number and frequency of closing and opening

I/Ie U/Ue Cos I/Ie U/Ue Cos Number of Number of Time of

φ φ circuits cycles/min flow passage

AC12 - - - - - - - - -

AC13 10 1.1 0.65 1.1 1.1 0.65 10 6 50 milli

AC14 6 1.1 0.7 6 1.1 0.7 10 6 50 milli

AC15 10 1.1 0.3 10 1.1 0.3 10 6 50 milli

- - - - - - - - -

DC12 - - - - - - - - -

DC13 1.1 1.1 6P 1.1 1.1 60 P 10 10 50 milli

DC14 10 1.1 15 10 1.1 15 10 10 50 milli

ms ms

The number of trials, the rest periods, etc. are specified in the standard for this
taste.

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3.4.2 IP Degrees

- Basic philosophy: IPXXB

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3.4.3 Connections

- See general rules of the art

- See EN 60204-1 art. 13.2.4. This article RECOMMENDS:

✓ Choose RED as wiring for AC control

✓ Choose LIGHT BLUE as wiring for DC control

Note:

☞ In principle, the N is not distributed according to EN 60204-1.

3.4.4 EN 61439-1 EN 60204-1

- The EN 61439-1 as such does not have any “control contactors”.

- The EN 60204-1 says in article 9:

✓ Art. 9 - Control Circuits and Control Functions

▪ Control Circuits

Control transformers must be used for the power supply . It must

are separation transformers.

If DC control circuits such as TN-S, they must be supplied via separate

windings of the transformer or via a separate transformer.

Transformers are not required if there is only one motor switch and two external
control devices are present (e.g. end of range + emergency stop).

The Ue value must be suitable for the application while not exceeding the 277 Volt
may exceed.

Control circuits must be protected against short circuits, but this protection
should be chosen as low as possible.

In the TN-S circuit, all functions come between the ungrounded coil side and the
overcurrent protection.

Switch mode power supplies in accordance with EN 61558.2.17 meet the requirements
to demand.

▪ Control Features

Note

☞ Information on the safety-related aspects of control functions is given in ISO

13849-1 (1999), ISO 13849-2 (2003) and IEC 62061.

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BASIC PRINCIPLES EN 61439-1 ↔ EN 60204-1

☞ This section does not specify requirements for the equipment used to
to perform control functions. Examples of such requirements are given in chapter
10.

Start functions

Start functions must be activated by switching on the appropriate

power chain.

Stop functions

There are 3 categories of stop functions, namely:

• Category 0: stop by immediate shutdown of the power supply of

the machine drive.

• Category 1: a controlled stop where the power supply of the

machine drive, required for stopping, remains present and the
power is interrupted when the machine has come to a standstill.

• Category 2: a controlled stop where the power supply of the

machine drive remains.

3.5 Control transformer 40 VA

3.5.1 Technical characteristics

- Uprim 240 V

- Usec 12-24 V

- Short circuit protection PTC

- Operating temperature - 20°C to + 40°C

- Insulation tension 4 kV

- IP20

- Construction standard EN 61558-1

- Device-specific standard EN 61558-2-2

- CE label

- Symbol

- Tolerates short-term frequent overloads

- Follow manufacturer's instructions

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- Selected transformer – EN 61558-1

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- Characteristics EN 61558-2-2

✓ Usec 12 – 24 – 50 – 110 – 230 V

✓ Onion ≥ 250 V at SE or SELV

✓ Uimp ≥ 4 kV

✓ IP degree…

✓ Symbol

✓ Power P in VA

Standard number Title publ. date

Safety of power transformers, power supplies,

NBN EN 61558-1 : 2006 chokes and the like - Part 1: General provisions 2006
and trials (+ corrigendum)

Safety of power transformers, power supplies,

NBN EN 61558-1/A1 : 2009 chokes and the like - Part 1: General provisions 2009
and trials

Safety of transformers, power supplies,

chokes and the like - Part 2-1 : Special
NBN EN 61558-2-1 : 2007 determinations and tests for isolation transformers and 2007
power supplies containing isolation transformers
for general use

Safety of transformers, power supplies,

chokes and the like - Part 2-2 : Special
NBN EN 61558-2-2 : 2007 determinations and tests for control current transformers and 2007

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power supplies that control transformers
contain

Safety of power transformers, chokes,

power supplies and combinations thereof - Part 2-3 :
NBN EN 61558-2-3 : 2010 2010
Special provision and test for
ignition transformers for gas and oil burners

Safety of power transformers, power supplies

NBN EN 61558-2-4 : 2009 and the like - Part 2-4 : Special provisions for 2009
protective transformers for general use

Safety of transformers, chokes,

power supply units and combinations thereof - Part 2-5 :
NBN EN 61558-2-5 : 2010 Special provisions and tests for transformers, 2010
power supplies with built-in transformer and
shaver power supplies

Safety of transformers, chokes,

NBN EN 61558-2-6 : 2009 power supply units and the like with a supply voltage 2009
up to 1100 V - Part 2-6 : Particular requirements and tests
for protective transformers and power supplies

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Standard number Title publ. date

containing protective transformers

Safety of power transformers, power supplies

NBN EN 61558-2-7 : 2008 and the like - Part 2-7 : Special provisions for 2008
toy transformers

Safety of power transformers, power supplies

NBN EN 61558-2-8 : 2010 and the like - Part 2-8 : Special provisions for
bell transformers

Safety of power transformers, power supplies

and the like - Part 2-9 : Special provisions for
NBN EN 61558-2-9 : 2003 transformers for class III hand lamps for 2003
tungsten filament lamps (partially replaces NBN EN
60742)

Safety of power transformers, power supplies

NBN EN 61558-2-12 : 2002 and the like - Part 2-12 : Special provisions for 01/2002

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magnetic voltage stabilizers

Safety of power transformers, power supplies,

chokes and the like up to 1 100 V - Part 2-13 :
NBN EN 61558-2-13 : 2009 Special provisions and tests for 2009
autotransformers and power supplies that
contain autotransformers

Safety of power transformers, power supplies

and the like - Part 2-15 : Special provisions for
NBN EN 61558-2-15 : 2001 10/2001
protective transformers for medical
used spaces (+ erratum)

Safety of power transformers, power supplies

and the like - Part 2-16 : Particular requirements and
NBN EN 61558-2-16 : 2010 2010
tests for switching power supplies and
transformers for switching power supplies

Safety of power transformers, power supplies

NBN EN 61558-2-19 : 2001 and the like - Part 2-19 : Special provisions for 08/2001
mains filter transformers

Safety of power transformers, power supplies

NBN EN 61558-2-20 : 2001 and similar devices - Part 2-20 : Special 06/2001
provisions for small inductors

Safety of power transformers, power supplies

NBN EN 61558-2-23 : 2010 and similar devices - Part 2-23 : Special 12/2010
provisions for transformers for construction sites

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3.5.2 IP degrees

- See general principles

- Take into account the information provided by the manufacturer, such as ta 35/B means that the
transformer may be installed in an environment where the temperature is ≤ 35 °C. in that
circumstances, insulation class B applies. The specified IP degree must not be
be influenced by …

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3.5.3 Connections

- In principle, TN-S applies to the secondary of the transformer.

- Also applies: for ANY control voltage:

✓ or a SEPARATE transformer

✓ or a SEPARATE SEPARATE winding

- Note: 12 or 24 Volt for the control circuit is NOT prohibited, but Ui ≥ 250 V!

3.5.4 EN 61439-1 EN 60204-1

- The EN 61439-1 does not deal with the term “control transformer”. The standard does deal with various
parameters, which are indirectly related to transformers, for example:

✓ Air and creepage distances art. 3.6 + 5

✓ Insulation tension art. 5.2.3

✓ Pollution degree art. 7.1.3

✓ Overvoltage category art. 5.2.4

✓ IP degree art. 8

- The EN 6024-1 says:

✓ Art. 4.2 Control current transformers must be selected in accordance with the respective
norm

They must be suitable for the application in question.

They must be applied in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions.

✓ Art. 9.1 says that control transformers should be used except for the
exceptions.

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3.6 Push buttons

3.6.1 Features
3.6.1.1 Push buttons

- Key switch

- Switch with NC

- Switch with NO

Characteristics

-UN AC2 up to 120V max

DC2 up to 30V max

-IN AC/DC – 0.001 to 0.15 A

-PN AC 8VA max

DC 4.5W max

- EN 60947-5-1

- AA in operation -25 °C to + 70 °C

storage -40 °C to + 70 °C

- Onion 690 V

- Uimp 4 kV

- IC security ≤ 16 A gG → IEC 60269-1

- Operating characteristics AC15 at Ue 24 – 48 – 60 – 110 – 230 V

Ie 10 A and 3 A at 230 V

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3.6.1.2 Emergency stop

- Technical characteristics of push buttons: see EN 60947-5-1

- Standard EN 13850

- Background: yellow

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3.6.1.3 Signal lamps

- Construction standard: EN 60947-5-1

- Recommended colors (art. 10.3.2 – EN 60204-1)

Table 4 – color codes for signal lamps and their meaning in relation to the condition of
the machine

Colour Meaning Statement Required action

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RED Emergency Dangerous situation Act immediately against

dangerous situation (eg.
turning off the machine –
be aware of the dangerous
situation, keep your distance from the
machine)

YELLOW abnormal abnormal situation; situation Monitoring and/or intervention (e.g. by

can become critical restoration of intended function)

BLUE Commandment Indication of situation in which Intervention required

operating personnel must
to trade

GREEN Normal Normal situation If desired

WHITE Neutral Other situations; can become Surveillance

used when in doubt
application of RED, YELLOW,
GREEN BLUE

On signal columns on machines, the order of the colors applied is preferably as

follows, from top to bottom: RED, YELLOW, BLUE, GREEN and WHITE.

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3.6.2 IP Degrees

- IP degree of the terminals: IP2X according to EN 60529

- IP degree becomes 66 if they are built into the corresponding enclosures (class II).

- See EN 60204-1 art. 6.2.2: Push buttons and/or signal lamps on doors must have an IP XXA
have degree.

- Direct touch

✓ Appliances on the door of a board: IPXXA according to EN 6143+-1 and EN 60204-1

✓ Devices elsewhere: IPXXB

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BASIC PRINCIPLES EN 61439-1 ↔ EN 60204-1

- Surroundings

✓ See art. 10.1.3: EN 60204-1

✓ The IP degree can be chosen depending on the external influences present

- Art. 11.3 - Degrees of protection

The protection of switchgear against the ingress of foreign solid particles

and liquids must be adequate, taking into account the external
influences under which the machine is intended to operate (ie location and physical
environmental conditions), and must provide adequate protection against dust,
coolants and chips/swarf.

Enclosures for switchgear must provide a degree of protection of at least

IP22 (see IEC 60529).

Exceptions:

☞ Where an electrical operating room is used as a protective enclosure that protects a

provides a degree of protection sufficient to prevent the ingress of solids and liquids
to counteract.

☞ Where detachable sliding contacts are used on contact wire or busbar systems
and IP22 is not achieved, but the measures of 6.2.5 are applied.

Remark

☞ The following are some examples of applications, along with the degree of protection that
provided by the shell:

• Ventilated casing that contains only a motor starting resistor and other equipment of
large size contains: IP10

• Ventilated enclosure containing other equipment: IP32

• Cover for general industrial applications: IP32, IP43 and IP54

• Casing for use in areas to be cleaned with a low pressure water spray
(hoseed): IP55

• Casing that protects against fine dust: IP65

• Casing containing slip rings: IP2X

Depending on the conditions prevailing at the installation site, a different

degree of protection required

3.6.3 Connections

- They must be suitable for the conductor section.

- In “principle” there is 1 connection under 1 terminal → the manufacturer's instructions must be followed
to become.

- Soldered connections are basically not possible (shock-vibrations).

- The connection conductors must be numbered (see 13.2.1 of EN 602041).

- Shielded conductors can be connected according to the rules of the art +

follow manufacturer's instructions.
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- Take the EMC influences into account at the installation location.

3.6.4 EN 61439-1 ↔EN 60204-1

- The EN 60204-1 refers in art. 10.1.4 to EN 60947.5.1.

- This standard says oa

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Appendix A

Some characteristics according to the category used

Note usage I the I e ifv U e Indicated values

category

Current alternative 120V 240V 380V 480V 500V 600V m B

A150 AC-15 10 6 - - - - - 7200

A300 AC-15 10 6 3 - - - - 7200 720

A600 AC-15 10 6 3 1.9 1.5 1.4 1.2 7200 720

B150 AC-15 5 3 - - - - - 3600 360

B300 AC-15 5 3 1.5 - 3600 360

B600 AC-15 5 3 1.5 0.95 0.75 0.72 0.6 3600 360

C150 AC-15 2.5 1.5 - - - - - 1800

C300 AC-15 2.5 1.5 0.75 - - - - 1800 180

C600 AC-15 2.5 1.5 0.75 0.47 0.375 0.35 0.3 1800 180

D150 AC-14 1.0 0.6 - - - - - 432 72

D300 AC-14 1.0 0.6 0.3 - - - - 432 72

E150 AC-14 0.5 0.3 - - - - - 216 36

Current continuous 125V 250V 400V 500V 600V

N150 DC-13 10 2.2 - - - - 275 275

N300 DC-13 10 2.2 1.1 - - - 275 275

N600 DC-13 10 2.2 1.1 0.63 0.55 0.4 275 275

P150 DC-13 5 1.1 - - - - 138 138

P300 DC-13 5 1.1 0.55 - - - 138 138

P600 DC-13 5 1.1 0.55 0.31 0.27 0.2 138 138

Q150 DC-13 2.5 0.55 - - - - 69 69

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Q300 DC-13 2.5 0.55 0.27 - - - 69 69

Q600 DC-13 2.5 0.55 0.27 0.15 0.13 0.1 69 69

R150 DC-13 1.0 0.22 - - - - 28 28

R300 DC-13 1.0 0.22 0.1 - - - 28 28

M = close
B = cutting

The letter A or B is the Ithe value + the message ac or dc. See standard. The number after the letter
is the Ui value.

Appendix C

✓Mechanical Life

It is the number of open circuits that an element can withstand or 90%

without repair or replacement of any part.

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✓Electrical Life

It is the number of circuits at FULL that an element can tolerate or 90%

without repair or replacement of any part.

Requirements

Current type usage art. Requirements Interruption

I YOU Cos I YOU Cos

AC 15 10Ie ue 0.7 (1) ie ue 0.4 (1)

Current type usage art. Requirements Interruption

I YOU Cos I YOU Cos

DC 13 ie ue 6P (2) I ue 6P (2)

I e = operating current I = interrupting current

U e = operating voltage U = voltage

P = U e .I e T0.95 = time required to reach 95% of regimen

power in milliseconds.

1. Applies to flushing only. The factor 0.4 applies as a resistance parallel across the coil

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was provided.
2. E.g. 50W. means a 6P of 6 x 50 = 300 milliseconds. During the drawing, the absorbed
power for 300 milliseconds. greater than 50W.

- Art. 8 – Tasting

✓ Onion

A manufacturer must apply the following test voltages, under the conditions
determined by the standard, in order to be able to indicate the following Ui values ​on the nameplate
or in the catalog.

you i You Trial – Eff. Value

U i 60 1 kV

60 < U i 300 2 kV

300 < U i 690 2.5 kV

690 < U i 800 3 kV

800 U i 1 kV 3.5 kV
Other tests: see standard

- EN 61439-1 says:

✓ Art. 7

▪ Ambient temperature should be ≤ 40 °C and the average value over 24 h should be ≤

be 35°C.

▪ The relative humidity may temporarily be 100 % if the ambient temperature

25 °C

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▪ The degree of contamination within which the board may be set up may be max. 3
are. The components should be suitable for a pollution degree 3.

▪ The sign may not be placed higher than 2000 m above sea level;

▪ Special requirements:

See agreement in advance between the user and the panel builder.

✓ Art. 8 – constructive requirements

See certificates and/or technical specifications of each component specified by the

manufacturer and the necessary conditions to be fulfilled at the place of installation.

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✓ Specific requirements can be according to art. 7+8:

▪ Corrosion Resistance

▪ Thermal stability

▪ Resistance to Radiations

▪ Mechanical sturdiness

▪ Air and creepage distances

▪ Protection against direct contact

▪ Electrical Separators

▪ Maintenance conditions

▪ Etc.

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3.7 Equipotential bonding

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3.7.1 Features

- Equipotential bonding conductors (PVG) are bare or yellow-green. At least, yellow-green at

preference.

- The EN 61439-1 says regarding the section of the PE's in the board:

Minimum section of the external copper

Section phases in mm² Pe conductors

S ≤ 16 s

16 <S ≤ 35 16

35 < S 400 S/2

400 < S 800 200

800 < S S/4

Annex B of the standard says with regard to the PE section.

k²S² ≥ I²cc.t or

I
S PE ≥ cc t
k

The factor k can be chosen as follows:

PVC XLPE Butyl rubber

End temperature 160 °C 250°C 220 °C

Sheath or conductor k

Copper 143 176 166

Aluminium 95 116 110

Steel 52 64 60

The initial temperature was determined to be 30°C.

Art. 8.4 of the sign standard describes the conditions to which the
equipotential bonding system (PVI).

- Metal parts with an area S < 5x5 cm must not be earthed.

- Metal parts in the board that are UNREACHABLE must not be grounded.

- Screws, rivets, nameplates should not be grounded.

- Missing, varnished, painted metal parts form no or insufficient insulation. They have to
ie be grounded.

- The PVI should be given the greatest attention.

- In principle, the PE installation must not be interruptible.

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3.7.2 IP Degrees

Does not apply

3.7.3 Connections

- 1 PE conductor is always connected under 1 terminal.

- PE conductors can be numbered. They can be found on the schedule.

- Intermediate connections are not allowed.

- You save a connection box and a connection device. These are camels of offenses and
can never end up in the comments section. See AREI art. 207.07 + 70.04.

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- Only 1 conductor goes under 1 terminal, unless according to the manufacturer's instructions (LSRL
7./23/EG – he determines the permitted use) several conductors are allowed.

Conductors of different sections can usually not according to the rules of the art
be clamped under 1 clamp (AREI 207.07).

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3.7.4 EN 61439-1 EN 60204-1

- EN 61439-1: see characteristics

- EN 60204-1 - art. 8

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- This standard refers in art. 8.2 to the EN 61439-1 regarding the section of the PE.

- The section of the PE conductors is a function of the grid system and must therefore be calculated
if it concerns an IT or TN network. The section of PE conductors in TT networks: see AREI art.
72 + 73 + 81

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- According to EN 60204-1, the PE installation consists of:

✓ PE connection terminal

✓ PE conductors to ground

✓ Touchable conductive parts

✓Conductive Structural Parts

✓ Foreign conductive parts forming the structure of the machine

- Each connection point for PE pipes is indicated with the symbol:

or with the letters PE

or via the color yellow-green

- Art. 13.2 says:

✓ A PE is characterized by:
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▪ Or yellow-green color

▪ Or shape of the PE

▪ Whether the location of the PE

▪ Or designation via Arabic numerals

✓ Shape: eg middle core of an aluminum pipe.

✓ Location: e.g. middle conductor of a FGM/C pipeline

✓ Marking: e.g. cores marked with the number 1 are PE conductors

✓ Basically:

▪ Yellow-green must be present over the entire length

▪ Yellow-green ratio 30-70 %

▪ If the PE is NOT easily accessible, only the TIPS yellow-

be green.

3.8 External piping

3.8.1 Features

- The EN 6143-1 has no “EXTERNAL pipes”. The EN 60204-1 speaks in art. 12 left
external pipes.

Are allowed:

✓ Art. 12.3 Insulation

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Types of insulation include:

▪ Polyvinyl chloride (PVC)

▪ Natural rubber and synthetic rubber

▪ Silicone Rubber (Sir)

▪ Mineral substances

▪ Cross-linked polyethylene (XLPE)

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▪ Ethylene propylene composition (EPR).
ALL pipes with the above-mentioned insulation and conforming to an EN or IEC standard or
conforming to a HD may be used if they are in accordance with the
existing external influences.

Cables in accordance with an NBN-EN can of course also be selected if they are
are permitted in relation to external influences.

Cables only in accordance with an NBN may IF there is no relevant EN standard or HD

consists.

- EN 60204-1 must be greatly simplified with regard to the AREI due to the permitted
current Iz through a pipe.

Table 6 – examples of the allowable current (Iz) of copper conductors or cables

with PVC insulation at constant load and at an ambient temperature of +40°C at
different methods of construction

Installation method
B1 B2 C E
Intersection Maximum allowable current I Z for three-phase circuits
mm 2 Amp
0.75 8.6 8.5 9.8 10.4
1.0 10.3 10.1 11.7 12.4
1,5 13.5 13.1 15.2 16.1
2.5 18.3 17.4 21 22
4 24 23 28 30
6 31 30 36 37
10 44 40 50 52
16 59 54 66 70
25 77 70 84 88
35 96 86 104 110
50 117 103 125 133
70 149 130 160 171
95 180 156 194 207
120 208 179 225 240
electronics
(pairs)
0.2 N/A 4.3 4.4 4.4
0.5 N/A 7.5 7.5 7.8
0.75 N/A 9.0 9.5 10

Notes 1. The values ​of the maximum allowable current of table 6 are based on
- One symmetrical three-phase circuit for cross-section of 0.75 mm² and more
- One pair of control circuits for cross-sections between 0.2 mm² and 0.75 mm²
Where more stressed cables/pairs are installed, reduce the value of table 6 according to D.2 or

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D.3
2. For ambient temperatures other than +40°C, correct the allowable current using
of the values ​of table D.1.
3. These values ​do not apply to flexible pipes wound on drums.
4. For the ratings for the allowable current of other cables, see HD 384.5.52.

- Flexible (flexible) pipes are allowed if they are of class 5 or 6 (many thin
twisted veins).

IEC 60228 – Classification – Flexibility

- 1st Class solid core, e.g. VOB (H07V-U) up to e.g. 10 mm²

- Class 2 twisted core, e.g. XVB 120 mm²

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- Class 5 fine-wire flexible conduit, e.g. H07RN-F

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Specific cables

- XVB

✓ NAD National acceptance document – ​IEC 502 . transposition

✓ Installation can be done up to 0°C

I SO XVB > I SO FVO
Reason: max. operating temperature is 90 °C instead of 70 °C for VVB

✓ Domestic + industrial applications, provided the external influences are respected

to become.

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- XFVB

error

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✓ EN 187000-1995: Main Specification for Fiber Optic Cable

✓ I SO XFVB > I SO VFVB
✓ Domestic and industrial applications, provided that the external influences present
be respected.

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- EXVB

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✓ I SO EXVB > I SO EVVB

✓ Domestic and industrial applications.

Please note:

▪ F1 = flame retardant

✓ Respect existing external influences.

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- Pireflex H07RN-F

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✓ OZONE resistant cable

✓ Cable resistant to AG3 + AH3

✓ Usage:

▪ Immersion AD8

▪ Cranes, lifts, etc

▪ Temporary installations

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BASIC PRINCIPLES EN 61439-1 ↔ EN 60204-1

3.8.2 IP Degrees

Not applicable for the NAMED pipe.

3.8.3 connections

Not applicable for the NAMED pipe.

3.8.4 EN 61439-1 EN 60204-1

Does not apply

3.9 engines

3.9.1 Features

Construction standard – EN 60034.1

- The standard applies to engines and alternators.

- The rating plate should contain the following information:

✓ brand

type

✓ serial number

✓ power in kW or hp

✓ number of poles pairs

✓ frequency and rotational speed in rpm.

✓ power factor

✓ possible circuits

✓ insulation class

✓ IP degree

✓ construction standard

- Overload protection is a must

Overload protection can be guaranteed by:

✓ temperature monitoring of the windings;

✓ current monitoring of the windings;

✓ provide both protections.

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- Temperature limits of the insulation

✓ The resistance of the insulation depends on thermal, electrical and mechanical

influences, from harmful atmospheric influences (e.g. humidity), from the resistance
to chemicals and pollution of all kinds.

✓ The insulation materials have a good service life under normal operating conditions
if the limit temperature for the corresponding insulation class according to EN 60034.1
is not exceeded.

3.9.2 Electric motors and associated equipment

The EN 61439-1 has no motors. The EN 60204-1 talks about motors.

3.9.2.1 General demands

Electric motors should meet the requirements of IEC 60034 series.

The protection requirements for motors and associated equipment are listed with
related to:

✓ overcurrent protection: art. 7.2

✓ overload protection: art. 7.3

✓ max. speed: art. 7.6

✓ do not interrupt feeding art. 5.3 – 5.4 – 5.5

✓ undervoltage: art. 7.5

✓ excessive speed: art. 7.6

✓ control on errors: art. 9.4

3.9.2.2 Motor housings

See EN 60034.5

3.9.2.3 Motor Dimensions

See EN 60072 series.

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3.9.2.4 Edit

- ensure shielding.

- easy maintenance and inspection must be possible.

- all terminal boxes must be accessible.

- lubrication, adjustment must be easily possible.

- cooling must be guaranteed.

- Ventilation holes should prevent chips, dust or whatever from entering.

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- engine compartments must:

✓ be kept clean and dry

✓ remain as a sub-fund.

3.9.2.5 Engines are chosen based on:

- engine type

- duty cycle type

- fixed or varying speed (and the resulting fluctuating influence of the

ventilation)

- mechanical vibrations;

- type of motor starting device;

- influence of the higher harmonics of the voltage and/or current feeding the motor (with
especially when powered by a static converter) on the temperature increase;

- method of starting and possible influence of the inrush current on the operation of
other consuming appliances on the same power supply, also taking into account
taking into account possible special provisions of the electricity company;

- fluctuation of the reaction torque in time and speed;

- influence of loads with large mass moments of inertia;

- influence of constant torque or constant power operation;

- any need for chokes between the motor and converter.

3.9.3 IP degrees
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The protection of switchgear against the ingress of foreign solid particles

and liquids must be adequate, taking into account the external
influences under which the machine is intended to operate (ie location and physical
environmental conditions), and must provide adequate protection against dust,
coolants and chips/swarf.

Exceptions:

☞ Where an electrical operating room is used as a protective enclosure that protects a

provides a degree of protection sufficient to prevent the ingress of solids and liquids
to counteract.

☞ Where detachable sliding contacts are used on contact wire or busbar systems
and IP22 is not achieved, but the measures of 6.2.5 are applied.

Note

☞ The following are some examples of applications, along with the degree of protection that
provided by the shell:

• Ventilated casing that contains only a motor starting resistor and other equipment of
large size contains: IP10

• Ventilated enclosure containing other equipment: IP32

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• Casing for general industrial applications IP32, IP43 and IP54

• Casing for use in areas to be cleaned with a low pressure water spray
(hose down) IP55

• Casing that protects against fine dust IP65

• Casing containing slip rings IP2X

Depending on the conditions prevailing at the installation site, a different

degree of protection required.

Installation Standards

The board

- The requirements described in EN 60204.1 should be imposed with regard to the board.

- The board itself should be class 1, according to EN 60536.1.

- The main switch, in accordance with EN 60947.2 user category AC23, and suitable for
separation, according to EN 60947.3 should be provided in the board judiciously.

Engine plate

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✓ IEC 34 → must be IEC 60034-1

✓ 73/.3/EEC → is OLD low voltage directive

✓ Insulation class: presumably B

✓IP54

✓P = 4 kW

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3.10 Sockets and lighting

3.10.1 Sockets
3.10.1.1 Features

- Construction standard: EN 60309-1

- IP degree – IEC 60529

Common IP Degrees: IP44 – IP54 IP67

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- Fire and heat resistance EN 60695-1
- Indications:

2P +

3P +

3P + N +

- Colors based on Unnominal

The color of a socket corresponds to a certain operating voltage.

✓ 24 V: lilac (20 to 25 V)

✓ 42 V: white (40 to 50 V)

✓ 110 V: yellow (100 to 130 V)

✓ 230 V: blue (200 to 250 V)

✓ 400 V: red (380 to 480 V)

✓ 500 V: Black (500 to 690 V)

High Frequency Sockets

✓ Green: (100 to 500 Hz)

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- Industrial sockets - embodiments

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We distinguish: built-in socket, wall socket, appliance socket,

connector, plug.

3.10.1.2 IP Degrees

- Art. 15.1 of EN 60204-1 refers only to IEC 60309-1.

- These outlets generally have an IP rating of at least 44.

- It is once again the results of the external influencing factors that will be decisive
for the IP degree of the permitted socket.

3.10.1.3 Connections

- These are done with pipes in accordance with the philosophy described in art. 12 of the EN 60204-1.

- Connections can be made via:

XVB

EXVB

VVB

EVAVB and other equivalent pipes, in accordance with the relevant EN standards, HD or
IEC standards.

- The PE connection is mandatory, except for the sockets on PELV.

PELV = Protected extra low voltage

= protected extra low voltage

= ZLBS

- Socket circuits must be protected against SHORT CIRCUIT + OVERLOAD.

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- “IF” outlets are powered from a circuit, TRUNK before the

NET SEPARATOR, then the following applies:

✓ Overcurrent protection must have a breaking capacity equal to that of the

mains disconnect.

✓ Connection must be IPXXB

✓ Connection must have

✓ Sockets must be IPXXB or better

- a notice to the same effect must be included in the maintenance manual and
one or more of the following provisions apply:

✓ there must be a permanent warning sign are fitted in the

proximity to any circuit that does not require separation, as defined in
this standard, or

✓ the power circuit that does not need to be separated must be separated from others
power circuits or

✓ the power conductors must be marked with colours, with the recommendation orange
choosing wires should be taken into account.

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3.10.1.4 EN 61439-1 EN 60204-1

- The sign standard does not specifically describe the conditions for socket and
lighting circuits.

- EN 60204-1 says in art. 6.4 - Protection using PELV

✓ Art. 6.4.1 General requirements

The purpose of protective extra low voltage (PELV) is to protect persons

against electric shock by indirect contact and by direct contact with a surface
of limited size

PELV chains must meet all of the following conditions:

a) the rated voltage shall not exceed:

▪ 25 V AC current value or 60 V DC voltage without ripple,

when the equipment is normally used in dry places and when no
large contact area of ​active parts with the human body is to be expected
or

▪ 6 V AC rms value or 15 V DC ripple free, in all

other cases;

Note

☞ The term without ripple is defined as a sinusoidal ripple whose effective

value is a maximum of 10 % of the nominal DC voltage.

b) one side of the circuit or one point of the power supply of that circuit
must be connected to the protection chain;

c) active parts of PELV circuits must be electrically separated from other

active circuits. The electrical separation must not be less than required
between the primary and secondary circuits of a safety transformer
(see IEC 61558-1 and IEC 61558-2-6);

d) power conductors of each PELV chain must be physically separated from those of
other power circuits. If this is not possible, other appropriate measures can be taken.

e) plugs and sockets for a PELV circuit must comply with the following
to fulfil:

1) plugs must not fit into sockets on circuits with a

other voltage;

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2) sockets may not fit plugs of circuits with
a different tension.

✓ Art. 6.4.2 PELV sources

Protective Extra Low Voltage (PELV) must be obtained from one of the
following sources:

▪ a safety transformer according to IEC 61558-1 and IEC 61558-2-6;

▪ a power source with a degree of safety equivalent to that of a

safety transformer (for example, a motor generator with a winding that
ensures an equal separation);

▪ an electrochemical source (for example, a battery) or other source that

is independent of a higher voltage circuit (for example, a through a
diesel engine driven generator);

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▪ an electronic power supply that meets appropriate standards that take

describe measures to ensure that, even in the event of an internal defect, the
voltage at the output terminals does not exceed the values ​specified in 6.4.1
can exceed.

- Types of transformers

✓ Separation transformer

An isolation transformer is a transformer with functional isolation between

primary and secondary windings and in which the risk of breakdown between primary and secondary
secondary windings cannot be ruled out.

✓ Protection transformer

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A protective transformer is a transformer whose primary and secondary

windings are electrically separated by double or reinforced insulation in order to
current path, fed by the secondary winding, to limit the risks in the event of accidental
simultaneous contact between the mass and the active parts or the parts that can be active
in the event of an insulation fault.

Note:

☞ a special protective transformer is the one in which Usec ≤ U L .

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✓ ZLS

✓ SELFS

ZLS + art. 80, 81, 82 or 75, 76, 77 + Up ≥ 1.5 kV 1 min.

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✓ SELV

✓ ZLBS

ZLBS is Very Low Safety Voltage in a TN-S grid configuration.

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- EN 61558.1 and some markings

EN 61558.1 determines when which symbol may be applied to a transformer. The

norm contains several tables that are referenced.

The heating of the transformer must always be less than ... to prevent fire.

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Definitions Test
according to art. 14 Safety feature Parting

Not dangerous in There is either no May be featured

case of malfunction flame or they go
out of use

Resistant by Warming is >

construction table values

Not resistant Warming is > References in indication of the protective equipment

table values ​as
instructions followed
be, ie 315
put mA

Other means Built-in References and indications of the protective equipment

(interchangeable) overload protection
because of which it
medium (thermal)
have to work
according to the
table conditions

Other means Short-circuit proof through

(not construction
interchangeable)

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BASIC PRINCIPLES EN 61439-1 ↔ EN 60204-1

3.10.2 Lighting
3.10.2.1 Features

- Lighting devices must comply with EN 60598-1.

- The on-off switch must NOT be included in the lamp holder or in the flexible
connecting cable.

- Lighting fixtures, if of class 1, can be grounded in accordance with the rules of the art.

- Stroboscopic effects should be avoided.

- Possible EMC influences must be taken into account.

3.10.2.2 IP Degrees

- These can be selected depending on the external influences present at the place of installation.

- Incandescent lamps must at least meet the condition IPXXB IF the lamp is
screwed in.

3.10.2.3 Connections

- The lighting device “in” the distribution board can be powered via:

✓ VOBst (H07V-K) in flexible tube

✓ VOBst (H07V-K) in corrugated tube

✓ VTLB (H03VV-F) or CTLB (H05RR-F)

✓ Section ≥ 0.75 mm²

✓Other Equivalent Pipes

- The lighting circuit must only be protected against short circuits. This security must
be chosen AS LOW as possible.

- Lighting devices or installation of the machine itself: see EN 1837.

3.10.2.4 EN 61439-1 EN 60204-1

- The sign standard does not recognize “lighting” as such.

- The EN 60204-1 says in art. 15.2.2 - power supply:

The nominal voltage of the local lighting must not exceed 250 V between
the conductors.

It is recommended to choose a voltage of no more than 50 V between the conductors.

Lighting circuits must be powered from one of the following sources:

✓ a specially designed isolation transformer which is connected to the

load side of the mains disconnector. In the secondary circuit, overcurrent protection
present;

✓ a specially designed isolation transformer which is connected to the

mains side of the mains separator. This source is only allowed in lighting circuits
for the purpose of

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✓ maintenance work in enclosures with control devices. In the secondary

power circuit must be provided with overcurrent protection;

✓ a machine circuit with specially designed overcurrent protection;

✓ an isolation transformer connected to the mains side of the mains disconnector, with in
the primary circuit has a specially designed mains disconnector and in the
secondary circuit has an overcurrent protection and mounted in the casing with
control devices next to the mains disconnector;

✓ a lighting circuit with external power supply (e.g. power supply for
factory lighting). This is only allowed in enclosures with control devices and
for machine lighting where the total power of the machine is no longer
than 3 kW.

If the power supply is via a separate circuit, branched off before the mains disconnector: see 3.10.1.4:
sockets.

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3.11 Schedules, data and certificates

3.11.1 Schematics EN 60204-1 art. 17

- Schedules are a must: see art. 17.2.b4 + 2b5 and the AREI art. 16.

- Schematics should be drawn according to EN 61082-1+2.

- Art. 17.3 of the standard says:

Unless otherwise agreed between manufacturer and user:

✓ the documentation must be in accordance with the relevant parts of EN 61082;

✓ Reference designations must be in accordance with the relevant parts of EN

61346;

✓ instructions and/or manuals must be in accordance with EN 62079;

✓ any bill of materials must be in accordance with EN 62027, class B.

- Art. 17 - Technical documentation

✓ Art. 17.1 General

The information necessary for installation, operation and maintenance of the electrical
equipment of a machine, must be provided in a suitable form, e.g.
drawings, diagrams, charts, diagrams, tables and instructions. This information
must be delivered in the agreed language (see Annex B).

The information provided may be adapted to the complexity of the electrical

equipment.

For very simple equipment, the relevant information may be in one document
provided that this document shows all elements of the electrical equipment and provides sufficient
is to make the connection to the mains supply.

✓ Art.17.2 Information to be provided

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The information to be provided with the electrical equipment shall include at least:

a) a main document (BOM or list of documents);

b) additional documents, including:

1) a clear, complete description of the equipment, installation and assembly,

as well as the connection to the electrical supply(s);

2) set requirements for the electrical power supply(s);

3) information about the physical environment (e.g. lighting, vibration, contaminants in

the ambient air), where applicable;

4) block diagrams, where applicable;

5) circuit diagram(s);

6) where applicable, information about:

• programming, if necessary for the use of the equipment;
• control order;
• inspection intervals;

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• frequency and method of functional testing;

• instructions on adjustment, maintenance and repair, especially of
the protection devices and circuits;

• a list of recommended spare parts and

• a list of included tools.

7) a description including connection diagrams of the

security means, interlocking functions and interlocking of
protections against hazards, especially with coordinated
cooperating machines;

8) a description of the security and the means available for that purpose, where
it is necessary to disable the protection, e.g. before
adjustments or maintenance;

9) instructions on the procedures to secure the machine for the purpose of

maintenance;

10) processing, transportation and storage information;

11) information on load currents, peak starting currents and the allowed
voltage drop, if applicable;

12) information on the residual risks as a result of the taken

protective measures, indication whether any specific training is required
and specification of any necessary protective equipment for

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persons.

✓ Art. 17.3 Requirements for all documentation

Unless otherwise agreed between manufacturer and user:

▪ the documentation must be in accordance with the relevant parts of IEC

61082;

▪ reference designations must be in accordance with the relevant parts of

IEC 61346;

▪ instructions and/or manuals must be in accordance with IEC 62079;

▪ Any bill of materials must be in accordance with IEC 62027, Class B.

In order to refer to the various documents, the supplier must use one of the
choose the following methods:

▪ where the documentation includes a small number of documents (e.g. less than five)
each of the documents for the purpose of mutual reference
(cross-reference) bear the document numbers of all other
documents relating to the electrical equipment or

▪ for master documents on only one level, all documents with

document number and name are included in a drawing or document list
or

▪ all documents at a certain level of the documentation structure must be

document number and name are included in a bill of materials relating to
the same level.

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✓ Art. 17.4 Installation Documents

The installation documents must contain all the information needed to prepare
of setting up the machine, including commissioning. In complex
cases it may be necessary to refer to the assembly drawings for details.

The recommended location, type and cross-section of the on-site installation

power cables must be clearly marked.

The data needed to determine the type, characteristics, assigned flows, and
adjustment of it(s) at the point of supply of the electrical equipment of the
machine.

Where necessary, dimensions, purpose and location of conduit ducts in the foundation in which
the user must provide, be indicated in detail.

Dimensions, type and purpose of conduit ducts, cable racks or cable supports
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between the machine and the associated equipment to be provided by the user,
must be specified in detail (see Annex B).

Where necessary, the drawing must indicate in which places space is required to
to be able to remove or carry out maintenance on the electrical equipment.

In addition, where applicable, a connection diagram or

wiring list. This schedule or list must contain complete information about all
external connections.

Where the electrical equipment is designed to operate on different

mains voltages, must be indicated on the connection diagram or wiring list
changes or jumpers are indicated that are necessary for the use of the
relevant food.

✓ Art. 17.5 Overview diagrams and function diagrams

Where it is necessary for a better understanding of the operating principles, a

overview schedule are provided. An overview diagram shows the electrical
equipment in symbols, together with its functional coherence, without
all interconnections need to be shown.

✓ Art. 17.6 Circuit diagrams

One or more circuit diagrams must be provided.

This/these diagram(s) must show the circuits on the machine and the associated circuits
display electrical equipment.

Any graphic symbols not included in IEC 60617-DB:2001 must be

are shown separately and are described in the diagrams or in additional
documents.

The symbols for and designation of parts and devices 'must be used in all
documents and applied consistently on the machine.

Where applicable, a diagram should be provided showing the terminals for

displays interface connections;

For simplification, this diagram may be used together with the connection terminals for
interface connections.

This diagram may be used together with the circuit diagram(s) for simplification
used.

The terminal diagram should contain a reference to the

detailed circuit diagram of each displayed unit.

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On the electromechanical diagrams, symbols for switches and

switching functions are shown in the state where all facilities (e.g.
electricity, lunch, water, lubricant) are turned off and the machine and

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associated electrical equipment is in the normal starting position.
Current conductors must be marked according to 13.2.

Circuits must be displayed in such a way that their function can be easily understood
understood and easy to maintain and troubleshoot
take place.

Functional properties of the control devices and components not apparent from
the symbol used, must be included in the diagrams next to the symbol, or there
should be referenced in a footnote.

✓ Art. 17.7 Operating manual

The technical documentation must also include an operating manual which

contains comprehensive and proper procedures for installing and using the
equipment. Particular attention should be given to the affected
safety precautions.

Where equipment operation can be programmed, extensive

information about programming methods, required equipment,
program control and (where necessary) additional security procedures.

✓ Art. 17.8 Maintenance manual

The technical documentation must also include an operating manual which

contains comprehensive and sound procedures for adjustment, maintenance, preventive
check and repair. Recommendations on frequency and reporting
about maintenance and repair should be included in this manual.
If methods of verifying proper operation have been given, the use of
these methods have been described in detail.

✓ Art. 17.9 Parts lists

Where bills of materials are provided, they must contain at least information that
necessary for ordering spare or replacement parts (e.g.
parts, devices, software, testing equipment, technical
documentation), required for preventive or corrective maintenance including
those parts that the equipment user is advised to keep in stock
to keep.

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3.12 Checks and tests

3.12.1 Controls
3.12.1.1 According to EN 60204-1 art. 18

- The check should include:

✓ Check that the electrical installation corresponds to the technical documentation.

✓ Inspection regarding protection against indirect contact

✓ Insulation resistance measurement

✓ Voltage Test

✓ Residual voltage check

✓ FUNCTIONAL TESTS

3.12.1.2 According to EN 61439-1 art.10

- Checking on:

✓ Robustness of materials, resistance to corrosion, insulation, resistance to the

sunbeams + data plates

✓ IP degrees

✓ Short-circuit resistance

✓ Temperature Resistance

✓EMC

✓ Air and creepage distances

✓ Etc.

3.12.2 Who carries out the checks?

- The panel or machine builder must in any case carry out a check before the CE
marking can be applied to his machine or the sign he offers for sale.

- A sign that is a “part” of a machine must be SAFE before it is delivered

to the machine builder. A CE marking does not have to be on the sign, the "certificate of"
conformity” with EN 61439-1 or EN 60204-1 is required.

- These checks and tests can be carried out by “a competent” or

representative of a recognized body.

- Later in Belgium, on the basis of the AREI art. 270, a mandatory check before
commissioning.

Note:

☞ A sign is safe (AREI art. 7) if it has been built in accordance with EN 61439-1, for example. One

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FULL certificate, dated and signed by an AUTHORIZED AUTHORITY is then sufficient.

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Please note:

☞ The CONNECTIONS and their relationship to the installed OVERCURRENT PROTECTORS are covered
OUTSIDE the responsibility of the certificate presented.

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4 Attachments
4.1 Brief overview of both standards

This overview shows the most important terms and conditions from both standards in terms of content.

EN 61439-1 EN 60204-1

To be HARMONIZED 61439-1 Is harmonized

Is HARMONIZED 60439-1

Art. 1 field of application Art. 1 field of application

Art. 2 normative references Art. 2 normative references

Art. 3 definitions (extended definitions) Art. 3 definitions

Art. 4 symbols and recommendations Art. 4 general requirements

Art. 5 Interface characteristics Art. 5 terminals for incoming

supply lines, disconnectors and switches
peak

icw

icc

Art. 6 information Art. 6 protection against:

license plate Direct touch

Instructions Indirect touch

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Art. 7 environmental conditions external Art. 7 Flood Protection
influences
Protection against deviating temperatures
Pollution Degrees
Over-speed protection
Height
Lightning protection
Transport
Undervoltage protection

Art. 8 constructive requirements Art. 8 equipotential bonding

Protection against corrosion

Protection against instability

Protection against mechanical influences

Air and creepage distances

Protection against electric shock

Internal components and switching elements

Internal connections and circuits

Cooling

Connection points for external

Art. 9 dielectric properties Art. 9 control circuits

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Onion 9.1 basic philosophy

uimp 9.2 start-stop function

Temperature Emergency stop function

icc Wireless control

Io Dual control

EMC 9.3 Locks Blocks

9.4 control functions in case of faults

Art. 10 design conditions Art. 10 control interface +

control devices
Generalities
Push buttons
IP degrees
Signal lamps
Number plates
Emergency stop devices

Art. 11 routine checks and tests Art.11 switchgear + arrangement

Attachments Art. 12 electrical lines

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Art. 13 installation methods
Generalities

Identification of:

Current conductors

neutrals

PE conductor

Wiring “outside sheaths”

Art. 14 electric motors + accessories

Art. 15 sockets + lighting

Art. 16 nameplates + icons +

references

Art. 17 technical documentation

Art.18 tests and checks

Attachments

4.2 Important icons

Danger of electric Danger Falling due to height difference

voltage

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Laser beam Oxidizing agents Non-ionizing radiation

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Important magnetic field To trip

Do not touch Don't get too close Forbidden to switch

4.3 Calculation example

4.3.1 TN-S Calculation example

Facts

- HV/LV transformer I and 1000 A U CC 3% P = 630 kVA

R T 3 milli
X T 6 milli

- Grid configuration TN-S

- General power separator in main board X

✓ Thermally set to 1000 A

✓ Magnetic on 15 kA

✓ Breaking capacity 30 kA

- Barenstel with various rooms, of which room A:

✓ PVC cable 3 x 120 + 70 + 70

✓ length 100 m

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✓ security 200 x 0.90 thermal

3 kA magnetic
16 kA breaking capacity

- Secondary board Y supplied via cable A contains switch-disconnector

✓ supply to machine Z – load 95 A

✓ cable B (PVC cable 3 x 50 + 25 +25 )

✓ length 50 m

✓ security 100 A thermal

1.5 kA magnetic
10 kA breaking capacity EN 60947.2

- Placement Methods

✓ Cable A > 6 cables – open trough

✓ Cable B 2 cables – open trough

✓ Ambient temperature 25°C

- Wanted!

1. Overload protection OK?

2. Breaking capacity OK?

3. Indirect Touch OK?

4. Short circuit protection OK?

5. Operating current in relation to I z OK?

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- Calculations

1. Overload

Basic formula :

IB≤IN≤IZ

We choose I B = I N

• We calculate I Z

I Z = I SO . f w . f t

Cable A = 269 x 1.06 x 0.79 = 225 A (table 52C- 52D – 52E)

Cable B = 131 x 1.06 x 0.88 = 140 A (table 52C – 52D – 52E)

• Or for cable A one obtains:

180 180 225 A

for cable B this becomes

100 100 140 A

Conclusion: The overload protection is OK

Note:

☞ If fuses are to be installed, an additional 2 formulas can be applied;

with fuses, the difference between I N and I Z must be large, or it will fail. How big? 25
at 50%.

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- 400V

✓ If Usec 3x400 V, the values ​in these tables apply.

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630 kVA means an R of ± 3 to 3.5 m

an X of ± 6 m at a Ucc of 3%.

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2. Short-circuit protection

The short-circuit power: must be calculated

Breaking capacity is characteristic of overcurrent protection to an I CC safely

interrupt.

P SHUTDOWN ≥ P SHORT CIRCUIT

2.1 breaking capacity

2.1.1 In board X

I n × 100 ×
I cc max = = 1000 100 = 33 kA
YOU
cc 3
I CC tripping selected was 30 kA → so wrong

I magn. threshold is 15 kA

2.1.2 In board Y

I CC max at the end of cable A (table 52F)

R F = 0.153 x 100 = 15 milli

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X F = 0.063 x 100 = 6 milli

R T = 3 milli x X T = 6 milli

YOU
I cc =
l

( ++
1533 + ) ( ) 66
2
2

400= 400
I cc = = 11 kA
3 324 + 144 374.0

Notes

☞ Cable B has a power separator of which I CC is 10 kA.

This is wrong:

• whether 10 kA according to EN 60898 is provided

• whether 15 kA according to EN 60947.2 is provided.

☞ Cable A has a circuit breaker with a breaking capacity of 16 kA. This is wrong . Without affiliate
this should be > 33 kA.

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2.1.3 I CC max to machine

R FB = 0.387 x 50 = 19 ms (table 52F)

x FB = 0.066 x 50 = 3 milli (table 52F)

YOU
l
I cc
3 (R t
+ Ra + RB ) (+
2
Xt + X a + X B) 2

400
I cc = = 9.5 kA
73.1 × (18 + 19 ) (+
2
312+ )2

The planned breaking capacity was 10 kA → OK

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TN-S

Plate X
Rails ALSB

Departure A

Phase impedance
L1 – L2 – L3 -

Secondary
plate Y

Phase impedance
L1 – L2 – L3 – N
Cable B

short circuit

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3. Smallest Icc (in B)

We know the impedance of L1A:

R L1 = 15 m (see 2.1.2)

X L1 = 6 m (see 2.1.2)

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We know the impedance of L1B

R L2 = 19 m (see 21.3)

X L2 = 3 m (see 2.1.3)

R TRAFO = 3 m

X TRAFO = 6 m

We now calculate R PE A + R PE B ;

R PE A = 0.268 x 100 = 27 m (table 52F)

R PE B = 0.727 x 50 = 36 m (table 52F)

235
Error =
++
153( 19 + 27 + )()36+ X
2

In practice, when it comes to indirect touch, we are usually allowed to omit X.

For the sake of simplification, we therefore do it, or

235
Error = = 2.3 kA
1.0

If a direct insulation fault occurs in B, resistance 0 , then 2.3 kA will flow

from A via L1A - L1B and back through R PE B + R PE A – via C to A.

The overcurrent protection auto Y switches off magnetically (ie at ± 30 to 50 msec) at

a current of 1.5 kA

2.3 kA > 1.5 kA

That is, in conditions BB1 and BB2 (table 52H there is no problem).

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Let's consider:

Uc = (R T + R PE A + R PE B ) x If error

Uc = 6 + 15 + 19 m . 2300 = 0.04 x 2300 = 92 V

According to table 52 H, 100 v in BB1 conditions may be touched for 0.4 sec.

The shutdown occurs at 50 msec.

Rterre
C a

TN-S

R PE A L1A

vending machine Y

R PE B

L1B

B
B
z
B

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Summary

- Overload protection

Cable A 180 < 225 → OK

Cable B 100 < 140 → OK

- Breaking capacity

General mains disconnector: Icc power too low

The more Ucc increases, the more Icc decreases

- Indirect touch:

Uc = ± 100 V

BB1 and BB2 Conditions → OK

- Short circuit protection

I cc 33000
S t = 05.0
k 115
S 290 x 0.223 = 65 mm²

There is a 70 mm² for PE, so OK.

k : see table 52 K

4.3.2 Tables

- The tables are numbered from 52 A to 52 K. Some of these numberings

correspond to the number from the relevant HD, others do not.

With these tables all pipelines can be calculated, from any Member State, as long as they
conform to the relevant national standard.

The moment HD are on the market containing the conditions for pipes,
presumably new tables are needed.

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a. According to HD 384.5.52

Table 52A - Cables placed in conduit or in closed conduit

WIRE AND CABLES IN CLOSED SYSTEMS

MAXIMUM PERMISSIBLE LOAD FLOW Izo in A

Wire (single core without jacket)

Multi-core cable

Number of wires next to each other

Nominal Number of cores
copper cross section
(mm 2 ) PVC VPE + EPR

2 3 4 2 3 4

1 13.5 12 10.5 17 15 14

1,5 17.5 15.5 14 22 20 18

2.5 24 21 19 30 26 24

4 32 28 25 40 35 32

6 41 36 32 52 46 41

10 57 50 44 72 64 57

16 76 68 59 97 86 77

25 101 89 75 128 113 102

35 125 111 97 158 139 126

50 151 134 - 192 169 152

70 192 171 - 244 215 194

95 232 207 - 295 260 234

120 269 239 - 342 301 271

150 309 275 - 393 347 311

185 353 314 - 448 3952 356

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240 415 369 - 526 465 418

According to NEN 1010 PVC : Polyvinyl chloride

VPE : Cross-linked Polyethylene
EPR : Ethyene-Propylene

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Table 52 B – Correction factors of several cables next to each other in closed system

Distance between cables with diameter D

Number of cables
d<0 0<d<2D

2 0.88 0.95

3 0.84 0.95

4 0.82 0.92

5 0.80 0.91

6 0.79 0.90

D : diameter of thickest cable

d : smallest distance between 2 cables

Table 52C – Open system cables on cable racks – tension wires and others –
ambient temperature 30 °C

CABLES IN OPEN SYSTEMS

MAXIMUM PERMISSIBLE LOAD FLOW Izo in A

PVC VPE + EPR

Nominal
copper cross section Number of cores Number of cores
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(mm 2 )
1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4

1 19 15 13.5 12 23 19 17 15

1,5 24 19.5 17.5 15.5 29 24 22 20

2.5 33 26 24 21 40 33 30 26

4 45 35 32 28 55 45 40 35

6 58 46 41 36 71 58 52 46

10 80 63 57 50 98 81 72 64

16 107 85 76 68 131 108 97 86

25 142 112 101 89 173 143 128 113

35 175 138 125 111 215 176 158 139

50 212 168 151 134 259 214 192 169

70 270 213 192 171 330 272 244 215

95 327 258 232 207 399 330 295 260

120 379 299 269 239 462 382 342 301

150 435 344 309 275 531 438 393 347

185 496 392 353 314 607 500 448 395

240 584 461 415 369 713 589 526 465

According to NEN 1010 PVC : Polyvinyl chloride

VPE : Cross-linked Polyethylene
EPR : Ethyene-Propylene

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Table 52D – Additional correction factors if several cables are next to each other in open
system

single core multi-core

Number of cables PVC XLPE EPR PVC XLPE EPR

d<0 0<d<2D d<0 0<d<2D

2 0.89 0.91 0.88 0.98

3 0.79 0.83 0.84 0.96

4 0.71 0.74 0.82 0.95

5 - - 0.80 0.94

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6 - - 0.79 0.93

D : diameter of thickest cable

d : smallest distance between 2 cables

b. HD 384.5.523 – Ambient Temperatures

Table 52E – Reduction factors for ambient air temperatures other than 30°C see
provision 523.1.2)

INSULATION MATERIAL
PVC XLPE and mineral 1)
ENVIRONMENTAL EPR Touchable Not touchable
TEMPERATURE °C
With or without Without PVC jacket
PVC jacket
70 °C 105 °C
10 1.22 1.15 1.26 1.14
15 1.17 1.15 1.20 1.11
20 1.12 1.08 1.14 1.07
25 1.06 1.04 1.07 1.04
30 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00
35 0.94 0.96 0.93 0.96
40 0.87 0.91 0.85 0.92
45 0.79 0.87 0.78 0.88
50 0.71 0.82 0.67 0.84
55 0.61 0.76 0.57 0.80
60 0.50 0.71 0.45 0.75
65 - 0.65 - 0.70
70 - 0.58 - 0.65
75 - 0.50 - 0.60
80 - 0.41 - 0.54
85 - - - 0.47
90 - - - 0.40
95 - - - 0.32
1) at higher temperatures: consult the supplier

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c. Impedance of conductors

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Table 52 F - Impedance of Conductors

copper conductors Aluminum conductors

Section in mm²
Resistance R X in Inductance X K in Resistance R K in Inductance X K in
m/m m/m m/m m/m

2.5 7,280 0.110

4 4.560 0.101 7,540 0.101

6 3.030 0.088 5,010 0.088

10 1,810 0.082 3,000 0.082

16 1,150 0.072 1,890 0.072

25 0.727 0.072 1,200 0.072

35 0.524 0.070 0.868 0.070

50 0.387 0.066 0.641 0.066

70 0.268 0.066 0.443 0.066

95 0.193 0.063 0.320 0.063

120 0.153 0.063 0.253 0.063

150 0.124 0.060 0.206 0.060

185 0.0991 0.060 0.164 0.060

240 0.0754 0.058 0.125 0.058

300 0.0601 0.058 0.100 0.058

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d. Visible impedance of the low voltage cables

Table 52G - Visible impedance of the low voltage cables

Average core temperature 65 °C
Copper Core Cables

cos 0.3 /km cos 0.5 /km cos φ 0.8 /km sections mm 2

NON-ARMOR LOW VOLTAGE CABLES

4.4 7.2 11.5 1,5

2.7 4.4 6.9 2.5

1.7 2.8 4.4 4

1.17 1.9 2.9 6

0.75 1.14 1.7 10

0.48 0.75 1.13 16

0.33 0.5 0.73 25

0.27 0.39 0.54 35

0.22 0.3 0.4 50

0.18 0.235 0.3 70

0.15 0.19 0.23 95

0.14 0.165 0.19 120

0.124 0.15 0.17 150

0.114 0.13 0.14 185

0.103 0.115 0.12 240

0.097 0.105 0.11 300

0.092 0.097 0.096 400

0.098 0.091 0.083 500

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e. Touch voltages in BB1-2-3 conditions

• In this case, the values ​are chosen from the AREI art. 31.

• The EN 60204.1 refers to the HD 384.4.41. Longer times here

allowed for certain voltages than from the AREI

• This philosophy can be taken into account in the decision-making process after a calculation
to become.

Table 52H - Touch Voltages in BB1-2-3 Conditions

Conventional Relative Limit Voltage U L (t) in Volt

Maximum operating time (t) in
seconds BB1 BB2

AC voltage DC voltage AC voltage DC voltage

∞ < 50 < 120 < 25 < 60

5 50 120 25 60

1 72 155 43 89

0.5 87 187 50 105

0.2 207 276 109 147

0.1 340 340 170 175

0.05 465 465 227 227

0.03 520 520 253 253

0.02 543 543 263 263

0.01 565 565 275 275

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f. Value of the constant “k”

• The in point 02 of art. 70 of the AREI value of the constant k

is recorded in the following table:

Table 52K – value of the constant “k”

k values ​for insulated protective conductors that are not part of the cables or for bare
protective conductors in contact with cable sheathing

Conductor material Nature of the insulation of the protective conductor or of the cladding
of the cables

Polyvinyl Chloride Reticulated Butyl rubber (B)

(PVC) polyethylene (PRC),
Ethylene propylene
(EPC)

Copper 143 176 160

Aluminium 95 116 110

Steel 51 64 60

k-values ​for protective conductors that are part of a multi-core cable

Conductor material Nature of the insulation of the protective conductor or of the cladding
of the cables

Polyvinyl Chloride Reticulated Butyl rubber (B)

(PVC) polyethylene (PRC),
Ethylene propylene
(EPC)

Copper 115 143 134

Aluminium 76 94 89

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Placement Conditions
Conductor material Visible and in In buildings
reserved rooms
Without pronounced With fire hazard
fire hazard

Copper 228 159 138

Aluminium 125 105 91

Steel 82 58 50

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4.4 Agreement panel builder and end customer

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4.5 Plates – shapes

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BASIC PRINCIPLES EN 61439-1 ↔ EN 60204-1

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4.6 Test routine

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