TUGAS BAHASA INGGRIS

PART OF SPEECH

Disusun oleh :

Daniel Fernando E Hamboer (20210020)

Sri Puspa Merdekawati (21220021)
Fairuz Ninda Aulia (21220049)
Dafri Lukman (21230001)

FAKULTAS EKONOMIKA DAN BISNIS

UNIVERSITAS JANABADRA
2021
 PART OF SPEECH

Part of speech is a classification of words that are categorized according to their role and
function in a language, a word can mean more than one part when used in different parts,
therefore the part of speech is important to understand. Part of speech is categorized into 8
types, namely noun, pronoun, verb, adverb, adjective, preposition, conjunction, and
interjection.

A. Noun
Noun applies for thing and person, noun can function as subject, object or preposition.
Noun are divided into 7 type:
a. Countable
Countable is all possible objects can be counted with exact numbers, example:
Book, tree, people, cat
b. Uncountable noun
Uncountable noun is something that is impossible to calculate with certainty,
example: milk, water, dust, wind
c. Proper
Proper is as a specific noun refers to the naming of an object, nickname or
name. Example: Sahara, England, Kalimanjaro, Everest
d. Common noun
Common noun is the opposite of a proper noun, a common noun is a word that
means general. Example: island, country, city
e. Abstract
Abstract is express abstract things, example: idea, kindness , imagination
f. Concrete noun
Concrete noun is something tangible and the word is material, example: chair,
table, phone,bag
g. Collective noun
Collective noun is a collective noun or noun or group or group name or refers
to a group of animals, people or things. Example: staff, utensils
B. Pronoun
Pronoun is a word used to replace a noun, pronouns are also used to avoid repeating
words. Pronoun are divided into 7 types:
 Personal pronoun
Personal pronoun used to replace pronouns. Example: I, You, They, We, He,
She, It, Them.
 Demonstrative pronoun
Demonstrative pronoun used to replace pronouns according to the number and
distance, example: this, those, that, these.
 Interrogative pronoun
Interrogative pronoun used to ask questions, example: what, who, whom,
which, whose.
 Relative pronoun
The example of relative pronoun is who, which, whom, whose.
 Indefinite pronoun
Indefinite pronoun is to state things in general, example: none, anything,
someone, everything
 Reflexive pronoun and intensive pronoun
Reflexive pronoun and intensive pronoun is to state that the subject receives
the action of the verb, example: Myself, yourself, ourselves, themselves,
herself.
 Reciprocal pronoun
Reciprocal pronoun is to show the word when two or more of the subjects
perform the same action against each other, example: each other, one another.
C. Verb
Verb is a word that describes an action, action, condition or experience of something.
In Indonesian, verbs are often called verbs because the verb shows the activity of the
subject in the sentence. The verb is the most important part and always appears in
every sentence, each verb usually has three forms: verb 1, verb 2, verb 3.
 Verb I
This verb is the original form of the verb (infinitive) which is usually used in
simple present tense sentences. This verb form is the same as the original verb
 form, but always ends in -s, -es, -ies for the third person singular subject (he,
she, it) in the simple present tense. Example: sleep, cry, studies, go, watches
 Verb II
This verb is usually used in simple past tense sentences and is used when an
action or actions performed are past or past. Usually the second verb is added
-d or -ed from the first verb, but it can also change the form of a different
letter. Therefore, the second verb can be said to be two. Words that add only
-d or -ed are called regular verbs. While the change of letters in the verb is
called an irregular verb.
 The example of regular verbs:

- Called
- Talked
- Achieved
- Enjoyed
 Verb III
The third form of the verb is used for the perfect tense and passive voice
sentences. Verb III is also divided into regular and irregular verbs.
 The example of regular verbs:

- Work – worked – worked
- Prank – pranked – pranked
- Study – studied – studied

D. Adjective
Adjectives are words that function to explain, describe, or limit pronouns or nouns
that are still general. The use of adjectives can be exemplified by the following
phrases.
 Car: general
 Black car: specific
 Fancy black car: more specific
 The fancy black sports car: very specific

When someone mentions a car, we don't know what the car is. Because it's still too
general. However, by adding adjectives like fancy, black, and sports, the car becomes
specific and easy to identify. There are two types of adjectives namely descriptive
nouns and limiting adjectives.

1. Descriptive Nouns
Descriptive adjectives are adjectives that describe or explain the state of a
noun or pronoun which includes size, shape, color, smell, taste, and so on.
Descriptive adjectives have a pattern that is

Cha, Qu – Si – A, T – Pa – Sha – Co*

Description:
 Character and Quality
Kind, friendly, humble, arrogant, charitable, careful, helpful, greedy,
lazy, beautiful, pretty, handsome, smart, brilliant, bad, ugly, etc
 Size
Small, big, short, long, low, high, tall, huge, thin, thick, narrow, wide,
near, far, etc
 Age and temperature
Young, old, ancient, modern, warm, hot, cold, etc
 Participles (V-ing and V3)
Boring, bored, tiring, tired, confusing, confused, interesting, interested,
scaring, scared, amazing, amazed, etc
 Shapes
Cube, oval, square, triangle, circle, etc
 Color
Black, white, blue, green, crimson, purple, yellowish, reddish, etc
2. Limiting Adjective
A limiting adjective is an adjective that narrows (limits) a noun or pronoun
without providing information about the circumstances, types, and so on.
Limiting adjectives are grouped into 8 parts, namely:
a. Descriptive Adjective
Descriptive adjective is an adjective that expresses quality, physical
condition such as age, size and color. For example: handsome, pretty,
beautiful, ugly
b. Distributive Adjective
 Distributive adjective is an adjective that shows the number or division
of the noun it describes. For example: every, each, neither, either
c. Possessive Adjective
Possessive adjective is an adjective that shows a possession of a noun.
For example: My, our, their, her, his, its
d. Demonstrative Adjective
Demonstrative adjective is an adjective that is used to designate a noun
or object in question. For example: this, that, those, these.
e. Interrogative Adjective
An interrogative adjective is an adjective that is used to ask about an
object in question. For example: what, where, which, whose.
f. Compoun Adjective
A compound adjective is an adjective formed from two or more words
that act as a single adjective. For example: well-known, open-minded,
amazingly good, terribly hot
g. Adjective of Indefinite Quantity
Indefinite adjective is an adjective that is used to describe a noun,
pronoun or noun phrase in terms of number or quantity. For example:
another, each, every, little, a little, less, much
h. Comparative Adjective
Comparative adjective is an adjective that is used to compare the
similarities or differences of the noun or pronoun it describes. For
example: higher, more powerful, bigger than.
i. Adjective Phrase
Adjective phrase (phrase) is a group of words in which it is composed,
among others, adjective (as head), modifier, determiner, adverb, etc.
For example: very expensive, very happy, smell delicious
j. Adjective Clause
An adjective clause is a dependent clause which consists of a subject
and a verb which serves to explain the noun or pronoun in the main
clause of a complex sentence.
E. Adverb
An adverb is a word used to describe or modify a verb, adjective, or another adverb.
Adverbs can describe how, when, or, where an action is performed. Adverb
conjunction are divided into 7 type:
a. Adverb of manner (softly, slowly, fast, hard)
b. Adverb of time (early, recently, morning, tonight, now)
c. Adverb of degree (enough, very, so,too)
d. Adverb of modality (likely, perhaps, possible, maybe)
e. Adverb of frequency (usually, always, daily, sometimes)
f. Adverb of place (behind, nearby, away, here)
g. Adverb of focus (only, even, mainly, also)
F. Preposition
A preposition, on the other hand, is used to show movement, location, or time. It is a
word that introduces a prepositional phrase, which usually ends with an object.
Prepositional phrases include expressions such as through the tunnel, below the sink,
and in the morning. Prepositions have a function to show the relationship between
nouns or other words. Preposition are divided into 6 types:
a. Preposition of time (until, after, during, before, since)
b. Preposition of place (above, in, under, at, on)
c. Preposition of movement (up, inside, off, towards, into)
d. Preposition of manner (without, in, like, by,on)
e. Preposition of purpose (for)
f. Preposition of quantity (for,by)
G. Conjunction
Conjunctions are words that are used to connect equivalent language units (words
with words, phrases with phrases, clauses with clauses, sentences with sentences, and
so on). The use of conjunctions can be exemplified by the sentences below.

The word "And" connects the word

You and I are on the same boat (you) with the word (I) or the subject
with the subject.

The word "Or" connects the phrase

Is that your father or your uncle? (your father) and the phrase (your
uncle) or subjective complement and
subjective complement.
 Seen from the two example sentences, it can be concluded that conjunctions can
connect various equivalents of language units. Conjunction are divided into 3 types:
a. Coordinating conjunction
Coordinating conjunction is a conjunction that connects two grammatical
forms that are the same. For example, and, but, yet, or, for, so.
b. Subordinating conjunction
Suboardinating conjunction It is a conjunction that connects the main clause
with the subordinate clause. For example, since, although, after.
c. Correlative conjunction
Correlative conjunction is a paired conjunction. For example, either-or,
between-and, from-to, rather-than, if-then.
H. Interjection
Interjection or often also called exclamation, is a word that is spoken spontaneously to
express feelings or thoughts that feel or appear suddenly, such as surprise, pleasure,
pain, wonder, and so on. Basically, interjection is a word used to describe an
emotional state, example: hey!, Oh!
 REFERENCES

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