No. PM 7.5.

29/L1
Revisi 2
SOAL UJIAN Tanggal 1 Juli 2010
Halaman 1/1
UJIAN AKHIR SEMETER GENAP TAHUN AKADEMIK 2019/2020
POLITEKNIK NEGERI SEMARANG
JURUSAN TEKNIK ELEKTRO

Mata Kuliah : Bahasa Inggris Teknik IV Kode Mata Kuliah :

Kelas : LT 3 A/B/C Semester : Enam (VI)
Hari/Tanggal : Senin/ 06 Juni 2020 Waktu : 90 Menit
Sifat : Tutup Buku Pengampu : Drs. Iman Suroso, MPd

PETUNJUK: Jam 11.00 – 12.30

1. Tunjukan kehadiran anda dengan mencentang tanda hadir
di elnino (wajib).
2. Pengiriman soal melalui email hanyalah sebegai backup
bila elnino susah diakses. Kelas: LT-3B
3. Download soal, simpan di komputer anda, dan kerjakan
secara offline.
4. Jawaban diketik pada lembar soal ini juga kemudian kirim NIM: 3.31.17.1.05
ke imansuroso@yahoo.co.id.
5. Jawaban tidak melalui reply email tapi dikirim ulang No. Urut: 03
dengan subjek/ judul UAS (Kelas, nomor urut, NIM, dan
nama), missal UAS (LT-3A, 01, ---, Aditya Dwi Cahyo).
5. Pada kolom judul, tuliskan kelas, nama dan nomor urut Nama: Aryo Panji Satrio
anda.
6. Toleransi keterlambatan mengirimkan lembar jawaban
(karena pengaruh sinyal dll) adalah 15 menit.
=======================================================================
I. READ THE PASSAGE CAREFULLY

Electricity generation is the process of generating electric power from sources of primary energy.

For utilities in the electric power industry, it is the stage prior to its delivery to end users
(transmission, distribution, etc.) or its storage (using, for example, the pumped-storage method).

Several fundamental methods exist to convert other forms of energy into electrical energy.

Generators
Electric generators transform kinetic energy into electricity. This is the most used form for
generating electricity and is based on Faraday's law. It can be seen experimentally by rotating a
magnet within closed loops of conducting material (e.g. copper wire). Almost all commercial
electrical generation is done using electromagnetic induction, in which mechanical energy forces a
generator to rotate.

Electrochemistry
Electrochemistry is the direct transformation of chemical energy into electricity, as in a battery.
Electrochemical electricity generation is important in portable and mobile applications. Currently,
most electrochemical power comes from batteries.  Primary cells, such as the common zinc–carbon
batteries, act as power sources directly, but secondary cells (i.e. rechargeable batteries) are used
for storage systems rather than primary generation systems. Open electrochemical systems, known
as fuel cells, can be used to extract power either from natural fuels or from synthesized
fuels. Osmotic power is a possibility at places where salt and fresh water merge.

Photovoltaic effect
The photovoltaic effect is the transformation of light into electrical energy, as in solar
cells. Photovoltaic panels convert sunlight directly to DC electricity. Power inverters can then
convert that to AC electricity if needed. Although sunlight is free and abundant, solar
power electricity is still usually more expensive to produce than large-scale mechanically generated
power due to the cost of the panels. Low-efficiency silicon solar cells have been decreasing in cost
and multijunction cells with close to 30% conversion efficiency are now commercially available.
Over 40% efficiency has been demonstrated in experimental systems. Until recently, photovoltaics
were most commonly used in remote sites where there is no access to a commercial power grid, or as
a supplemental electricity source for individual homes and businesses. Recent advances in
manufacturing efficiency and photovoltaic technology, combined with subsidies driven by
environmental concerns, have dramatically accelerated the deployment of solar panels. Installed
capacity is growing by 40% per year led by increases in Germany, Japan, United States, China, and
India.

Almost all commercial electrical power on Earth is generated with a turbine, driven by wind, water,
steam or burning gas. The turbine drives a generator, thus transforming its mechanical energy into
electrical energy by electromagnetic induction. There are many different methods of developing
mechanical energy, including heat engines, hydro, wind and tidal power. Most electric generation is
driven by heat engines. The combustion of fossil fuels supplies most of the energy to these engines,
with a significant fraction from nuclear fission and some from renewable sources. The modern steam
turbine (invented by Sir Charles Parsons in 1884) currently generates about 80% of the electric
power in the world using a variety of heat sources. Turbine types include:

(1) Steam
 Water is boiled by coal burned in a thermal power plant. About 41% of all electricity is
generated this way.
 Nuclear fission heat created in a nuclear reactor creates steam. Less than 15% of electricity is
generated this way.
 Renewable energy. The steam is generated by biomass, solar thermal energy, or geothermal
power.

(2) Natural gas: turbines are driven directly by gases produced by combustion. Combined cycle are
driven by both steam and natural gas. They generate power by burning natural gas in a gas
turbine and use residual heat to generate steam. At least 20% of the world's electricity is
generated by natural gas.

(3) Water Energy is captured by a water turbine from the movement of water - from falling water,
the rise and fall of tides or ocean thermal currents (see ocean thermal energy conversion).
Currently, hydroelectric plants provide approximately 16% of the world's electricity.

(4) The windmill was a very early wind turbine. In a solar updraft tower wind is artificially

produced. Before 2010 less than 2% of the world's electricity was produced from wind.

Although turbines are most common in commercial power generation, smaller generators can be
powered by gasoline or diesel engines. These may used for backup generation or as a prime source of
power within isolated villages.
(https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electricity_generation, 28-04-2020)

Now answer These Questions

1. What happens after the electricity is generated?

2. What methods are commonly used to generate electricity?
3. What does this in the sentence “This is the most used form for generating electricity and is based
on Faraday's law” refer to?
4. Why is electrochemical electricity generation portable and mobile?
5. What is the difference between primary and secondary cells in electrochemical power?
6. Why is solar power electricity expensive?
7. What types of energy are used to drive turbine?
8. What is the function of a turbine?
9. What does the turbine include?
10. Why are small generators still used?
ANSWER

1. Electricity will be sent to end users (transmission,distribution,etc.) or stoped (using for example
pumped storage methods)
2. Several fundamental methods which is generators, electrochemistry, and photo voltaic effect.
3. Electric generators
4. Because electrochemistry is the direct transformation of chemical energy into electricity.
5. Primary cells act as power sources, directly, but secondary cells are used for storage systems.
6. Due to the cost of the panels.
7. Heat engines, hydro, wind, and tidal power
8. To generate all commercial electrical power : drives a generator
9. There is steam, natural gas, water energy, and the wind mill.
10. Used for back up generation or as a prime source power within isolated villages

II. READ THE SENTENCE CAREFULLY

In 1878, a hydroelectric power station was designed and built by William Lord
Armstrong at Cragside, England.

We can ask questions about the sentence using different questions words.

For examples:

a. When? When was a hydroelectric power station designed and built by William Lord
Armstrong at Cragside, England?
b. Where? Where was a hydroelectric power station designed and built by William Lord
Armstrong  in 1878?
c. What? What was designed and built by William Lord Armstrong at Cragside, England in
1878?
d. Who? Who designed and built a hydroelectric power station  at Cragside, England in
1787?

Now ask questions using the questions words given.

(1) In the early 1871s Belgian inventor Zénobe Gramme invented a generator powerful enough to
produce power on a commercial scale for industry.

a. When? b. Where? c. What d. Who?

(2) In the autumn of 1881, a central station providing public power was built in Godalming,
England.

a. When? b. Where? c. What?

(3) In 1882 the world's first coal-fired public power station was built in London.

a. When? b. Where? c. What?

(4) In September 1882 in New York, the Pearl Street Station was established by Edison.

a. When? b. Where? c. What? D. Who?

(5) In 1886 George Westinghouse began building an alternating current system.

a. When? b. What? C. Who?

ANSWER:

(1) a. When was a Belgian inventor Zenobe Gramme invented a generator powerful enough to
produce power on a commercial scale for industry?
b. Where was Belgian inventor Zenobe Gramme invented a generator powerful enough to
produce power on a commercial scale for industry?
c. What was invented by Zenobe Gramme Belgian inventor in 1871?
 d.Who invented a generator powerful enough to produce power on a commercial scale for
industry in the early 1871?

(2) a.When was a central station providing public power was built in Godalming?
b.Where was a central station providing public power in the autumn of 1881?
c.What was built in Godalming in the autumn of 1881?

(3) a.When was the world first coal-fired public power station was built in London?
b.Where was the wold first coal-fired public power station was built in 1882?
c.What was built in London in 1882?

(4) a.When was the Pearl Street Power Station was established by Edison in New York?
b.Where was the Pearl Street Power Station was established by Edison in September 1882?
c.What was build by Edison in September 1882?
d.Who was build the Pearl Street Power Station in September 1882?

(5) a.When was George Westinghouse began building an alternating current systems?
b.What was being build by George Westinghouse in 1886?
c.Who was being building an alternating current systems in 1886?

III. READ THESE.

We can describe the function of a generator in two ways.

(a) A generator converts mechanical energy into electrical energy.

OR

(b) The function of a generator is to convert mechanical energy into electrical energy.

Now use pattern (a) OR (b) to describe the function of the following components. Use the list
below the pictures to help you answer the description.

1. 6.

2. 7.

3.
8.

4. 9.

5. 10.

a. Selects a frequency f. Adds resistance to a circuit

b. Adds capacitance to a circuit g. Varies the current in a circuit
c. Receives rf signal h. Measures very small current
d. Rectifies alternating current i. Protects a circuit
e. Transforms ac voltages j. Breaks a circuit

ANSWER

1. The function of a fuse is to Protects a circuit.

2. The function of an antenna is to rectifies R.F signal
3. The function of a diode is to rectifies alternating current
4. The function of variable resistor is to varies the current in a circuit
5. The function of a switch is to breaks a circuit
6. The function of a transformer is to transforms AC voltages
7. The function of capacitor is to adds capacitance to a curcuit
8. The function of ammeter is to measures very small current
9. The function of a variable capacitor is to selects a freequency
10. The function of a resistor is to adds resistance to a circuit

IV. Write these figures in words.

No. Figures Words

1. Annual consumer electronics sales are Annual consumer electronics sales are expected to
expected to reach $2.9 trillion reach two point nine trillion US Dollars.
2. The full length of the court is 13.4 m The full length of the court is thirteen point four
(44 ft). meters (forty four feet).
3. Earth’s atmosphere is composed of Earth’s atmosphere is composed of seventy eight
78% nitrogen, 21% oxygen, and 1% of percent nitrogen, twenty one percent of oxygen, and
other gases including argon and one percent of other gases including argon and
carbon dioxide. carbon dioxide.
4. The approximate length of Nile is The approximate length of Nile is six million six
6,656 km. hundred fifty six kilometers.
5. Researchers calculate that the age of Researchers calculate that the age of Earth is about
Earth is about 4.54 billion years old. four point fifty four billion years old.
6. The freezing point of oxygen is – The freezing point of oxygen is negative two
218.4°C. hundred and eighteen point four degree Celcius.
7. The boiling point of water is 100°C. The boiling point of water is one hundred degree
Celcius.
8. The average density of the Earth is The average density of the Earth is around five point
around 5.52 grams/cm³. fifty two grams per centimeters cubic.
9. The density if gold is 19,400 kg/m³. The density if gold is nineteen thousand four
hundred kilograms per meter cubic.
10. The diameter of the Earth is The diameter of the Earth is approximately ten to
approximately 107 . seventh power
11. The Earth moves around the sun at The Earth moves around the sun at one hundred and
107,826 km/h. seven thousand eight hundred twenty six
killometers per hours.
12. The full width of the badminton court The full width of the badminton court is six point one
is 6.1 m (20 ft), and in singles this meters (twenty feet), and in singles this width is
width is reduced to 5.18 m (17 ft). reduced to five point eighteen meters (seventeen
feet)
13. It has a maximum depth of 12,066 m. It has a maximum depth of twelve thousand sixty six
meters.
14. The approximate height of Everest is The approximate height of Everest is eight million
8,848 m. eight hundred forty eight meters.
15. The speed of light is 299,799 km/s. The speed of light is two hundred ninety nine
thousand seven hundred ninety nine kilometers
per second
16. The Pasific Ocean has an area of The Pasific Ocean has an area of one hundred and
102,177,700 km². two million one hundred seventy seven thousand
seven hundred kilometers square.
 Soal ini telah Koordinator Tim Teaching/KBK Ketua Program Studi
dikalibrasi/divalidasi oleh:

……………………………………….. ………………………………………. Adi Wasono, B.Eng, M.Eng.