INTERNATIONAL BACCALAUREATE M01/420/S(2)

BACCALAURÉAT INTERNATIONAL
BACHILLERATO INTERNACIONAL

CHEMISTRY Name
STANDARD LEVEL
PAPER 2
Number
Thursday 10 May 2001 (afternoon)

1 hour

INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES

! Write your candidate name and number in the boxes above.

! Do not open this examination paper until instructed to do so.
! Section A: Answer all of Section A in the spaces provided.
! Section B: Answer one question from Section B. Write your answers in a continuation
answer booklet, and indicate the number of booklets used in the box below. Write
your name and candidate number on the front cover of the continuation answer
booklets, and attach them to this question paper using the tag provided.
! At the end of the examination, indicate the number of the Section B question answered in the
box below.

QUESTIONS ANSWERED EXAMINER TEAM LEADER IBCA

SECTION A ALL /20 /20 /20
SECTION B
......... /20 /20 /20
QUESTION
NUMBER OF CONTINUATION TOTAL TOTAL TOTAL
BOOKLETS USED ......... /40 /40 /40

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SECTION A

Candidates must answer all questions in the spaces provided.

1. (a) Hess’s law states that, whether a reaction occurs in one or several steps, the total enthalpy
change is the same. Illustrate your understanding of this law by using the data below to
calculate the enthalpy change (∆H) when one mole of solid carbon is converted into carbon
monoxide.

C(s) + O2 (g) → CO 2 (g) ∆H = −393.5 kJ

CO(g) + 12 O2 (g) → CO 2 (g) ∆H = −283.0 kJ [3]

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(b) State what is meant by the term endothermic reaction. [1]

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(This question continues on the following page)

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(Question 1 continued)

(c) Enthalpy changes may also be calculated by using bond enthalpies, some values of which
(kJ mol−1 ) are provided below:

C == C 612; C—H 412; O—H 463; C == O 743; O == O 496.

The balanced equation for the complete combustion of one mole of ethene, C2 H 4 , in oxygen
is shown below:

C2 H 4 + 3O2 → 2CO2 + 2H 2 O

(i) Use the equation and the bond enthalpy data above to calculate the enthalpy change for
the complete combustion of one mole of ethene. [4]

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(ii) State, with a brief explanation, whether the reaction is endothermic or exothermic. [1]

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2. Sodium hydrogencarbonate dissolves in water forming an alkaline solution according to the

following ionic equilibrium:
− −
HCO3 (aq) + H 2O(l) ! H 2 CO3 (aq) + OH (aq)

(a) Why is the solution alkaline? [1]

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(b) Using the Brønsted–Lowry theory, state, with a brief explanation, whether the HCO3− ion is
behaving as an acid or as a base. [2]

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(c) Identify the conjugate base of carbonic acid, H 2 CO3 . [1]

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3. (a) Define the terms atomic number and mass number. [2]

Atomic number: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
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Mass number: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
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(b) For each of the species shown in the table, state the number of each sub-atomic particle
present. [3]

Species Protons Neutrons Electrons

14
6 C
19 −
9 F
40 2+
20 Ca

(c) State, giving a reason, which reactant in the following equation is acting as an oxidising
agent: [2]

Ca + F2 → CaF2

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SECTION B

Answer one question. Write your answers in a continuation answer booklet. Write your name and candidate
number on the front cover of the continuation answer booklets, and attach them to this question paper using the
tag provided.

4. (a) Define the term rate of reaction. For a reaction of your choice, state the reactants and outline
an experimental procedure by which you could obtain a value for the rate of reaction. [5]

(b) (i) State Le Chatelier’s Principle. [1]

(ii) State the factors which affect the position of equilibrium in a reaction. Explain the
influence of one of these factors using Le Chatelier’s Principle. [3]

(iii) Outline the main features of the Collision Theory. [4]

(iv) State the factors which affect the time taken to reach equilibrium and explain briefly
the influence of one of these factors. [3]

(c) Write an equation, including state symbols, for the synthesis of ammonia by the Haber
process. Explain the use of high pressure and moderately-high temperatures in the
production of ammonia. [4]

5. (a) Describe the appearance of the emission spectrum of hydrogen. Explain how this spectrum is
related to the electron energy levels of hydrogen. [5]

(b) (i) Explain each of the terms ionisation energy and electronegativity. [5]

(ii) Give the equation for the reaction of potassium with water and explain why potassium
is more reactive than lithium. [4]

(c) Describe and explain the trends in atomic radii and electronegativity on descending the
halogen group and across Period 3. [6]

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6. (a) The electronegativity value of carbon is 2.5 and that of oxygen is 3.5.

(i) Draw a Lewis (electron dot) structure for the carbon dioxide molecule, state its shape
and give the bond angle. [3]

(ii) Using the concepts of molecular shape and bond polarity, predict, with an explanation,
whether or not the carbon dioxide molecule is polar. [3]

(b) Explain at the molecular level why ethanol (C2 H5OH) is soluble in water, but cholesterol
(C 27 H 45OH) and ethane (C 2 H 6 ) are not. [4]

(c) Give an equation for the complete combustion of methane, CH 4 . Identify two products
formed by the incomplete combustion of methane and identify one harmful effect caused by
one of the products. [3]

(d) Polyunsaturated oils contain many C == C bonds and react with hydrogen to yield fats.
Using the simplified structure of an oil provided below, give the formula of the product
formed by reacting this oil with excess hydrogen, and identify this type of reaction.

——C == C——C == C——C == C——C == C—— [2]

(e) The molecule HOOC—X—COOH (where X represents a hydrocarbon group) can be used to
form both a polyamide and a polyester. Give the names or formulas of two monomers
needed to produce the polyamide and the polyester. Draw the structures of both the
polyamide and polyester linkages and draw the repeating unit in either the polyamide or the
polyester. [5]

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