9

Mathematics
Quarter 1 Week 2
The Nature of Roots of Quadratic Equation
Sum and Product of Roots of Quadratic Equations

Quadratic

2
ax + bx + c = 0
SUPPLEMENTARY LEARNING MATERIALS
(SleM)
Hazel Florence C. Egos
Author

1
HOW TO USE THE SLEM

Before you start answering the SLeM, I want you to set aside other tasks that
will disturb you while enjoying the lessons. Read the simple instructions below to
successfully enjoy the objectives of this kit. Have fun!

1. Follow carefully all the contents and instructions indicated in every page of this
SLeM.
2. Write on your notebook or any writing pad the concepts about the lessons. Keep
in mind that writing develops and enhances learning.
3. Perform all the provided activities in the SLeM.
4. Let your facilitator/guardian assess your answers.
5. Analyze conceptually the posttest and apply what you have learned.
6. Enjoy studying!

PARTS OF THE SLEM

• Expectations - These are what you will be able to know after completing the
lessons in the SLeM.
• Pre-Test - This will measure your prior knowledge and the concepts to be
mastered throughout the lesson.
• Looking Back to Your Lesson - This section will measure what learnings and
skills you were able to acquire from the previous lesson.
• Brief Introduction- This section will give you an overview of the lesson.
• Activities – These are activities designed to develop critical thinking and other
competencies. This can be done with or without a partner depending on the
nature of the activity.
• Remember - This section summarizes the concepts and applications of the
lessons.
• Checking Your Understanding - It will verify what you have learned from the
lesson.

i
This SleM is composed of two (2) lessons namely:
• Lesson 1 – Nature of Roots of Quadratic Equation
• Lesson 2 – Sum and Product of Roots of Quadratic Equation

Competencies:
A. Characterize the roots of a quadratic equation using the discriminant (M9AL-Ic-1).
B. Describe the relationship between the coefficients and the roots of a quadratic
equations (M9AL-Ic-2).
Expectations
This SleM is designed so that you will have a better understanding of the concepts of
quadratic equation. Specifically, you are expected to:
1. find the discriminant of a quadratic equation;
2. determine the nature of roots of a quadratic equation using discriminant;
3. find the sum and product of the roots of quadratic equations;
4. find a quadratic equation given only its roots; and
5. describe the relationship between coefficients and roots of quadratic equations.

Pre- Test
Read, analyze, and solve each item below. Choose the letter of the correct answer.
1. In a quadratic equation, what do you call the value of b2 – 4ac?
a. square root c. numerator
b. radical d. discriminant
2. What is the value of the discriminant for the equation 𝑏 2 − 4𝑏 − 21 = 0?
a. – 80 b. – 68 c. 88 d. 100
3. What is the nature of the roots for the equation 𝑎2 − 2𝑎 − 15 = 0?
a. real, rational and equal c. real, rational and unequal
b. real, irrational and unequal d. not real or imaginary

4. Which of the following equation has 0 as the value of its discriminant?

a. 5x2 – 8x – 2 = 0 c. x2 – 4x + 4 = 0
b. x – 6x + 5 = 0
2
d. 3x2 – 2x + 1 = 0
5. Find m so that x2 – 6x + m = 0 has one root.
a. -9 b. – 3 c. 3 d. 9
6. Which of the following is used to find the sum of the roots of a quadratic equation?
𝑏 𝑐 𝑏 𝑐
a. 𝑎
b. 𝑎
c. − 𝑎 d. − 𝑎

7. What is the sum of the roots of 𝑏 2 − 4𝑏 − 21 = 0?

a. 21 b. 4 c. – 4 d. –21
8. Given the quadratic equation 6𝑥 2 − 12𝑥 + 6 = 0, find the product of the roots.
a. 2 b. 1 c. – 1 d. – 2
9. If the sum of the roots of a quadratic equation is 2 and the product of the roots is 10,
then which of the following equations can be formed?
a. x2 + 2x + 10 = 0 c. x2 + 2x – 10 = 0
b. x – 2x – 10 = 0
2
d. x2 – 2x + 10 = 0
10. Which quadratic equations can you form if the roots are – 2 and – 7?
a. x2 – 9x + 14 = 0 c. x2 + 9x + 14 = 0
b. x – 2x – 7 = 0
2
d. x2 – 7x – 2 = 0

1
Lesson 1: Nature of Roots of Quadratic Equation
Looking Back
A. Complete the table below by transforming the quadratic equations into standard form and
determine the values of a, b and c.

Standard Form Values of

Quadratic Equation (in the form ax2 + bx + c = 0)
a b c
1. 𝑏 2 − 4𝑏 − 21 = 0 1 -4 -21
2. 𝑚2 = 5 + 2𝑚
3. 𝑎2 − 15 = 2𝑎
4. 6𝑥 2 − 12𝑥 = −6
5. 2𝑦 2 + 2 = −5𝑦

B. Substitute the values of your a, b and c into the formula b2 – 4ac.

Quadratic Equation Value of b2 – 4ac

1. 𝑏 2 − 4𝑏 − 21 = 0 (-4)2 – 4(1)(-21) = 16 + 84 =100
2. 𝑚2 = 5 + 2𝑚 _______________________
3. 𝑎2 − 15 = 2𝑎 _______________________
4. 6𝑥 2 − 12𝑥 = −6 _______________________
5. 2𝑦 2 + 2 = −5𝑦 _______________________

Did you apply the concepts you have learned from the previous SleM to answer the
above exercises? I hope it helped you a lot!

Brief Introduction
The nature of roots refers to the types of solutions of quadratic equations. The solutions
can be described as real, rational, irrational, or imaginary. You already have knowledge
about the words real, rational and irrational from your previous grade level but in this lesson,
you will understand what imaginary is, as one of the nature of roots of quadratic equation.
−𝑏±√𝑏2 −4𝑎𝑐
In the quadratic formula, 𝑥 = 2𝑎
, the value of 𝒃𝟐 − 𝟒𝒂𝒄 is called the discriminant.
2
The value of the discriminant, 𝑏 − 4𝑎𝑐 can be used to describe the nature of the roots of a
quadratic equation.
Come and let us learn more about it!

ACTIVITIES
Illustrative Examples:
A. Solve for the discriminant and determine the nature of roots of the given quadratic
equation.

2
1. x2 + 4x + 4 = 0
Solution:
Find the values of a, b and c. Since the discriminant
is 0, therefore there is one
Hence, a =1, b = 4 and c = 4.
repeated root. The root is
Substitute the values of a, b, and c to b2 - 4ac.
real, rational and equal.
b2 - 4ac = (4)2 – 4(1)(4)
= 16 - 16
=0
2. 6x2 - 2x - 4 = 0
Solution:
Find the values of a, b and c. Since 100 is greater
than zero (100 > 0), and
Hence, a = 6, b = -2 and c = -4.
a perfect square,
Substitute the values of a, b, and c to b2 - 4ac.
therefore there are two
b2 - 4ac = (-2)2 – 4(6)(-4)
roots. The roots are real,
= 4 + 96 rational and unequal.
= 100 Since 100 is greater
than zero (100 > 0), and
3. x2 + 5x - 3 = 0 a perfect square,
Solution: therefore
Since there
27 is are two
greater
roots. The roots are real,
than zero (27 > 0, and
Find the values of a, b and c.
rational
not a and unequal.
perfect square,
Hence, a =1, b = 5 and c = -3
Substitute the values of a, b, and c to b2 - 4ac. therefore there are two
b2 - 4ac = (5)2 – 4(1)(-3) roots. The roots are real,
= 25 +12 irrational and unequal.
= 27
and unequal.
2
4. 2x - 8x + 10 = 0 Since 100 is greater
Solution: than zero (100 > 0), and
Find the values of a, b and c. a Since -16 is less
perfect than
square,
Hence, a =2, b = -8 and c = 10. 0 therefore
(-16 < there
0), therefore
are two
roots.are
there Thenoroots
realareroots.
real,
Substitute the values of a, b, and c to b2 - 4ac.
rational
The andimaginary.
roots are unequal.
b2 - 4ac = (-8)2 – 4(2)(10)
= 64 - 80
= -16

B. Measure Me!
Area = length ∙ width = lw
= (14)(10) = 140 square inches

If x = width, then x + 4 = length

A = lw
x(x+4) = 140 square inches
x2+ 4x – 140 = 0
a = 1, b = 4, c = -140
b2 - 4ac =(4)2 – 4(1)(-140) = 576

Since 576>0 and a perfect square,

the roots are real, rational and unequal.

3
 Walk around your house and look for an object with rectangle shape. Measure the
length and width of the object (in inches) using your ruler.
1. If x is the width of the table, how would you represent its length?
2. Write a quadratic equation that represents the situation.
3. Given your answer in number 2, find the discriminant of the quadratic equation and
determine whether the dimensions of the object are rational numbers. Explain your
answer.

REMEMBER ME
−𝑏±√𝑏2 −4𝑎𝑐
In the quadratic formula, 𝑥 = ,
2𝑎
If: Then the roots are:
𝑏 2 − 4𝑎𝑐 = 0 real, rational and equal
𝑏 2 − 4𝑎𝑐 > 0 and a perfect square real, rational and unequal
𝑏 2 − 4𝑎𝑐 > 0 and not a perfect square real, irrational and unequal
𝑏 2 − 4𝑎𝑐 < 0 not real or imaginary

Checking Your Understanding

Determine the nature of roots of each quadratic equation by using the discriminant.
Discriminant
Quadratic Equation Nature of Roots
(value of b2 – 4ac)
1. 𝑚2 − 5𝑚 + 4 = 0
____________________ ____________________
2
2. 𝑝 = 8 − 3𝑝 ____________________ ____________________
3. 𝑏 2 + 12 = 4𝑏 ____________________ ____________________
4. 4𝑥 2 + 4𝑥 = −1 ____________________ ____________________
5. 3𝑧 2 − 5 = −2𝑧 ____________________ ____________________

LESSON 2: SUM AND PRODUCT OF ROOTS OF QUADRATIC

EQUATION

Looking Back
A. Find the solution set or roots of each quadratic equation using any methods (factoring,
completing the square or using the quadratic formula).
1. x2 + 6x + 5 = 0 x1 = _________ x2 = __________
2. x2 – 3x + 2 = 0 x1 = _________ x2 = __________
3. 2x2 – 5x – 12 = 0 x1 = _________ x2 = __________

This is the process:

1. x2 + 6x + 5 = (x+5)(x+1)
Solution set is {-5, -1} or x1 =-5 and x2 = -1.

4
Questions:
1. What method did you use to find the roots of each quadratic equation?
2. Which quadratic equation is difficult to solve? Why?
B. Using the roots in A, find the sum and product of roots of each quadratic equation.
Sum of Roots Product of Roots
Equation
(x1 + x2) (x1)(x2)
1. x2 + 6x + 5 = 0 -5 + -1 = - 6 (-5)(-1) = 5
2. x2 – 3x + 2 = 0
3. 2x2 – 5x – 12 = 0

Brief Introduction

Making a connection between two numbers, variables or figures is an important skill

that is very helpful in learning Mathematics.
Can you find the connection or relationship between the coefficients and the roots of
quadratic equations? Do you think you can find the sum and product of roots without solving
the equation? Let us find out by going through this lesson and answering each activity.
If 𝑥1 and 𝑥2 are the roots of the quadratic equation 𝑎𝑥 2 + 𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐 = 0, then

𝑏 𝑐
the sum of the roots is 𝑥1 + 𝑥2 = − and the product of the roots is (𝑥1 )(𝑥2 ) =
𝑎 𝑎

If 𝑥1 and 𝑥2 are the roots of a quadratic equation, then the formula to form the quadratic
equation is
𝒙𝟐 − (𝒔𝒖𝒎 𝒐𝒇 𝒓𝒐𝒐𝒕𝒔)𝒙 + 𝒑𝒓𝒐𝒅𝒖𝒄𝒕 𝒐𝒇 𝒓𝒐𝒐𝒕𝒔 = 𝟎

Illustrative Examples:
1. Use the values of a, b and c to find the sum and product of the roots of x2 + 2x – 3 = 0.
Solution:
Find the values of a, b and c. The value of a = 1, b = 2 and c = - 3.
Use the values to find the sum and product of roots of the given equation.
𝑏 𝑐
Sum of the roots = − Product of the roots =
𝑎 𝑎
2 −3
=− =
1 1
= −2 = −3
Therefore, the sum and product of roots of x2 + 2x – 3 = 0 are -2 and -3, respectively.

2. Find the sum and product of the roots of 2x2 + 11x + 5 = 0.

Solution:
Find the values of a, b and c. The value of a = 2, b = 11 and c = 5.
Use the values to find the sum and product of roots of the given equation.
𝑏 11
Sum of the roots =− =−
𝑎 2
𝑐 5
Product of the roots = =
𝑎 2
11 5
Therefore, the sum and product of roots of 2x2 + 11x + 5 = 0 are − and , respectively.
2 2

5
3. Form the quadratic equation given the roots – 5 and 4.
Solution:
Find the sum and product of roots.
Sum of roots = (-5) + 4 = -1
Product of roots = (-5)(4) = -20
Use the formula, 𝑥 2 − (𝑠𝑢𝑚 𝑜𝑓 𝑟𝑜𝑜𝑡𝑠)𝑥 + 𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑑𝑢𝑐𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝑟𝑜𝑜𝑡𝑠 = 0 to find the quadratic equation.
𝑥 2 − (𝑠𝑢𝑚 𝑜𝑓 𝑟𝑜𝑜𝑡𝑠)𝑥 + 𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑑𝑢𝑐𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝑟𝑜𝑜𝑡𝑠 = 0
𝑥 2 − (−1)𝑥 + (−20) = 0
𝑥 2 + 𝑥 − 20 = 0

Therefore, the quadratic equation is 𝑥 2 + 𝑥 − 20 = 0.

4. Form the quadratic equation given the roots 6 and 7.

Solution:
Find the sum and product of roots.
Sum of roots = 6 + 7 = 13
Product of roots = (6)(7)= 42

Use the formula, 𝑥 2 − (𝑠𝑢𝑚 𝑜𝑓 𝑟𝑜𝑜𝑡𝑠)𝑥 + 𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑑𝑢𝑐𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝑟𝑜𝑜𝑡𝑠 = 0 to find the quadratic equation.

𝑥 2 − (𝑠𝑢𝑚 𝑜𝑓 𝑟𝑜𝑜𝑡𝑠)𝑥 + 𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑑𝑢𝑐𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝑟𝑜𝑜𝑡𝑠 = 0

𝑥 2 − (13)𝑥 + 42 = 0
𝑥 2 − 13𝑥 + 42 = 0
Therefore, the quadratic equation is 𝑥 2 − 13𝑥 + 42 = 0.
Activities
Match the equation in column A with its roots in column B. Then answer the questions
that follow.
Column A Column B
1. x2 +11x +24 = 0 A. -5 and 4
2. x2 – 5x – 24 = 0 B. -3 and 8
3. x + x – 20 = 0
2
C. -3 and -8

Questions:
1. How did you find the equation? Explain your answer.
2. Have you seen the relationship between the coefficients and roots of the quadratic
equations? If yes, state the relationship.

Remember Me
𝑏
The sum of the roots is 𝑥1 + 𝑥2 = − 𝑎.
𝑐
The product of the roots is 𝑥1 ∙ 𝑥2 = 𝑎.

The formula to find the equation is 𝑥 2 − (𝑠𝑢𝑚 𝑜𝑓 𝑟𝑜𝑜𝑡𝑠)𝑥 + 𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑑𝑢𝑐𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝑟𝑜𝑜𝑡𝑠 = 0.

6
Checking Your Understanding
Complete the table.
𝑏 𝑐
Quadratic Equation Sum of the Roots = − 𝑎 Product of the Roots = 𝑎

1. x2 + 5x + 4 = 0
2. x2 – 6x + 8 = 0 6

3. x2 + 3x – 10 = 0 -10

4. x2 – 25 = 0
7 2
5. −
3 3

References
• Bryant, Merden, et. al. (2014). Mathematics 9 Learner’s Material. Vibal Group, Inc.,
Quezon City, Philippines
• Dilao, S., and Esller, E. (1991). VP SEDP Series Integrated Mathematics III. Vibal
Publishing House, Inc., Quezon City, Philippines
• Yeo, Joseph et. al (2015). New Syllabus Mathematics 1- 3 7th Edition. Shinglee
Publishers PTE LTD, Singapore.
• Argel, A., and Angeles, A. (2019). Mathematics for Grade 9 A Spiral Approach
Explanations, Examples, Exercises. Educational Resources Corporation, Quezon
City, Philippines

Wed Sources
• https://www.siyavula.com/read/maths/grade-11/equations-and-inequalities/02-
equations-and-inequalities-
06#:~:text=The%20discriminant%20(EMBFQ)&text=This%20is%20the%20expressio
n%20under,%2C%20rational%2C%20irrational%20or%20imaginary.

• https://www.toppr.com/guides/maths/quadratic-equations/nature-of-roots/

Clarita T. Sebuala, Master Teacher I Mary Jane D. Cerdeña, Teacher II

Content Evaluator Format Evaluator

Elpidio G. Tamani Jr., Master Teacher I Mary Joy E. Guevarra, Teacher III
Content Evaluator Language Editor

Benedicta J. Pepito, Teacher III

Content Evaluator