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Quiz in Bio

The nervous system controls body movements and processes sensations through neurons and glial cells. Neurons have dendrites, soma, myelin sheath, axon and terminal buttons to receive and transmit signals. Glial cells have four types that exchange chemicals with neurons. At synapses between neurons, signals pass through receptors either allowing or preventing action potentials and signal transmission. Damage like stroke can block arteries, interrupting blood supply to parts of the brain. There are two stroke types - ischemia blocks veins forming ischemic and penumbra regions, while hemorrhage involves bleeding. Recovery may involve regenerating damaged axons or developing new connections, but sometimes causes abnormal sensations. Learning can help improve spared functions for those with brain damage.

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38 views1 page

Quiz in Bio

The nervous system controls body movements and processes sensations through neurons and glial cells. Neurons have dendrites, soma, myelin sheath, axon and terminal buttons to receive and transmit signals. Glial cells have four types that exchange chemicals with neurons. At synapses between neurons, signals pass through receptors either allowing or preventing action potentials and signal transmission. Damage like stroke can block arteries, interrupting blood supply to parts of the brain. There are two stroke types - ischemia blocks veins forming ischemic and penumbra regions, while hemorrhage involves bleeding. Recovery may involve regenerating damaged axons or developing new connections, but sometimes causes abnormal sensations. Learning can help improve spared functions for those with brain damage.

Uploaded by

Erika B
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Nervous system controls the movements and interprets the feelings that our body received.

There are
two kinds of cells, first is neuron, this cells is the receiving information such as senses and transmit it
to other neurons. The second cell is glia, that exchanges chemicals with adjacent neurons. Neurons
has five parts of structure, and those are dendrites, soma, myelin shealth, axon, terminal button. In
glia it has 4 kinds of cell and those are astrocytes, microglia, oligodendrocytes, and radial glia. In the
end of the axon bago ma-transmit ang messgae sa kabilang neuron you will found there the synapse
that sherrington and santiago discovered, in synapses process nangyayari rin dito ang daluyan ng
message between two neuron at dadaan muna yun sa two receptors, the presynaptic that gives
information or ito yung receptors na napwesto sa end ng terminal buttons. The other receptor is
postsynaptic potential that receives information. There are also two kinds of postsynaptic potential,
the excitatory (positive) that action potential happened and the inhibitory (negative) that no action
potential happened. Ang proseso nito between sa dalawang neuron kung and message na na-received
ni body walang action potential na nangyayari dadaloy ito sa inhibitory, pero kung merong action
potential nangyari dadaloy ito sa excitatory na patuloy dadaloy sa axon hanggang umabot sa organ
natin para maka execute ng movements. Kaya meron ring impulses na hindi nakakadaloy ng deretso
sa neuron dahil walang action potential ito.

People experience brain damage because of the different causes, and one of the main cases that the
patient has is stroke. Stroke happened kapag merong artery na nag blocked or the blood supply in
some part of the brain is interrupted or reduced. There are two types of stroke, ischemia and
hemorrhage. When ischemia stroke stri
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ke, the veins will be blocked and there will be form two layers, the ishemic region and penumbra. The
ishemic region is like a core in our stroke events because this is where the location of the blocked
artery. If the ishemic region occur, the penumbra will be shown and surround the damage immediate,
that making it like outer core. In the core, the neurons will be immediately die because they cannot
received blood and oxygen. But in penumbra, the blood flow or oxygen will remain flow because of
the collateral circulation. But this will also survive at least temporally because the supply that the
neurons needed is limited. Stroke also have help to hold by the plasminogen activator that will reduce
the cell loss by breaking up the blood clot.

There are also a accident cases that our axon will break but good thing it can also regrow because of
the cell body of our neurons. Kung ang axon ay na crushed, the generated portion ay babalik sa
periphery at a rate of about 1 mm per day. Pero hindi palaging tama ang pag regrowth ng axon. May
cases din na mali ang line up ng pag regenerate dahil ang axon ay the cut at mali ang na aattach na
muscle na nagiging cause na mali pag execute nang movements. Kapag din ang isang axon ay na
damage, mag kakaroon ng sprouting of collateral that secreted by the neutrophins to form new
branches of collateral. Also there are other will be a result of damage axon and that is denervation
super sensitivity of the axon. In this event, in this event, the synaptic process will be change. If the
denervation supersensitivity because of inactive axons, the receptors will be added that will have
second messenger system. This also causes some abnormalities of sensations katulad ng phantom
limb.

Halos ang way ng pang recover sa cases ng brain damage ay learning or improve more tp have a
better spared functions. Kadalasan din ang may mga brain damage ay mas may capable sa sa kaya
nilang pakita dahil iniiwsan nila gamitin ang skills na may diperensiya

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