A DETAILED LESSON PLAN IN TEACHING MATHEMATICS

1. When I discuss, you listen. Only turn

on your mic 7when I ask you to.
GRADE

I. Subject matter: Math 2. Find a clutter-free place where you

Topic: Introduction and Operations on Polynomials
are comfortable
References:
3. Utilize the chat box when asking
 POLYNOMIALS(2).pdf questions.
 Operations_on_Polynomials(2).pdf
 https://www.cuemath.com/algebra/dividing-polynomials/
 https://www.baamboozle.com/classic/763268/1

II. Objectives:
Within a 6o-minute given time, students are expected to:

A. Distinguish the characteristics of polynomials;

B. Appreciate the practical applications of polynomials; and
C. solve problems involving operations on polynomials.

III. Instructional Materials:

PPT Presentation, Laptop, White Board, Mark pen

IV. Procedure:

Teacher’s Activity Student’s Activity

A. Preliminary Activities
Before we start our lesson. Let us pray first.
(The students are praying)
Good afternoon, class!
Good afternoon, teacher.
How are you today?
We are fine, how about you teacher?
I am also fine, class.

Okay, let’s check your attendance.

(the teacher checks the attendance)

Very good! Everybody is present!

Before we proceed to our discussion, let’s have

first our class rules, okay
Are we clear about our rules?

Okay. That’s good Yes, we are!

B. Recall
Can someone recall the last topic that was Jessica: Last meeting, we have discussed about
discussed? Yes, Jessica! Algebraic Expression!

Very good! Can somebody from the class tell me

what is Algebraic Expression?

Yes, Jeneva? Jeneva: An algebraic expression is a compact way of

describing mathematical objects using a
Excellent! What are the parts of Algebraic combination of numbers, variables (letters), and
Expression? mathematical operations.

Anyone else? Carlos: An algebraic expression consists of terms,

variable, constant and coefficient.

Very good!

C. Lesson Proper
1. Motivation
Are you familiar with the "4 pics, 1 word" game? Yes, teacher!
Great!

Students: Bridges
Now, I want you to guess the word being described
by the given images? Kindly write down your
answer in the comment section.

Good job!

ENGAGE
Class, do you want to play a game?
Yes, teacher!
Okay! Do you know this game called “Scrambled
Words”? Yes, teacher!

Perfect! Right now, I want you to list down all the

word can be form in a scrambled letter as many as
you can. Write down your answer in the comment
section.
The mechanics of the games is very simple.
Let’s all read the mechanics of the game.

Are you ready?

(Thumbs up)
Let’s begin!
(The students are typing their answer.)
How was the activity? Did you find it fun?

Excellent!

Wow! How many words did you find? Kindly write

it down in the comment section. (Answers are varied)

Thank you. That’s good

EXPLORE
Class based on the activity that you have played,
what do you think is it all about?

Yes, Paul? Paul: It’s all about Polynomials

Very good!

Okay, our topic is all about Polynomials and its

operations.

Okay class, I will provide a link for another activity.

I want you to participate. Yes, teacher!
Is that clear?

Link:
https://www.baamboozle.com/classic/763268/1
Yes, teacher!
I will be calling someone from our class to choose a
number and then he/she is encouraged to answer
the given question in a number he/ she has
chosen.

Are we good?

Great!
 (Students are showing thumbs up sign.)

EXPLAIN
Okay class, It’s time for the presentation for the
reference of our discussion involving polynomials
and its operations.
 Is that clear, class? Kindly show virtual thumbs up.

Source:
 POLYNOMIALS(2).pdf
 Operations_on_Polynomials(2).pdf

Now, anyone from the class would like to share Student C: Polynomials consists of many terms.
their ideas about polynomials? Student C?

Great!

Polynomial comes from poly- (meaning "many")

and -nomial (in this case meaning "term") ... so it
says "many terms".

A polynomial look this,

Student D: It is considered as a polynomial because

Class, why do you think the given expression above the exponents are whole numbers.
is considered as a polynomial?

Very good!

Now, moving on, please note that algebraic

expressions are not polynomials such as:
 When the variable is in the
2
denominator ( ).
y
 When the exponent of the variable is not
a whole number (3 x−1 , x 1/ 4)
 When the variable is under a radical
sign (√ x ).
Yes, teacher!

Is that clear, class?

Degree of a term - the sum of the powers of each

variable in the term. If a term contains two or more
variables, the degree of that term is sum of the of
the powers of the variables.

Degree of a polynomial with one variable - the

value of the largest exponent of the variable that
appears in any term.

Degree of a polynomial with two or more

variables - the highest degree for a term with
nonzero coefficient.
A polynomial is written in descending order when
the highest degree term is written first, the next
highest second, and so on.

TYPES OF POLYNOMIALS
(number of terms)
 Monomials (one term) – such as (6, 4x^3,
2b, -5b^2 a^3).
 Binomials (two terms) – such as( 6x + 2,
ab^4 – 5, y + 2f).
 Trinomials (three terms) – such as (3x^2
w
-5x + 8, a^3 + 4y + 7, -2s + t).
2

TYPES OF POLYNOMIAL (degree)

 Constant Polynomial (degree 0) – such as
(8, 2/3).
 Linear Polynomial (degree 1) – such as (x +
8, 2/3x -6).
 Quadratic Polynomial (degree 2) – such as
(3x^2 -2x + 7, 5y^2 – ¼). Yes, we are!
 Cubic Polynomial (degree 3) – such as
(5x^3, 27^3 + y +4).

Are we good, class?

(Students are listening.)
A polynomial can have:

 constants (like 3, −20, or ½)

 variables (like x and y)
 exponents (like the 2 in y2), but only 0, 1,
2, 3, ... etc. are allowed
that can be combined using addition, subtraction,
multiplication and division.

Speaking of addition, subtraction, multiplication

Yes, teacher.
and division. We are now tackling with the
operations of polynomials.

Class, Are we ready?

OPERATIONS ON POLYNOMIALS

1. ADDITION OF POLYNOMIALS
For the addition of Polynomials, we need to follow
these steps:
 collect like terms at one place.
 Add the numerical coefficients of the like
term.
 Write the sum in both standard and
simplest form.

Example:
( 2a +3b ) + ( -4b + 5a ) = 7a – b

2.SUBTRACTION OF POLYNOMIALS

If you have a subtraction sign preceding a set of

parentheses, then you must rewrite the problem
as an addition problem. We are going to add the
opposite.
(Students are listening.)
Class, you must change the sign of every term (to
its opposite sign) inside the set of parentheses that
follows the subtraction sign.

EXAMPLE:
( 3a + 4c ) – ( 8a + 3c ) = ( 3a + 4c) – 8a -3c
= 3a -8a + 4c- 3c
= -5a + c (Answer)

3.MULTIPLICATION OF POLYNOMIALS
For multiplying the polynomials, we need to follow
the following steps: (Students are listening.)
1st: multiply numerical coefficients and literal
coefficients separately. Next, multiply these two
products.

2nd: to multiply two polynomials when each one

has more than one term. Multiply each term of one
polynomial with each other of the other
polynomial and write like terms together.
 3.1 SPECIAL PRODUCTS
The following are the sum of the products which
occur frequently in mathematics. You should
become familiar with them as soon as possible.

 Product of a monomial and a binomial

Example: a( c + d ) = ac + ad
 Product of the Sum and the Difference of two
terms
Example: ( a + b ) ( a – b ) = a^2 – b^2
 Square of a binomial (students are listening.)
Example: ( a+b)^2 = a^2 + 2ab + b^2
( a-b )^2 = a^2 -2ab + b^2

 Product of Two binomials

Example:
( x + a ) (x + b) = x^2 + ( a + b) x + ab
( ax + b ) ( cx + d ) = acx^2 + (ad + bc)x + bd
( a +b ) (c + d ) = ac + ad + bc + bd

 Cube of a binomial
Example:
( a + b ) ^3 = a^3 + 3a^2b + 3ab^2 + b^3
( a-b) ^3 = a^3 – 3a^2 b + 3ab^2 -b^3

 Square of trinomial
Example: (students are listening.)
( a + b + c) ^2 = a^2 + b^2 + c^2 +2ab +2ac +2bc

EXAMPLES:
 Multiplying Two Monomials
(5x^2 ) (3x) = 15x ^3
(students are listening.)
 Multiplying Two Binomials
Using FOIL Method:
( 2x + 3y ) ( 6x – 7y )
= 12x^2 -14xy + 18xy -21
= 12x^2 + 4xy -21 (Answer).

EXAMPLES
Special Products:
 Sum of two Cubes:
( 2x + 3y ) ( 2x +3y )
= (2x)^2 + 2 (2x) (3y) + (3y)^2
= 4x^2 + 12xy + 9y^2 ( Answer)
Difference of Two Cubes
(2x-3y) (2x-3y)
= (2x)^2 – 2(2x) (3y) + (3y)^2
= 4x^2 -12xy + 9y^2 ( Answer)

 Difference of Squares
( 2x + 3y) (2x-3y)
= (2x)^2 + 2 (2x) (3y) -2(2x) (3y) + (3y)^2
= 4x^2 + 9y^2 ( Answer)

DIVISION OF POLYNOMIALS

 FACTORIZATION METHOD - When you

divide polynomials you may have to factor
the polynomial to find a common factor
between the numerator and the
denominator.

EXAMPLE: 2X^2 + 4X
2x
= 2x ( x+2) ( Cancel out “ 2x”)
2x
= x + 2 (Answer) ( Student are listening.)

 LONG DIVISION METHOD

For dividing polynomials by binomials or any
other type of polynomials, the most common and
general method is the long division method. When
there are no common factors between the
numerator and the denominator, or if you can't
find the factors, you can use the long division
process to simplify the expression.

STEPS:
Step 1. Divide the first term of the dividend
(4x2) by the first term of the divisor (x), and
put that as the first term in
the quotient (4x).
Step 2. Multiply the divisor by that answer,
place the product (4x2 - 12x) below the
dividend.
Step 3. Subtract to create a new
polynomial (7x - 21).
Step 4. Repeat the same process with the
new polynomial obtained after subtraction.
EXAMPLE:

Source/s :
https://www.cuemath.com/algebra/dividing-
polynomials/

SYNTHETIC DIVISION METHOD

Synthetic division is a technique to divide a
polynomial with a linear binomial by only
considering the values of the coefficients. In this
method, we first write the polynomials in the
standard form from the highest degree term to the
lowest degree terms. While writing in descending
powers, use 0's as the coefficients of the missing
terms. For example, x3+3 has to be written as x3 +
0x2 + 0x + 3. Follow the steps given below for
dividing polynomials using the synthetic
division method:

Step 1: Set up the synthetic division.

Step 2:  Bring down the leading coefficient to the
bottom row.
Step 3:  Multiply c by the value just written on the
bottom row.
Step 4:  Add the column created in step 3.
Step 6: Write out the answer.
EXAMPLE:

Source/s :
https://www.cuemath.com/algebra/dividing-
polynomials/
ELABORATE
To further understand the given concept, I will give
a sample problem on polynomials.

Are we excited?
Here it is!

Richard planned to go to the market. He wanted to

buy eggs, apples, and oranges. The prices of the
eggs, apples, and oranges are 6 pesos, 10 pesos,
and 7 pesos, respectively. Richard had only 71
pesos left in his pocket. How many eggs, apples,
and oranges can he buy given that he has only 71
pesos? 

Based from the problem presented above, I want

you to answer the given question.

Are we good?

Here is the solution!

We need to let:
X – egg
Y – apple
Z – orange

SOLUTION: 6X + 10Y + 7Z
= 6( 5 eggs) + 10 (2 apples) + 7(3 oranges)
= 30 + 20 + 21
= 71 pesos.
Thus, Richard can buy 5 eggs, 2 apples, and 3
oranges.

Excellent!
Kindly comment “done” if there is no question.

Wow, that’s great!

EVALUATION
Let’s check what have you learned!
Answer what is being asked in the following
questions:

I. Identify whether the given

expression is a polynomial or not.
Write “P” for polynomials and “N”
for not.

2
a.
y
b. √ 9 x
x
c. + 9x^2 + 3
3
d. 20
e. X^2 + 4x +4
f. X^3 + 6x^2 + 18

II. Evaluate the following

polynomials:

A. (2x + 4) + (-8x -2)

B. (x-2) – (x+2)
C. (8x+1) (3x + 7)
D. 6x^2 + 7x – 20 / 2x + 5
E. 2x^3 -5x^2 – x + 3 / x + 3

2. Write at least 3 experiences in real life that

we can see the concept of polynomials.