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Calculus 3 Exam 2 Solutions

This document contains the solutions to exam problems involving multivariable calculus concepts like limits, partial derivatives, tangent planes, and linear approximations. It includes calculating partial derivatives of functions, classifying sets in R2, showing a limit does not exist, finding equations of tangent planes, and applying the chain rule.

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jackson leach
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114 views2 pages

Calculus 3 Exam 2 Solutions

This document contains the solutions to exam problems involving multivariable calculus concepts like limits, partial derivatives, tangent planes, and linear approximations. It includes calculating partial derivatives of functions, classifying sets in R2, showing a limit does not exist, finding equations of tangent planes, and applying the chain rule.

Uploaded by

jackson leach
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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MAC 2283 Exam 2 Solutions

Instructor: W. D. Gillam
(1) (4) For each subset R of R2 below, decide whether R is “open but not
closed”, “closed but not open”, “both open and closed”, or “neither open
nor closed”, then determine the boundary ∂R of R.
(a) R = {(x, y) ∈ R2 : (x − 2)2 + (y − 5)2 ≤ 7} is closed but not open,
∂R = {(x, y) ∈ R2 : (x − 2)2 + (y − 5)2 = 7}
(b) R = {(x, y) ∈ R2 : x > y 2 and x ≤ 4} is neither open nor closed,
∂R = {(y 2 , y) : −2 ≤ y ≤ 2} ∪ {(4, y) : −2 ≤ y ≤ 2}.
(2) (4) Show that
xy 2
lim
(x,y)→(0,0) x2 − y 4

does not exist. Solution: Let f (x, y) = xy 2 /(x2 − y 4 ). For k ∈ R, let x(t) =
t2 , y(t) = kt. Clearly γ(t) = (x(t), y(t)) is continuous and γ(0) = (0, 0).
Note also that, as long as k 6= ±1, γ(t) is in the (implicit) domain of f for
all t 6= 0, so, if the limit here did exist it would be equal to
k 2 t4 k2
lim f (γ(t)) = lim =
t→0 t→0 (1 − k 4 )t4 1 − k4
for any k ∈ R \ {±1}. But the numbers k 2 /(1 − k 4 ) are not constant for such
k, so the limit can’t exist.
(3) (5) Let f (x, y) = cos(xy). Calculate fx , fy , fxx , fxy , and fyy . Solution:
fx = −y sin(xy)
fy = −x sin(x, y)
fxx = −y 2 cos(xy)
fxy = − sin(xy) − xy cos(xy)
fyy = −x2 cos(xy)
√
(4) (10) Let f (x, y) = x2 y − 6 ln(xy), P = (2, 3), u = (1/ 5)(1, −2).
(a) ∇f = (2xy − 6/x, x2 − 6/y)
(b) ∇f (P ) = (9, 2) √ √
(c) Du f (P ) = (9, 2) · u = 5/ 5 = 5
(d) the direction√(=unit vector) v for which Dv f (P ) is maximum is the
direction (1/ 85)(9, 2) of ∇f (P ).
(e) the coordinates of P are x0 = 2, y0 = 3, so the linearization L(x, y) of
f at P is
L(x, y) = f (P ) + fx (P )(x − x0 ) + fy (P )(x − y0 )
= 12 − 6 ln 6 + 9(x − 2) + 2(y − 3)
= −12 − 6 ln 6 + 9x + 2y
2

(5) (7) Let S = {(x, y, z) ∈ R3 : 2xyz − 3x2 = y 3 + 1}, P = (1, 2, 3). Find
an equation for the plane in R3 tangent to S at P and a parametrization of
the normal line to S at P . Solution: Let f (x, y, z) = 2xyz − 3x2 − y 3 so
S = f −1 (1). We have
∇f = (2yz − 6x, 2xz − 3y 2 , 2xy),
so ∇f (P ) = (6, −6, 4) is normal to the tangent plane; it has equation
6(x − 1) − 6(y − 2) + 4(z − 3) = 0.
The normal line is the line through P in the direction ∇f (P ), so it has
parametrization
γ(t) = P + t∇f (P ) = (1 + 6t, 2 − 6t, 3 + 4t).
(6) (4) Let f (x, y) = sin(x2 +y). Suppose x = x(t) and y = y(t) are differentiable
functions with x(1) = 2, y(1) = π/4 − 4, x0 (1) = 2, y 0 (1) = 3. Let g(t) :=
f (x(t), y(t)). Calculate g 0 (1). Solution: Note fx = 2x cos(x2 + y), fy =
cos(x2 + y). By the Chain Rule
g 0 (1) = fx (x(1), y(1))x0 (1) + fy (x(1), y(1))y 0 (1)
= fx (2, π/4 − 4) · 2 + fx (2, π/4 − 4) · 3
√ √ √
= 4 2 + (3/2) 2 = (11/2) 2
(7) (6) Let E = {(x, y, z) ∈ R3 : 2x2 + 3y 2 + 5z 2 = 41}, P = (3, 1, 2). Near
P , E coincides with the graph of a differentiable function g(x, y). Calculate
gx (3, 1) and gy (3, 1). Near P , E coincides with the “graph” {(x, h(x, z), z)} of
a differentiable function h(x, z). Calculate hx (3, 2) and hz (3, 2). Solution:
Let f (x, y, z) = 2x2 +3y 2 +5z 2 , so E = f −1 (41). We have ∇f = (4x, 6y, 10z),
so ∇f (P ) = (12, 6, 20). Then
gx (3, 1) = −fx (P )/fz (P ) = −12/20 = −3/5
gy (3, 1) = −fy (P )/fz (P ) = −6/20 = −3/10
hx (3, 2) = −fx (P )/fy (P ) = −12/6 = −2
hz (3, 2) = −fz (P )/fy (P ) = −20/6 = −10/3.

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