ANIMAL NUTRITION AND FEEDING

Name: ___________________________ Date _______________

Student No.: _______________________

Exercise No. 2
Feeding Value of Concentrates

I. INTRODUCTION

Feedstuff is the raw material that is essential for animal production. It

may be defined as any component of a ration that serves some useful
functions. Most feedstuffs serve as source of one or more nutrients, but other
ingredients may be included to provide bulk, reduce oxidation of readily
oxidized nutrients, emulsify fats, provide flavor, color or other factors related
to acceptability rather than serving strictly as a source of nutrients.

There are two general classes of feedstuffs, namely: concentrates and

roughages. Concentrates are feeds containing high amount of total digestible
nutrients (TDN) but low in fiber. They are most commonly used in rations of
monogastric animals such as swine and poultry and they are also offered to
fattening cattle (feedlot) as well as pregnant and lactating cows. Concentrates
differ in nutrient composition, ranging from single element to different levels
of protein and energy.

II. OBJECTIVES

1. To distinguish the different classes of concentrates, their methods of

preparation and proximate nutrient composition.

2. To explore potential feedstuffs or concentrates that are available in the

locality.

III. PROCEDURE

1. The instructor will discuss the different classes of concentrates and

their nutrient composition; feed supplements; feed additives and their
importance.

2. The students will be required to prepare an album of the different

concentrates with correct labels and nutrient composition. The
prepared album will be presented to class with the used of LCD.

3. Prepare clippings of brochure, labels or tags of different feed

supplements and feed additives.

1
 2

4. Collect labels of commercially mixed feeds available in the market.

Categorize them based on the brand and species of animals for which
they are intended to be used. Compare their nutrient composition.

5. The student is required to submit 3 energy sources, 3 protein sources, 3

mineral sources in bottle with label and nutrient content.

IV. QUESTIONS TO ANSWER

1. Discuss the factors that limit the use of concentrate in the ration of
swine and poultry.

2. Differentiate plant protein concentrates from animal protein

concentrates in terms of essential amino acids composition. Why can
you not use plant protein sources alone in most rations of swine and
poultry?

3. Define feed supplements and give examples. Define feed additives

and give examples. Discuss their importance in animal ration.

Table 3. Nutrient composition of common feedstuffs.

Ingredient Dry CP Crude ME ME TDN Ca (%) Available Total

Matter (%) Fiber (kcal/kg) (kcal/kg) Ruminant P (%) P
(%) (%) for Poultry for Swine (%) (%)
Cassava 88 2.8 4.0 2800 3000 80 0.30 0.10 0.05
Copra meal 8 18.0 12.0 1800 3000 70 0.17 0.20 0.55
Corn 87 8.5 3.0 3400 3300 84 0.02 0.10 0.29
Corn bran 88 9.4 13.0 1400 2200 72 0.04 0.31 1.03
Corn germ meal 89 16.0 8.5 1700 2640 83 0.30 0.15 0.50
Corn gluten feed 88 17.0 8.0 1700 2330 75 0.46 0.24 0.80
Corn gluten meal 88 42.0 4.0 2900 3060 - 0.16 0.12 0.40
Fish meal, 50% 89 50.0 0.7 2500 2160 62 7.60 3.40 3.40
Fish meal, 55% 88 55.0 1.0 2700 2450 62 7.70 3.90 3.90
Fish meal, 60% 89 60.0 1.0 2800 2310 62 4.37 2.53 2.53
Ipil-ipil leaf meal 90 22.0 15.0 1000 1400 60 1.98 0.07 0.27
Meat and bone meal, 45% 88 45.0 2.2 1900 1760 - 11.00 5.80 5.80
Meat and bone meal , 50% 89 50.0 2.4 2000 1820 - 11.10 5.20 5.20
Molasses, cane 75 3.0 - 1960 2330 54 0.75 0.02 0.08
Rice bran, D1 88 13.5 6.5 2430 3000 70 0.06 0.43 1.43
Rice bran, D2 88 11.0 1.0 2000 2800 61 0.08 0.51 1.70
Skimmilk, dried 90 33.0 0.1 - 3400 - 1.25 1.00 1.00
Sorghum 88 9.0 2.1 3300 3250 75 0.03 0.08 0.28
Soybean oil meal 88 43.0 6.0 2340 2800 76 0.53 0.18 0.64
Wheat pollard 88 16.0 10.0 1600 2400 70 0.12 0.40 0.94
Whey 90 13.0 1.3 - 3100 - 0.97 0.76 0.76
Vegetable oils 99 - - 8800 7980 - - -
Tallow 99 - - 7000 7900 - - -
Limestone 98 - - - - - 38.00 -
Oyster shell 98 - - - - - 35.00 -
Dicalcium phosphate 98 - - - - - 22.00 - 18.00
Tricalcium phosphate 98 - - - - - 28.00 - 13.00
 3

ANIMAL NUTRITION AND FEEDING

Name: ___________________________ Date _______________

Student No.: _______________________

Exercise No. 3
Feeding Value of Roughages

I. INTRODUCTION

Roughages are coarse bulky materials that are relatively high in fiber
(CF > 18%) and low in total digestible nutrients (TDN < 65%) and that by
their bulk stimulates peristalsis or intestinal contraction. They are mainly
suitable for feeding to ruminant or grass eating animals, either fresh, dried or
ensiled. They are the highest source of energy for cattle.

Roughages are classified into two groups namely: forages which are
either grasses or legumes in the form of either pasture herbage, soilage, silage
or hay; and farm by-products such as straw, stover, and corn cobs.

II. OBJECTIVES

1. To distinguish the different classes of roughages and their proximate

nutrient composition.

2. To discuss the different factors that affects the feeding value of the
different roughages.

3. To prepare silage and evaluate its quality after 14 days of storage.

III. PROCEDURE

1. The students will be required to submit one grass or legume planted in a

pot with laminated label (common name and scientific name).

2. The instructor will discuss the procedure in the preparation of silage and
the quality of a good silage.

3. The students will be required to submit latest research article (2010 to

present) about roughage with the name of the journal/magazine and date
of publication.
 4

IV. QUESTIONS TO ANSWER

1. What are the grasses and legumes which are adopted in the locality?

2. What are the factors that determine the feeding value of grasses?

3. Compare and contrast the following (in terms of preparation/feeding value):

a. Soilage vs silage
b. Straw vs hay
c. Stover vs fodder

4. Give the advantages and disadvantages of silage.

5. What is the purpose of hay making? How is it prepared?

 5

Table 4. Nutrient composition of common roughages in the Philippines.

ITEM DM TDN CP Ca P
Alabang X
Dicanthium aristatum
28 days 25.2 14.0 3.1 - -
100.0 55.6 12.3 - -
56 days 26.7 13.3 1.6 - -
100.0 49.8 6.0 - -
84 days 33.9 9.8 0.8 - -
100.0 28.9 2.4 - -
Calopo 26.0 16.6 4.1 0.51 0.05
Calopogonium muconoides 100.0 64.0 15.6 1.98 0.20
Centro 24.0 11.5 5.0 0.28 0.08
Centrocema pubecens 100.0 48.0 24.8 1.15 0.34
42 days 18.5 11.9 5.1 - -
100.0 64.3 27.6 - -
63 days 22.2 12.4 5.2 - -
100.0 61.4 25.7 - -
84 days 22.3 13.5 5.0 - -
100.0 60.5 22.4 - -
Cogon grass 32.4 12.7 1.6 0.02 0.02
Imperata cylindrica 100.0 39.2 4.9 0.06 0.06
Corn stover 89.0 41.8 3.2 0.55 0.05
Zea mays 100.0 47.0 3.6 0.62 0.90
Cowpea hay 88.0 50.2 18.0 1.41 0.61
Vigna sinensis 100.0 57.0 20.4 1.60 0.69
Guinea grass 25.0 13.0 2.6 0.18 0.12
Panicum maximum 100.0 52.0 10.3 0.74 0.47
21 days 22.7 13.2 2.5 - -
100.0 58.1 11.0 - -
42 days 24.0 13.9 1.9 - -
100.0 57.9 7.9 - -
56 days 24.6 13.3 1.5 - -
100.0 54.1 6.1 - -
Iil-ipil
Leucaena leucocephala
Leaves 29.2 17.3 8.0 - -
100.0 59.2 27.4 - -
Tops 97.8 19.8 6.1 - -
100.0 71.2 21.9 - -
 6

Table 4. Continued

ITEM DM TDN CP Ca P
Kikuyu
Pennisetum clandestinum 20.0 12.6 4.8 - -
Vegetative 100.0 63.0 24.0 - -
Kudzu 20.8 12.6 4.1 - -
Pueraria phaseoloides 100.0 60.6 19.4 - -
Young 21.0 12.4 3.2 0.23 0.05
100.0 59.0 15.3 1.10 0.24
Napier 22.0 12.1 2.1 0.09 0.08
Pennisetum purpureum 100.0 55.0 9.5 0.42 0.39
21 days 16.6 10.2 2.5 - -
100.0 61.4 15.1 - -
42 days 20.3 11.9 2.0 - -
100.0 58.6 9.8 - -
56 days 20.5 11.8 1.6 - -
100.0 57.6 7.8 - -
Pangola grass 21.0 12.2 1.4 0.12 0.07
Dgitaria decumbens 100.0 58.0 6.5 0.55 0.33
28 days 15.1 8.5 1.6 - -
100.0 56.3 10.6 - -
56 days 23.0 11.8 1.4 - -
100.0 51.3 6.1 - -
84 days 26.0 13.4 0.8 - -
100.0 51.5 3.1 - -
Paragrass 26.0 14.0 2.1 0.09 0.08
Bracharia mutica 100.0 56.0 7.9 0.35 0.33
Peanut hay 85.0 46.8 14.7 1.05 0.13
Arachis hypogeaea 100.0 55.0 17.3 1.23 0.15
Pigeon pea straw 90.0 48.6 9.6 1.00 0.32
Cajanus cajan 100.0 54.0 10.7 1.13 0.36
Rice straw 90.0 42.3 3.4 0.29 0.09
Oryza sativa 100.0 47.0 3.8 0.32 0.10
Star grass 23.0 14.5 2.8 0.12 0.11
Cynodon plectostachyus 100.0 63.0 12.4 0.50 0.47
Sugarcane tops 31.0 16.1 2.0 0.06 0.05
Saccharum officinarum 100.0 52.0 6.4 0.20 0.17

Sources: Institute of Animal Science, UP at Los Baños Dairy Training and

Research Institute, UP at Los Baños
 7

ANIMAL NUTRITION AND FEEDING

Name: ___________________________ Date _______________

Student No.: _______________________

Exercise No. 4
The Use and Application of Feeding Standards

I. INTRODUCTION

Feeding standards are statements or quantitative descriptions of the

amounts of one or more nutrients needed by animals. They are tables showing
the amounts of food and nutrients which should be provided in the rations of
different species for different purposes, such as growth, fattening and
lactation. They serve as guides in feeding practice. They also provide
essential data for setting up many types of nutrition experiments, such as those
which require a basal ration adequate in all nutrients except the one under
study.

II. OBJECTIVES

1. To describe the development of feeding standards, their usefulness and

limitations.

2. To use the feeding standards in determining the nutrient requirements

of the different species and classes of livestock and poultry.

III. PROCEDURE

1. The instructor will provide the students samples of feeding standards.

2. The instructor will discuss the proper use of feeding standards and the
students will be given seatwork/exercises on how to determine the
amount of critical nutrients required by a specific animal by referring
to the appropriate nutrient requirements.

IV. QUESTIONS TO ANSWER

1. What are the limitations of feeding standards?

2. What are the factors that affect the nutrient requirements of animals

3. Define the following terms:

a. dry matter (DM)

b. total digestible nutrients (TDN)
c. digestible energy (DE)
 8

d. metabolizable energy (ME)

e. net energy (NE)
f. gross energy (GE)
g. digestible protein
h. total protein or crude protein
i. total phosphorus
j. available phosphorus
Table 5a. Nutrient Recommendation for broiler-type chickens

Booster Starter Finisher

0-2 weeks 2-4 weeks 4-6 weeks
Nutrient Low Med High Low Med High Low Med High
ME: Protein 130 130 130 140 140 140 150 150 150
Energy, Kcal/kg 2800 2900 3000 2700 2800 2900 2700 2800 2900
Crude Protein, % 21.50 22.30 23.00 19.30 20.00 20.70 18.00 18.70 19.30
Calcium, % 0.84 0.87 0.90 0.81 0.84 0.87 0.76 0.78 0.81
Avail Phosphorus, % 0.45 0.46 0.48 0.41 0.42 0.44 0.38 0.39 0.41
Salt, % 0.25 0.25 0.25 0.30 0.30 0.30 0.30 0.30 0.30
Amino Acids:
Lysine, % 1.12 1.16 1.20 0.97 1.01 1.04 0.86 0.90 0.93
Methionine, % 0.48 0.49 0.51 0.38 0.39 0.41 0.32 0.33 0.35
Met + Cystine, % 0.84 0.87 0.90 0.68 0.70 0.72 0.59 0.62 0.64
Threomine, % 0.78 0.81 0.84 0.62 0.64 0.67 0.57 0.59 0.61
Tryptophan, % 0.22 0.23 0.24 0.19 0.20 0.20 0.16 0.17 0.17

Source: PHILSAN Feed Ref. Std. 2010 (4th ed.)

9
Table 5b. Nutrient recommendations for egg-type chickens

Starter Grower Developer Layer 1 Layer 2

0-6 weeks 6-12 weeks 12-18 weeks 18-42 weeks 42 weeks- Cull
Nutrient Low Med High Low Med High Low Med High Low Med High Low Med High
ME: 143 143 143 172 172 172 189 189 190 160 160 160 170 170 170
Protein
Energy, 2750 2800 2850 2700 2750 2800 2650 2700 2750 2700 2750 2800 2700 2750 2800
Kcal/kg
Crude 19.2 19.6 19.9 15.7 16.0 16.3 14.0 14.3 14.0 16.9 17.2 17.5 15.9 16.2 16.5
Protein, % 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Calcium, 0.96 0.98 1.00 1.13 1.00 1.18 0.90 0.95 0.95 3.45 3.50 3.58 3.66 3.70 3.80
%
Avail 0.47 0.48 0.48 0.43 0.46 0.45 0.40 0.44 0.45 0.42 0.43 0.44 0.40 0.41 0.41
Phosphorus,
%
Salt, % 0.25 0.25 0.25 0.30 0.30 0.30 0.20 0.20 0.20 0.3 0.30 0.34 0.30 0.30 0.30
Linoleic 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.35 1.35 1.35 1.35 1.35 1.35
Acid
Amino
Acids:
Lysine, % 0.88 0.90 0.91 0.68 0.68 0.70 0.69 0.70 0.70 0.73 0.78 0.80 0.77 0.78 0.80
Methionine 0.36 0.36 0.37 0.32 0.32 0.34 0.33 0.34 0.34 0.34 0.35 0.36 0.32 0.32 0.33
,%
Met + 0.69 0.70 0.71 0.57 0.57 0.59 0.57 0.58 0.58 0.66 0.68 0.69 0.64 0.65 0.66
Cystine, %
Threomine, 0.66 0.67 0.68 0.54 0.54 0.56 0.55 0.56 0.56 0.58 0.59 0.61 0.53 0.54 .55
%
Tryptophan 0.19 0.20 0.20 0.16 0.16 0.17 0.15 0.16 0.16 0.19 0.19 0.19 0.19 0.19 0.19
,%

10
Source: PHILSAN Feed Ref. Std. 2010 (4th ed.)

Table 5c. Nutrient recommendations for swine (creep to finisher ration)

Creep Pre-starter Starter Grower Finisher

2.0-8.0 kg 8-22 kg 23-40 kg 40-60 kg 60-85 kg
Nutrient Low Med High Low Med High Low Med High Low Med High Low Med High
M Energy, 3250 3300 3350 31.5 3200 3250 3100 3150 3200 2900 3000 3100 2900 3000 3100
Kcal/kg 0
Crude 24.4 22.7 23.0 19.7 20.0 20.3 17.2 17.2 18 15.3 15.8 16.3 13.2 12.6 14
Protein, % 0 0 0 0 0 0
Calcium, % 1.00 1.00 1.00 0.95 0.95 0.95 0.85 0.85 0.85 0.75 0.75 0.75 0.75 0.75 0.75
Avail 0.54 0.54 0.54 0.54 0.54 0.54 0.52 0.52 0.52 0.5 0.50 0.50 0.45 0.45 0.45
Phosphorus,
%
Salt, % 0.30 0.30 0.30 0.30 0.30 0.30 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.5 0.50
Crude <2.5 <2.5 <2.5 <3.0 <3.0 <3.0 <4.0 <4.0 <4.0 <5 <5 <5 <6.0 <6.0 <6.0
Fiber, %
Lactose, % 10.0 10.0 10.0 - - - - - - - - - - - -
0 0 0
Amino
Acids:
Lysine, % 1.46 1.48 1.50 1.35 1.38 1.40 1.16 1.18 1.2 1.02 1.05 1.09 0.82 0.85 0.87
Threonine, 0.99 1.01 1.02 0.92 0.94 0.95 0.79 0.8 0.82 0.69 0.71 0.74 0.56 0.58 0.6
%
Met + 0.80 0.81 0.82 0.74 0.76 0.77 0.64 0.65 0.66 0.56 0.58 0.6 0.45 0.47 0.49
Cystine, %
Tryptophan 0.27 0.28 0.29 0.26 0.27 0.28 0.22 0.23 0.23 0.19 0.2 0.21 0.16 0.17 0.18
,%
Source: PHILSAN Feed Ref. Std. 2010 (4th ed.)
Table 5d. Nutrient Recommendations for swine (gestating, lactating and boar rations)

Gestating ( 170 kg) Lactating (170 kg) Boar

Nutrient Low Med High Low Med High 180 kg
M Energy, Kcal/kg 2800 2850 2900 3000 3100 3200 2950
Crude Protein, % 13.60 14.00 14.50 15.40 16.00 16.50 16.80
Calcium, % 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.20 1.20 1.20 0.90
Avail Phosphorus, % 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50
Salt, % 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50
Amino Acids:
Lysine, % 0.45 0.46 0.46 0.84 0.87 0.90 0.80
Threomine, % - - - - - - -
Met + Cystine, % 0.26 0.27 0.27 0.50 0.52 0.54 0.48
Tryptophan, % 0.09 0.09 .09 0.16 0.17 0.17 0.15

Source: PHILSAN Feed Ref. Std. 2010 (4th ed.)

Table 5e. Daily nutrient requirements of beef cattle

BODY Dry TOTAL

WEIGHT ADG Matter TDN PROTEIN Ca P
(kg) (kg) Intake (kg) (g) (g) (g)
(kg)
Steers
Maintenance and Growth
100 0 2.2 1.0 1.67 5 5
0.25 2.6 1.3 306 10 7
0.50 3 1.6 379 15 9
0.75 3.2 1.9 448 20 11
1.00 3.3 2.2 541 25 15
150 0 3 1.1 231 6 6
0.25 3.8 1.8 400 12 9
0.50 4.2 2.2 474 16 10
0.75 4.4 2.6 589 21 13
1.00 4.5 3.0 607 27 16
200 0 3.7 1.8 285 6 6
0.25 4.5 2.2 470 11 9
0.50 5.2 2.8 554 16 12
0.75 5.4 3.2 622 21 15
1.00 5.6 3.9 690 27 17
1.10 5.6 3.9 714 30 18
250 0 4.4 2.0 337 9 9
0.25 5.3 2.6 534 12 10
0.50 6.2 3.2 623 16 14
0.75 6.4 3.8 693 21 17
1.00 6.5 4.3 760 28 19
1.10 6.6 4.6 782 30 20
300 0 5.0 2.4 385 10 10
0.25 6.0 3 588 15 11
0.50 7.0 3.7 679 19 14
0.75 7.4 4.3 753 23 18
1.00 7.5 5 815 28 21
1.10 7.6 5.3 847 30 22
350 0 5.7 2.6 432 12 12
0.25 6.8 3.3 635 16 14
0.50 7.9 4.1 731 20 16
0.75 8.3 4.8 806 25 18
1.00 8.5 5.6 874 30 21
1.10 8.5 5.9 899 31 23

13
Table 5e. Continued

BODY Dry TOTAL

WEIGHT ADG Matter TDN PROTEIN Ca P
(kg) (kg) Intake (kg) (g) (g) (g)
(kg)
1.20 8.5 6.2 943 32 24
400 0 6.2 2.9 478 13 13
0.25 7.5 3.7 664 16 15
0.50 8.7 4.6 772 21 18
0.75 9.1 5.4 875 26 21
1.00 9.3 6.2 913 31 24
1.10 9.4 6.6 942 32 25
1.20 9.4 7.0 967 33 25
1.30 9.3 7.2 988 33 26
450 0 6.8 3.2 528 14 14
0.25 8.2 4.1 703 18 17
0.50 9.5 5.0 805 22 20
0.75 10.0 5.9 911 26 23
1.00 10.2 6.8 952 29 26
1.10 10.2 7.2 975 30 27
1.20 10.2 7.6 998 31 28
1.30 10.0 7.9 1018 32 29
500 0 7.4 3.4 567 15 15
0.25 8.9 4.4 727 19 18
0.50 10.3 5.4 831 23 21
0.75 10.8 6.4 938 27 24
1.00 11.0 7.4 975 30 27
1.10 11.1 7.8 1005 30 27
1.20 11.0 8.2 1026 31 28
1.30 10.9 8.6 1048 32 28
1.40 10.6 9.0 1063 33 29
Heifer
Maintenance and Growth
100 0 2.4 1.1 178 4 4
0.25 2.9 1.3 321 13 10
0.50 3.1 1.7 391 14 11
0.75 3.2 2.0 460 20 14
1.00 3.3 2.3 527 26 18
Table 5e. Continued

BODY Dry TOTAL

WEIGHT ADG Matter TDN PROTEIN Ca P
(kg) (kg) Intake (kg) (g) (g) (g)
(kg)
150 0 3.3 1.6 234 5 4
0.25 4 1.9 414 13 10
0.50 4.2 2.3 513 14 11
0.75 4.4 2.7 552 19 14
1.00 4.5 3.1 623 25 18
200 0 4 1.8 299 6 5
0.25 4.9 2.3 492 10 11
0.50 5.6 2.8 577 14 12
0.75 5.5 3.3 639 19 15
1.00 5.6 3.8 707 23 18
250 0 4.8 2.1 264 7 6
0.25 5.8 2.7 486 12 10
0.50 6.2 3.3 564 13 13
0.75 6.5 3.9 644 18 16
1.00 6.6 4.5 724 23 18
1.10 6.6 4.8 757 25 7
300 0 5.5 2.4 303 9 12
0.25 6.7 3.1 526 13 13
0.50 7.1 3.8 604 14 14
0.75 7.4 4.5 717 17 15
1.00 7.6 5.2 764 21 18
1.10 7.3 6.1 797 24 20
350 0 6.1 2.7 340 10 10
0.25 7.4 3.5 557 15 15
0.50 8.0 4.3 637 15 15
0.75 8.3 5.0 717 15 15
1.00 8.5 5.8 797 18 15
1.10 8.5 6.1 829 20 19
1.20 8.4 6.4 860 21 20
400 0 6.8 3.0 377 11 11
0.25 8.3 3.9 579 15 15
0.50 8.8 4.7 657 15 15
0.75 9.2 5.6 739 16 16
1.00 9.4 6.5 819 18 18
1.10 9.4 6.8 850 19 19
1.20 9.2 7.0 883 20 19
Table 5e. Continued

BODY Dry TOTAL

WEIGHT ADG Matter TDN PROTEIN Ca P
(kg) (kg) Intake (kg) (g) (g) (g)
(kg)
450 0 7.4 3.3 411 12 12
0.25 9.0 4.2 590 16 16
0.50 9.6 5.1 671 17 17
0.75 10.0 6.1 750 18 18
1.00 10.2 7.0 831 19 19
1.10 10.2 7.4 857 20 20
Last 3 Months Gestation
250 0.6 6.5 3.4 579 18 18
300 0.6 7.4 3.9 614 18 18
350 0.6 8.3 4.4 650 19 19
400 0.6 9.2 4.9 671 19 19
450 0.6 10.0 5.3 679 19 19
Mature Cows
Last 3 Months Gestation
300 0.4 6.9 3.4 409 11 11
350 0.4 7.7 3.8 444 12 12
400 0.4 8.5 4.2 480 14 14
450 0.4 9.3 4.6 514 15 15
500 0.4 10.1 5.0 546 15 15
550 0.4 10.8 5.3 579 16 16
600 0.4 11.5 5.7 629 17 17
Lactating Cows
First 12 weeks of Lactation
250 6.4 3.8 650 22 22
300 7.3 4.2 686 23 23
350 8.1 4.5 721 24 24
400 8.9 4.8 557 25 25
450 9.6 5.1 593 26 26
500 10.3 5.4 821 27 27
550 11.0 5.7 857 28 28
600 11.7 5.9 886 28 28
Table 5f. Daily nutrient requirements of lactating dairy cattle (DM basis)

BODY DRY TOTAL

WEIGHT FEED PROTEIN TDN Ca P
(kg) (kg) (g) (kg) (g) (g)
Maintenance of Mature Lactating Cows
350 5.0 468 2.8 14 11
400 5.5 521 3.1 17 13
450 6.0 585 3.4 18 14
500 6.5 638 3.7 20 15
550 7.0 691 4.0 21 16
600 7.5 734 4.2 22 17
650 8.0 776 4.5 23 18
700 8.5 830 4.8 25 19
750 9.0 872 5.0 26 20
800 9.5 915 5.3 27 21
Maintenance and Pregnancy (Last 2 Months of Gestation)
350 6.4 570 3.6 21 16
400 7.2 650 4.0 23 18
450 7.9 730 4.4 26 20
500 8.6 780 4.8 29 22
550 9.3 850 5.2 31 24
600 10.0 910 5.6 34 26
650 10.6 960 6.0 36 28
700 11.3 1000 6.3 39 30
750 12.0 1080 6.7 42 32
800 12.6 1150 7.1 44 34
Milk Production (Nutrients Required per kg of milk)
% Fat
2.5 66 0.255 2.4 1.7
3.0 70 0.280 2.5 1.8
3.5 74 0.305 2.6 1.9
4.0 78 0.330 2.7 2.0
4.5 82 0.355 2.8 2.1
5.0 86 0.380 2.9 2.2
5.5 90 0.405 3.0 2.3
6.0 94 0.430 3.1 2.4