The population is not confined to people only, but it may also include animals, events, objects, buildings,

etc.

True

It is the study of how to collect, organize, analyze, and interpret numerical information from data.

a.Statistics

These are the two main branches of statistics

b. Descriptive and Inferential

What is a number or attribute computed for each member of a population or a sample?

b.Measurement

Which is considered as qualitative data?

d. The texture of a rock

Statistics help predicts the future course of action of the phenomena.

b.Forecasting

Which among the set is bimodal?

a. {12, 22, 43, 22, 12}

The characteristic of population based on all units is called parameter while the measure of sample
observation is called statistic.

True

The statistics are presented in a indefinite form so they also help in condensing the data into important
figures.

False

One disadvantage of the mean is that a small number of extreme values can distort its value.

True

Statistics is only the science of uncertainty and not the technology of extracting information from data.

False

The mean is sensitive to any change in value, unlike the median and mode, where a change to an
extreme or uncommon value usually has no effect.

True

Statistics help predicts the future course of action of the phenomena.

The measures of central tendency are mean, median and mode.

True

Example of this are number of episodes of respiratory arrests or the number of re-intubations in an
intensive care unit.

b. Discrete Data

It is a characteristic that varies from one individual member of population to another individual.

d.Variable

These are numerical measurements that arise from a natural numerical scale.

b. Quantitative Variable

Descriptive Statistics is the branch of statistics that involves organizing, displaying and describing data.

True

These are often used to communicate research findings and to support hypotheses and give credibility
to research methodology and conclusions.

d. Statistical Method and Analyses

Which among the data is a sample?

c. One section out of all IT Students

Which is another term for dependent variable?

d. Predicted Variable

It a characteristic or feature that varies, or changes within a study

b.Variable

The significance of statistical figures can be seen best when validating solid arguments or predictions out
of hypotheses or conjectures that may seem overwhelming to a layman.

True

Variables are central to any analysis and they do not need to be understood well by the researcher.

False

It is often based on statements of statistical significance and probability.

b. Modern science

It varies according to changes in other variables.

It is the science of uncertainty.

d. Probability and Statistics

Say you want to figure out which brand of microwave popcorn pops the most kernels so you can get the
most value for your money. You test different brands of popcorn to see which bag pops the most
popcorn kernels. Which among the choices is the independent variable?

a. Brand of popcorn bags

The more variables, the more complex the study and the more complex the statistical analysis.

True

We use statistics when the number of cases that can occur are really small.

False

It varies according to changes in other variables.

d. Dependent Variable

Variables can be defined in terms of measurable factors through a process of

a.Operationalization

It is also a logical grouping of attributes.

c.Variable

Independent and dependent variables always go on the same places in a graph.

True

It involves the application of specific statistical techniques to disciplines in biology such as population
genetics, epidemiology and public health.

b.Biostatistics

It is often based on statements of statistical significance and probability.

d. Modern science

Say you want to figure out which brand of microwave popcorn pops the most kernels so you can get the
most value for your money. You test different brands of popcorn to see which bag pops the most
popcorn kernels. Which among the choices is the independent variable?

b. Brand of popcorn bags

It is a variable that goes on the y-axis, or vertical axis.

d. Dependent Variable
It is the scientific study of earthquakes.

Seismology

The value of statistics is strong because they cannot serve as predictions as well as probabilities in
certain trends.

False

Knowing the level of measurement helps you decide what statistical analysis is appropriate on the
values that were assigned

True

There is a subtype in ordinal scale with only two categories like one of the nominal scale and is known as
dichotomous ordinal scale.

False

Classify the level of measurement it belongs: Birth Order

c.Ordinal

It has have no order and thus only gives names or labels to various categories.

d.Nominal

Which is not a level of measurement?

c.Proportion

How many levels of measurements were discussed?

b.Four

Classify the level of measurement it belongs: Gender

a.Nominal

Ratio scale is the 2nd level of measurement that reports the ranking and ordering of the data without
actually establishing the degree of variation between them.

False

It has the highest level of measurements.

c.Ratio

Nominal provides the least amount of detail, and ratio provide the most amount of detail.

True
In this level of measurement, the numbers in the variable are used only to classify the data.

a.Nominal

Compute the frequency of all nominal variables using what formula?

d.=COUNTIF()

It does not only classify and order the measurements, but it also specifies that the distances between
each interval on the scale are equivalent along the scale from low interval to high interval.

d.Interval

In this level of measurement, the observations, in addition to having equal intervals, can have a value of
zero as well.

c.Ratio

Interval scales are exactly like ratio scales, except that they have a true zero point

False

Which is classified as Ratio?

b.Sibling

Which is not classified as Nominal?

c.Age

Achievement is classified under what level of measurement?

b.Interval

Age is under what level of measurements?

b.Interval

Sex or Gender is classified under what level of measurement?

a.Nominal

Which of the following definition defines interval scale?

d. Have meaningful intervals between measurements, but there is no true starting point (zero).

The central tendency of the ordinal scale is

a.Median

In ratio scale, variables can be systematically added, subtracted, multiplied and divided.

True
It gives the ability to quantify and differentiate between options.

c.Interval

Point _______________________ is an essential characteristic to measure a ratio between any two

d.zero

It refers to the relationship among the values that are assigned to the attributes for a variable.

c. Levels of Measurement

The interval scale gives the ability to quantify and differentiate between options.

True

It is when numbers don’t define the characteristics related to the object.

d.Nominal

Although in an interval scale, since there is an absence of the absolute 0 and it works on the principal of
an arbitrary 0, the division of variables is not possible.

True

It is used as a comparison parameter to understand whether the variables are greater or lesser than one
another using sorting.

b.Ordinal

All measurements contain some uncertainty and error, and statistical methods help us quantify and
characterize this uncertainty.

True

Which is not a level of measurement in Statistics?

a.Proportion

It is also a logical grouping of attributes.

d.Variable

The statistics are presented in a indefinite form so they also help in condensing the data into important
figures.

False

It is a variable that goes on the y-axis, or vertical axis.

c. Dependent Variable
It is commonly used for analyzing experiment results, testing their significance and displaying the results
accordingly.

b. Statistical Method

Say youre interested in how rising sea temperatures impact algae life, so you design an experiment that
measures the number of algae in a sample of water taken from a specific ocean site under varying
temperatures. What is the independent variable?

c. The temperature of the ocean

It is a nominal level variable that can take only two values (yes/no, male/female, Hungarian/non-
Hungarian).

d.Dichotomy

It is the branch of statistics that involves drawing conclusions about a population based on the
information contained in a sample taken from that population.

d. Inferential Statistics

It tries to describe the relationship between variables in a sample or population and provides a summary
of data in the form of mean, median and mode.

d. Descriptive Statistics

The time invested often requires determination of the appropriate methodology to apply in analysis
corresponding to the hypothesis and design of the investigation.

True

Statistics is only the science of uncertainty and not the technology of extracting information from data.

False

It is the outcome variable measured in each subject, which may be influenced by manipulation of what
variable?

d.Independent

It is a branch of science that deals with the collection, organization, analysis of data and drawing of
inferences from the samples to the whole population.

c.Statistics

It has an absolute zero.

b.Ratio

These are measurements for which there is no natural numerical scale, but which consist of attributes,
labels, or other non numerical characteristics.

a. Qualitative Data
Which is an example of interval scale?

d. Time of the day on a 12-hour clock

It is a characteristic that varies from one individual member of population to another individual.

a.Variable

It is the variable whose change isn’t affected by any other variable in the experiment.

d. Independent Variable

An interval scale indicates direction, in addition to providing nominal information.

False

Using a ratio scale permits comparisons such as being twice as high, or one-half as much.

True

Nominal is hardly measurement. It refers to quantity more than quality.

False

Measurement at the interval or ratio level is desirable because we can use the more powerful statistical
procedures available for ____________ and _______________________.

a. Mean and Standard Deviation

When the number of elements of the population is fixed and thus making it possible to enumerate it in
totality.

b. Finite Population

The independent variables are called as predicated variable because independent variables predict or
forecast the values of the dependent variable in the model.

False

A set is said to be multimodal if it has _________________________.

d. Three or more modes

One disadvantage of the mean is that a small number of extreme values can distort its value.

True

Variables can be defined in terms of measurable factors through a process of

a.Variable

If a researcher aims to find the average height of a tribe in Columbia, the variable would simply be
__________________ in the sample.
d. The height of the person

Numbers can be also used to order

True

Parametric type of test.

d. ANOVA Test

Non parametric tests are used when your data is normal

False

Parametric tests can provide trustworthy results with distributions that are skewed and nonnormal

True

Valid for both non-Normally distributed data and Normally distributed data

a. Non Parametric Test

Non-parametric tests are "distribution-free" and, as such, can be used for non-Normal variables

True

The parametric test is the hypothesis test which provides generalizations for making statements about
the ____________________ of the parent population.

a.Mean

Non Parametric tests can provide trustworthy results when the groups have different amounts of
variability

False

If you are using interval or ratio scales you use _________________________________.

a. Parametric Test

It provides a mechanism for making quantitative decisions about a process or processes.

d. Statistical Test

Those that make assumptions about the parameters of the population distribution from which the
sample is drawn

d. Parametric Test

It arise out of the fact that sampling naturally incurs sampling error and thus a sample is not expected to
perfectly represent the population
d. Inferential Statistics

It is the term given to the analysis of data that helps describe, show or summarize data in a meaningful
way such that, for example, patterns might emerge from the data.

b. Descriptive Statistics

A population can be small or large, as long as it includes all the data you are interested in.

True

If your data isn’t normally distributed, you can’t run the Kruskal-Wallis test., but you can run the
nonparametric alternative–the ANOVA

False

If you have parametric data, you can run a Wilcoxon rank-sum test to compare means

False

Descriptive statistics are very important because if we simply presented our raw data it would be hard
to visualize what the data was showing, especially if there was a lot of it.

True

With this test, you also estimate the population median and compare it to a reference/target value.

b. 1-sample Wilcoxon signed rank test

Use this test instead of a one-way ANOVA to find out if two or more medians are different.

b. Kruskal- Wallis test

Use when you want to find a correlation between two sets of data.

b. Spearman Rank Correlation

This test is used to test for differences between groups with ordinal dependent variables

c. Friedman test

There are four major characteristics of a single variable that we tend to look at

False

Every time you try to describe a large set of observations with a single indicator you run the risk of
distorting the original data or losing important detail.

True

Descriptive statistics are typically distinguished from ____________________________.

b. Inferential Statistics
A researcher can create a map to represent data relationships visually using this

c. GIS Program

Display the relationship between two quantitative or numeric variables by plotting one variable against
the value of another variable

b. Scatter Plots

Distributions cannot be displayed using percentages

False

It provides a visual representation of the data.

a. Graphical Method

Visually represent the frequencies with which values of variables occur.

b.Histograms

We use inferential statistics to make judgments of the probability that an observed difference between
groups is a dependable one or one that might have happened by chance in this study

True

It is a computer system capable of capturing, storing, analyzing, and displaying geographically

a.GIS

What other solution can you do to compute for the average of the scores?

d. =SUM()/COUNT()

What is the average of scores of the subject Mathematics? 1, 2, 2, 2, 3, 3, 5, 5, 6, 6, 6, 6

d.3.9

What is the mean of the scores of the subject Language? 1, 2, 2, 2, 3, 3, 5, 5, 6, 6, 6, 6

d.3.92

What is the mode of the scores? 1, 2, 2, 2, 2, 3, 3, 5, 5, 6, 6, 6, 6

b. 2 and 6

What is the mode of the scores of the subject Social Science? 1, 2, 2, 2, 3, 3, 5, 5, 6

b.2

What is the median of the scores of the subject Language? 1, 2, 2, 2, 3, 3, 5, 5, 6, 6, 6, 6

d.4
What is the median of the scores of the subject Science? 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 5, 9, 9, 10

c.5

What function is use to compute for the average in Excel?

b.=AVERAGE()

What is the mode of the scores of the subject Mathematics? 1, 2, 2, 2, 3, 3, 5, 5, 6, 6, 6, 6

b.6

What is the average of scores of the subject Social Science? 1, 2, 2, 2, 3, 3, 5, 5, 6

d.3.2

Variance is a square of average distance between each quantity and mean.

True

It involves the examination across cases of one variable at a time.

d. Univariate Analysis

It is the difference between lowest and highest value.

b.Range

Mean may be influenced profoundly by the extreme variables called _____________________.

d.Outliers

It is a measure of where the "middle fifty" is in a data set

b. Interquartile Range

In statistics and probability, quartiles are values that divide your data into quarters provided data is
sorted in an ascending order.

True

Percentile is a way to represent position of a values in data set.

True

A set cannot have more than one mode.

False

Negative IQR is fine, if your data is in descending order

True

A low standard deviation indicates that the data points tend to be close to the mean of the data set.
True

Depending on the statistical test you have chosen, you will calculate a probability of observing your
sample results (or more extreme) given that the null hypothesis is true.

True

The normal distribution is a continuous probability distribution.

True

If the sample data are consistent with the null hypothesis, then we do not reject it.

True

Sampling is also done to waste time, money and effort while conducting the research.

False

The _________________ must have sufficient size to warrant statistical analysis.

d.Sample

If the sample data are consistent with the null hypothesis, but consistent with the alternative, then we
reject the null hypothesis and conclude that the alternative hypothesis is true.

False

It is the attempt to apply the conclusions that have been obtained from one experimental study to more
general populations.

b. Inferential Statistics

It is the process of taking a subset of subjects that is representative of the entire population.

b. Population Sampling

It is done usually because it is impossible to test every single individual in the population

a. Sampling

The total area under the normal curve is equal to 2.

False
What is the shortcut for getting the variance?

c.=var(B3:B7)

What is the equivalent of the formula given in the variance formula?

D3: = C3^2

b.(Xi - X)^2

What is the shortcut for getting the standard deviation?

c.=stdev(B3:B7)

Xi is each scores of the variables, and N is the number of scores

What is the formula for variance?

d. zigma(Xi - x-bar)^2 / (N - 1)

Identify what branch of statistics focus on the measures of central tendency and dispersion.

c. Descriptive Statistics

What does this line does? average(B3:B7)

c. Get the mean of the scores

What does the formula computed? B13: =sqrt(B12)

b. Standard Deviation

Enter data in A3:B7 the color of 5nips and their total.

c. Color and Number of M&Ms/Nips

What are your expected outputs in this number?

D9: =sum(D3:D7) then B12: =D9/(B10-1)

b. Get the variance

What is purpose of the $? C3: = B3-$B$9

b. Absolute Reference

As with all probability sampling methods, simple random sampling allows the sampling error to be
calculated and reduces selection bias.

True
Stratified sampling improves the accuracy and representativeness of the results by reducing sampling
bias.

True

This method of sampling is often used by market researchers.

d. Quota Sampling

This method is commonly used in social sciences when investigating hard-to-reach groups

c. Snowball Sampling

Stratified sampling is used when we might reasonably expect the measurement of interest to vary
between the different subgroups, and we want to ensure representation from all the subgroups

True

This sampling method is usually employed in studies that are not interested in the parameters of the
entire population.

c. Non Probability Sampling

Also known as selective, or subjective, sampling, this technique relies on the judgement of the
researcher when choosing who to ask to participate

a. Purpose Sampling

Systematic sampling is often more convenient than simple random sampling, and it is easy to
administer.

True

The advantage of using probability sampling is the _______________ of the statistical methods after the
experiment

c. Accuracy

Individuals are selected at regular intervals from the sampling frame.

b. Systematic Sampling

It is a measure of where the "middle fifty" is in a data set

a. Interquartile Range

The advantage of using non probability sampling is the accuracy of the statistical methods after the
experiment

False

This is a sampling technique where the samples are gathered in a process that does not give all the
individuals in the population equal chances of being selected.

c. Non Probability Sampling

False

Snowball sampling can be effective when a sampling frame is easy to identify

False

It gives an indication of how close an individual observation clusters about the mean value

b.Variance

This is a non-probability samplingtechnique wherein the assembled sample has the same proportions of
individuals as the entire population with respect to known characteristics, traits or focused
phenomenon.

c. Quota Sampling

A low standard deviation indicates that the data points tend to be close to the mean of the data set.

True

It is the measurement of average distance between each quantity and mean

a. Standard Deviation

The advantage of using probability sampling is the _______________ of the statistical methods after the
experiment

c.Accuracy

Cluster sampling can be more efficient that simple random sampling, especially where a study takes
place over a wide geographical region.

True

Individuals are selected at regular intervals from the sampling frame.

a. Systematic Sampling

Measures of central location include the range, quartiles and the interquartile range, variance and
standard deviation

False

Use this test instead of a one-way ANOVA to find out if two or more medians are different.

c. Kruskal - Wallis test

Use this test to estimate the median of a population and compare it to a reference value or target value

c. 1-sample sign test

This test is used to test for differences between groups with ordinal dependent variables.
d. Friedman test

Each individual is chosen entirely by chance and each member of the population has an equal chance, or
probability, of being selected

a. Simple Random Sampling

Non probability sampling guarantees that the selection process is completely randomized and without
bias

False

It is a type of non-probability sampling that involves the sample being drawn from that part of the
population that is close to hand.

c. Convenience Sampling

Stratified sampling improves the accuracy and representativeness of the results by reducing sampling
bias.

True

It is the difference between lowest and highest value.

b.Range

With this test, you also estimate the population median and compare it to a reference/target value.

c. 1-sample Wilcoxon signed rank test

Subgroups of the population are used as the sampling unit, rather than individuals

c. Clustered Sampling

In this method, the population is first divided into subgroups (or strata) who all share a similar
characteristic.

b. Stratified Sampling

It is the test of association for ranked variables.

b. Goodman Kruska's Gamma

It is the most frequently occurring variable in a distribution.

c.Mode

It isa non-probability sample that is selected based on characteristics of a population and the objective
of the study.

d. Purpose Sampling
This method is a nonprobability sampling technique where existing study subjects recruit future subjects
from among their acquaintances.

c. Snowball Sampling

A set can have more than one mode.

True

Sampling is also done to waste time, money and effort while conducting the research.

False

It is the attempt to apply the conclusions that have been obtained from one experimental study to more
general populations.

c. Inferential Statistics

It refers to a family of continuous probability distributions described by the normal equation

d. Normal Distribution

Depending on the statistical test you have chosen, you will calculate a probability of observing your
sample results (or more extreme) given that the null hypothesis is true.

True

It is the process of taking a subset of subjects that is representative of the entire population.

d. Population Sampling

Every individual in the population have equal chance of being selected as a subject for the research.

d. Probability Sampling

If the sample data are consistent with the null hypothesis, then we do not reject it.

True

The total area under the normal curve is equal to 2

False

It is done usually because it is impossible to test every single individual in the population

b.Sampling

Statistics are powerful tools, but it's the analysis provided afterwards by inferential statistics that
explicitly makes claims about what those results mean, why, and in what context

True
You obtain a sample chi-square value of X2 = -5.49. On the basis of this value, you know that

c. you have made a calculation error; chi-square values cannot be negative.

The chi-square test is used when we have ordinal data.

False

Which of the following is the correct formula for the chi-square goodness-of-fit test?

x^2 = Zigma (o - e)^2 / E

The null hypothesis for all chi-square tests asks whether the observed number of cases in a sample what
we expect from knowledge of the population.

True

When the expected values (E) are obtained by multiplying row totals by column totals and dividing by N,
the chi-square test is

c. a chi-square test of independence.

The degrees of freedom for a 2 x 2 cross-tabulation table for the chi-square test of independence equal

c. 1

The null hypothesis for the chi-square goodness-of-fit test states that the distribution of

b. cases for each group is equal to the expected distribution based on theory/knowledge of the
population.

Statisticians now believe that if the expected value (E) falls below 5-10 our chi-square test is not valid.

False

What is commonly used for testing relationships between categorical variables?

b.Chi-Square

You want to know whether people in different regions of the country are equally likely to vote
Democratic, Republican, Independent, or Libertarian in the next election. You would use a

b. chi-square test of independence.

c. One-sample chi-square

When the expected values (E) are obtained by multiplying row totals by column totals and dividing by N ,
the chi-square test is

a. a chi-square test of independence.

The chi-square goodness-of-fit test is used to test discrete distributions only.

False

In contingency analysis, we expect the actual frequencies in each cell to approximately match the
corresponding expected cell frequencies when the characteristics are independent.

True

The null hypothesis for the chi-square goodness-of-fit test states that the distribution of

a. sample means for each group is equal

The degrees of freedom for a 2 x 2 cross-tabulation table for the chi-square test of independence equal

a.1

Contingency tables and degrees of freedom are key elements of the chi-square test

True

The degrees of freedom for a chi-square goodness-of-fit test are calculated as N-1.

False

If any of the expected cell frequencies are less than 5, categories can be combined so that all expected
frequencies are at least 5.

True

The null hypothesis for a chi-square goodness-of-fit test states that the population data does not follow
the hypothesized distribution.

False
If there is correlation found, depending upon the numerical values measured, this can be either positive
or negative.

True

It is calculated by changing lagged data with the formula for the Pearson product-moment correlation
coefficient.

b. Autocorrelation Coefficient

The correlation coefficient is sensitive to outlying points therefore the correlation coefficient is resistant.

False

You cannot use a Pearson's correlation to understand whether there is an association between exam
performance and time spent revising

False

It implies the correlation among the values of the same variables but at various times

a.Autocorrelation

It is a method of statistical evaluation used to study the strength of a relationship between two,
numerically measured, continuous variables (e.g. height and weight).

d. Correlation Analysis

Correlation analysis can study a wide range of variables and their interrelations.

True

This particular type of analysis is useful when a researcher wants to establish if there are possible
connectionsbetween variables.

d. Correlation Analysis

The most popular forms of Chi-Square used in business studies include Pearson product-moment
correlation, Spearman Rank correlation and Autocorrelation.

False

If correlation is found between two variables it means that when there is _____________ change in one
variable, there is systematic change in the other

a. Systematic
7. Now that we have got Excel to calculate the correlation coefficient we need to interpret it to
understand its true meaning. The value is always between -1 and +1

What is the value of the perfect negative correlation

d.-1

Calculate the correlation coefficient using the CORREL function.

What is the format of the CORREL function?

c. =CORREL(Array1, Array2)

What is the interpretation of our computation?

d. We have a strong negative correlation in the data

What is your interpretation of the chart?

C. As the price go up, the volume goes down

It is rare to find perfect correlation (+1 or -1).

True

What is the reason why it is not necessary to create a scatter chart?

c. It is just for visualizing the data

Create a Scatter Chart of the data.

Is it necessary to create a scatter chart?

b. No

What is the result of the calculation?

c.-0.96

Enter the following data in you Microsoft Excel.

What are the variables in this analysis?

b. Unit Price and Units Sold

What is the value of the perfect positive correlation

b.+1

What does a Pearson's product-moment allow you to identify?

What type of relationships does a Pearson's product-moment assess?

a. It can only assess a linear relationship

If all points cluster in an ascending line this would suggest there would be a strong positive relationship

True

Homoscedasticity can be checked using which type of graph?

d. Scatter graph

It is a measure of the strength and direction of association that exists between two variables measured
on at least an interval scale.

a. Pearson's product-moment correlation

In this correlation the correlation coefficient is not robust due to the fact that strong linear relationships
between the variables are not recognized

b. Pearson's product-moment correlation

The straight line equation y=b0 + b1x is an example of a linear relationship. This means that the changes
in one variable are accompanied by the proportional linear changes in another variable. If you increase
one variable by 1 and the other by 0.5, this is a linear change.

True

By what alternative name is Pearson's Correlation Analysis also known?

b. Pearson's Product-Moment

If most points depict a dispersed descending line this would suggest there would be a weak positive
relationship

True

Pearson's Correlation Coefficient was designed just for linear relationships. Technically, if we get a low
value, or a zero value, it does not mean that there is no relationship. It just means that there is no linear
relationship.

True

Homogeneity of variance is the assumption that:

c. the two populations have different variances

This analysis is appropriate whenever you want to compare the means of two groups, and especially
appropriate as the analysis for the posttest-only two-group randomized experimental design.

d. T-Test

It is used to determine whether there is a significant difference between the means of two groups
c.T-Test

For an independent t-test, we assume that the populations of individual scores have the same variance.

True

After we use the original data to calculate the difference scores for a paired t-test, we no longer need
the original data for the paired t-test calculations.

True

The t distribution varies in shape based on:

d. Sample Size

In a correlated groups design, each person participates in either the control or experimental condition.

False

A small confidence interval is bad because few values are contained within it.

False

The critical values for t will always be ______________ the critical values for z:

c. More than extreme

As the number of observations increases the t-distribution gets to look more like the standard normal
distribution.

True

What is a statistical test which is widely used to compare the mean of two groups of samples. It is
therefore to evaluate whether the means of the two sets of data are statistically significantly different
from each other?

c.T-Test

If I want to compare the performance of a particular group to an established, accepted average but
information about the population standard deviation is not available. I should

b. conduct a one-sample t-test.

It is used to compare the mean of a population with a theoretical value.

a.One-Sample

The main difference between the z and t-tests is that

b. for a z-test the population mean and standard deviation are needed

Since a term including the standard error is added to and subtracted from the mean, if the standard
error is smaller a smaller product will be added to and subtracted from the mean.
True

One of the reasons that a correlated-groups design is more powerful than an independent-samples
design is that in the correlated-groups design

d. the error term is based on the difference scores

Which of the following would most likely cause the confidence interval to become smaller?

b. decreasing the standard error

If we hold all other factors constant, then as the error term of a t-statistic becomes greater,

c. the probability of making a Type II error increases.

How does the shape of the t-distribution change as the sample size increases?

b. It becomes more normal looking.

A repeated measures t-test can be used to assess which of the following?

c. It assesses differences between scores obtained on two separate occasions from the same
participants

What assumption(s) must be met to conduct an independent-samples t-test?

c. All of these

In which of the following cases would an independent-samples t-test not be appropriate?

b. Comparing students attitude change between the start and end of their degree

What is the alternative name for a repeated-measures t-test?

a. A paired-samples t-test

With all inferential statistics, we assume the dependent variable fits a normal distribution

True

What should Levene's test be in order to use the 'equal variance assumed' row of a t-test?

d. It should be significant (P < 0.01)

It is not possible to have a significant test statistic in a study where the effect is slight.

False

The t-test family is not based on the t-distribution, because the difference of mean score for two
multivariate normal variables approximates the t-distribution.

False

The formula for the Chi-Square is a ratio.

The t-test assesses whether the means of two groups are statistically different from each other.

True

You find a statistically significant ANOVA. In order to determine which groups are different, you must
conduct

a. either planned or unplanned comparisons

Statisticians assume a cause effect relationship and say that one or more independent, controlled
variables (the factors) cause the significant difference of one or more characteristics

True

It is generally assumed that the ANOVA is an 'analysis of dependencies.'

True

We use unplanned comparisons to determine

c. which pair or combination of means are significantly different

In ANOVA, 2 and 2

a. estimate the size of the difference between groups

Analysis of Variance

c.ANOVA

The ANOVA structural model (X = + + ) maps sample scores in terms of populations, groups, and
individual scores.

True

The F ratio is typically used to test differences between

d. three or more means.

The main purpose of an ANOVA is to test if two or more groups differ from each other significantly in
one or more characteristics.

True

The F ratio is defined as the average within-groups variance divided by the average between-groups
variance.

False
As variability due to chance decreases, the value of F will

c.Increase

To determine whether the test statistic of ANOVA is statistically significant, it can be compared to a
critical value. What two pieces of information are needed to determine the critical value?

c. sample size, number of groups

When the k population means are truly different from each other, it is likely that the average error
deviation:

c. is relatively small compared to the average treatment deviations

If the MSE of an ANOVA for six treatment groups is known, you can compute

b. the pooled standard deviation

If the true means of the k populations are equal, then MSTR/MSE should be:

d. close to 1.00

The error deviations within the SSE statistic measure distances:

b. within groups

The ______ sum of squares measures the variability of the observed values around their respective
treatment means.

a.error

Analysis of variance is a statistical method of comparing the ________ of several populations.

c.means

The ________ sum of squares measures the variability of the sample treatment means around the
overall mean

b.treatment

Which of the following is an assumption of one-way ANOVA comparing samples from three or more
experimental treatments?

c. All of the mentioned

The number of rows in which total variance in a one way ANOVA partitioned is..

a.2

The alternative hypothesis for the test is that the two means are equal.

False
If you have categorical data, you'll want to run a non-parametric ANOVA (usually found under a different
heading in the software, like "nonparametric tests").

FALSE

ANOVA tests in statistics packages are run on parametric data.

True

The error sum of squares can be obtained from the equation in two way ANOVA

a. SSE = SST – SSR - SSC

The sum of squares due to the column factor for one way analysis of variance is given by

c.SST-SSE

Any difference among the population means in the analysis of variance will inflate the expected values
of

a. MS Columns

There are commonly two types of ANOVA tests for univariate analysis - One-Way ANOVA and Two-Way
ANOVA.

True

A t-test compares means, while the ANOVA compares variances between populations. You could
technically perform a series of t-tests on your data

True

The degrees of freedom for k columns of size n will be..

c.k-1

The chi-square distribution (also called the chi-squared distribution) is a special case of the beta
distribution

False

To use a t-test the dependent variable must have

c. Interval or Ratio Data

The Chi-Square statistic is most commonly used to evaluate Tests of Independence when using a
crosstabulation (also known as a bivariate table).

True

Which of the following is a measure of degree of association?

b. the probability value

b.T-Test

If I want to compare the performance of a particular group to an established, accepted average but
information about the population standard deviation is not available. I should

b. conduct a one-sample t-test

If we hold all other factors constant, then as the error term of a t-statistic becomes greater

a. the probability of making a Type II error increases

It assesses whether the means of two groups are statistically different from each other

b.T-Test

Which type of statistical test should the researcher do?

b. one sample z-test

The null hypothesis of the Chi-Square test is that no relationship exists on the categorical variables in the
population

True

Crosstabulation presents the distributions of two categorical variables simultaneously, with the
intersections of the categories of the variables appearing in the cells of the table.

True

Why, in some cases, is a measure of association needed in addition to a p-value for a statistical test?

a. The p-value only specifies the reliability of the effect.

Which of the following would most likely cause the confidence interval to become smaller?

c. Decreasing the standard error

A chi-square (X2) statistic is used to investigate whether distributions of categorical variables differ from
one another.

True

Confidence interval estimation for a population standard deviation of a normal distribution from a
sample standard deviation.

False

It is the probability of finding the observed, or more extreme, results when the null hypothesis (H0) of a
study question is true - the definition of 'extreme' depends on how the hypothesis is being tested.

b.P-Value
My friend, Bob, believes that his supermarket's prices are lower than mine. We construct a list of
identical items and purchase them at our respective stores every week for two months. Then Bob wants
to know if his hypothesis is supported.

b. Bob has a directional hypothesis and should do a matched t-test

H0 means

a. Null Hypothesis

The alternative hypothesis for the test is that the two means are equal.

False

What is the meaning of ANOVA?

b. Analysis of Variance

The main difference between the z and t-tests is that

d. for a z-test the population mean and standard deviation are needed

The 2 x 2 contingency table is the most complicated case of Chi-Square Test.

False

What is the value of the standard error of the mean?

d..714

It is most commonly applied when the test statistic would follow a normal distribution if the value of a
scaling term in the test statistic were known.

c.T-Test

The gamma distribution describes the square root of a variable distributed according to a chi-square
distribution

False

The Chi Square statistic is commonly used for testing relationships between categorical variables.

True

How does the shape of the t-distribution change as the sample size increases?

c. It becomes more normal looking

One of the reasons that a correlated-groups design is more powerful than an independent-samples
design is that in the correlated-groups design
c. the error term is based on the difference scores

Which of the following is an appropriate null hypothesis for this study?

a. Problem-solving skills in open classrooms are equal to problem-solving skills in traditional classrooms.

According to the text, which of the following is not another name for the correlated-groups design?

b. repeated-measures design