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5.4. Supplemental Notes

This document discusses concepts related to density and specific gravity. It defines density as mass per unit volume and specific gravity as the ratio of a substance's density to that of water. Specific volume is defined as the inverse of density. Several formulas are provided to calculate density, specific gravity, mass, and volume using these properties. Example calculations demonstrate how to use the formulas to find specific gravity, volume, mass, and other values using given densities, masses, volumes, and specific gravities of various substances.

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104 views3 pages

5.4. Supplemental Notes

This document discusses concepts related to density and specific gravity. It defines density as mass per unit volume and specific gravity as the ratio of a substance's density to that of water. Specific volume is defined as the inverse of density. Several formulas are provided to calculate density, specific gravity, mass, and volume using these properties. Example calculations demonstrate how to use the formulas to find specific gravity, volume, mass, and other values using given densities, masses, volumes, and specific gravities of various substances.

Uploaded by

Rachelle Co
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Supplemental Notes:

Density and Specific Gravity


CONCEPTS

I. Density
➢ Mass per unit volume of a substance
➢ SI unit of density is kg/m3—but since this is a very large value, most solids and liquids
have densities expressed in g/cc or g/cm3 or g/mL
➢ Density can be used as a conversion factor for switching between mass and volume.
➢ Practical Application:
1. Submarine
2. Hot air balloon (Helium)
3. Logs floating in water
4. Lava lamp

II. Specific Gravity


➢ It is a property of fluids related to density and viscosity.
➢ It is a ratio expressed decimally of the weight of the given substance to the weight of an
equal volume of water
➢ Water and Hydrogen are the standards for liquids and gases, respectively
➢ It is a constant value for all substance (under measured controlled conditions).
➢ Remember:
Sp Gr <1: lighter than water
Sp Gr >1: heavier than water
➢ Pycnometer and Plummet Method→ 2 laboratory applications to calculate specific
gravity

III. Specific Volume


➢ Inverse of density
➢ Quantifies the amount of space that a certain mass of material occupies
➢ SI Unit: cm3/kg
➢ Application:
✓ Thermodynamics
✓ Engineering

FORMULAS
mass
1. 𝐷𝑒𝑛𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑦 = (unit: g/mL or g/cc)
volume

𝑊𝑒𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝑠𝑢𝑏𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒
2. 𝑆𝑝𝑒𝑐𝑖𝑓𝑖𝑐 𝐺𝑟𝑎𝑣𝑖𝑡𝑦 = (unit: None)
𝑊𝑒𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝐸𝑞𝑢𝑖𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑣𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑤𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑟

𝐺𝑟𝑎𝑚
3. Milliliter =
𝑆𝑝𝑒𝑐𝑖𝑓𝑖𝑐 𝐺𝑟𝑎𝑣𝑖𝑡𝑦

4. Grams = Milliliter x Specific Gravity


𝑣𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑒
5. 𝑆𝑝𝑒𝑐𝑖𝑓𝑖𝑐 𝑣𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑒 =
𝑚𝑎𝑠𝑠

COMPUTATIONS
1. A specific gravity bottle weighs 23.66g. when filled with water, it weighs 72.95g; when
filled with Liquid A, it weighs 73.56g. what is the specific gravity of the liquid?
1.1. Given:
Weight of empty pycnometer: 23.66 g
Weight of pycnometer + water: 72.95 g
Weight of pycnometer + Liquid A: 73.56 g

1.2. Unknown
Specific gravity of Liquid A

1.3. Solution
1.3.a. Compute for the equivalent weight of water: 72.95 g – 23.66 g = 49.29 g
1.3.b. Compute for the weight of Liquid A: 73.56 g – 23.66 g = 49.9 g
1.3.c. Compute for specific gravity of Liquid A
𝑊𝑒𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝑠𝑢𝑏𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒 49.9
𝑆𝑝𝑒𝑐𝑖𝑓𝑖𝑐 𝐺𝑟𝑎𝑣𝑖𝑡𝑦 = 𝑊𝑒𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝐸𝑞𝑢𝑖𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑣𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑤𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑟 = 49.29 = ________

2. What is the volume, in mL, of 492g of nitric acid with a specific gravity of 1.40?

3. What is the volume, in mL, of 1lb of methyl salicylate with a specific gravity of 1.185?

4. What is the weight, in grams, of 3,620mL of alcohol with a sp gr of 0.820? (Ans: 2,968 g)

5. A piece of copper metal weighs 53.6 g and has a volume of 6 mL. Calculate its density.

6. If a liter of a cough syrup weighs 1,285 g, what is its sp gr?

7. If 380 g of cottonseed oil measures 415 mL, what is its specific gravity?

8. If 2 fl.oz of glycerol weighs 74.1g, what is its sp gr?

9. If chloroform has a sp gr of 1.476, what is its specific volume?

10. A glass plummet weighs 14.35 g in air, 11.4g when immersed in water, and 8.95 g when
immersed in H2SO4. Calculate the sp gr of the acid.
10.1. Given
Weight of plummet in air = 14.35 g
Weight of plummet in water = 11.4 g
Weight of plummet in acid = 8.95 g
10.2. Unknown: sp gr of acid
10.3. Solution
Wt of displaced water: 14.35 g – 11.4 g = _____
Wt of displaced acid: 14.35 g – 8.85 g = ______

𝑊𝑒𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝑠𝑢𝑏𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒
𝑆𝑝𝑒𝑐𝑖𝑓𝑖𝑐 𝐺𝑟𝑎𝑣𝑖𝑡𝑦 = =
𝑊𝑒𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝐸𝑞𝑢𝑖𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑣𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑤𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑟

11. The formula for 1000g of PEG-400 ointment calls for 600g PEG-400. At Php 19.15 per
pint, what is the cost of PEG-400, sp gr 1.14, needed to prepare 4,000g of the ointment?
(Refer to the video lecture if this particular problem is confusing)

12. A transdermal patch for smoking cessation contains 30mg of liquid nicotine per patch. If
nicotine has sp gr of 1.01, how many mL of the agent are required to manufacture 1
million patches?
(Hint: Enlarge the formula before using formula #3)

13. How many grams of dextrose are contained in 250mL IV infusion of a dextrose injection
containing 60g of dextrose per 100mL if its sp gr is 1.20?

Reference: Pharmaceutical Calculations 13 th

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