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Tutorial 2 (Fluid Properties) - Fluid Mechanics

This document contains 23 questions about fluid properties and concepts including: 1) The difference between intensive and extensive properties. 2) Specific gravity and its relation to density. 3) Conditions under which the ideal gas assumption is suitable for real gases. 4) The difference between R and Ru and their relation. 5) Determining properties of helium in a spherical balloon. 6) Calculating pressure changes and air loss in an automobile tire with temperature changes.

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ain nizam
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97 views3 pages

Tutorial 2 (Fluid Properties) - Fluid Mechanics

This document contains 23 questions about fluid properties and concepts including: 1) The difference between intensive and extensive properties. 2) Specific gravity and its relation to density. 3) Conditions under which the ideal gas assumption is suitable for real gases. 4) The difference between R and Ru and their relation. 5) Determining properties of helium in a spherical balloon. 6) Calculating pressure changes and air loss in an automobile tire with temperature changes.

Uploaded by

ain nizam
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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BMCG 2372 Tutorial 2 : Fluid Property

1. What is the difference between intensive and extensive properties?

2. What is specific gravity? How is it related to density?

3. Under what conditions is the ideal-gas assumption suitable for real gases?

4. What is the difference between R and Ru? How are these two related?

5. A spherical balloon with a diameter of 6 m is filled with helium at 20°C and 200 kPa.
Determine the mole number and the mass of the helium in the balloon. (Answers: 9.28
kmol, 37.2 kg)

6. The pressure in an automobile tire depends on the temperature of the air in the tire.
When the air temperature is 25°C, the pressure gage reads 210 kPa. If the volume of the
tire is 0.025 m3, determine the pressure rise in the tire when the air temperature in the
tire rises to 50°C. Also, determine the amount of air that must be bled off to restore
pressure to its original value at this temperature. Assume the atmospheric pressure to
be 100 kPa. (Answers: 26 kPa, 0.007 kg)

7. In a piping system, the water temperature remains under 40°C. Determine the minimum
pressure allowed in the system to avoid cavitation. (Answer: 7.38 kPa)

8. The analysis of a propeller that operates in water at 20°C shows that the pressure at the
tips of the propeller drops to 2 kPa at high speeds. Determine if there is a danger of
cavitation for this propeller. (Answer: 2.339 kPa)

9. A pump is used to transport water to a higher reservoir. If the water temperature is 25°C,
determine the lowest pressure that can exist in the pump without cavitation. (Answer:
3.17 kPa)

10. What is the difference between the macroscopic and microscopic forms of energy?

11. What is total energy? Identify the different forms of energy that constitute the total
energy.

12. Water at 15°C and 1 atm pressure is heated to 100°C at constant pressure. Using
coefficient of volume expansion data, determine the change in the density of water.
(Answer: -38.7 kg/m3)

13. What is viscosity? What is the cause of it in liquids and in gases? Do liquids or gases
have higher dynamic viscosities?

14. What is a Newtonian fluid? Is water a Newtonian fluid?

15. Consider two identical small glass balls dropped into two identical containers, one filled
with water and the other with oil. Which ball will reach the bottom of the container
first? Why?
BMCG 2372 Tutorial 2 : Fluid Property

16. A 50-cm x 30-cm x 20-cm block weighing 150 N is to be moved at a constant velocity
of 0.8 m/s on an inclined surface with a friction coefficient of 0.27.

a. Determine the force F that needs to be applied in the horizontal direction.


b. If a 0.4-mm-thick oil film with a dynamic viscosity of 0.012 Pa.s is applied
between the block and inclined surface, determine the percent reduction in the
required force.

(Answers: a. 105.5 N, b. 45.8% )

17. A thin 20-cm x 20-cm flat plate is pulled at 1 m/s horizontally through a 3.6-mm-thick
oil layer sandwiched between two plates, one stationary and the other moving at a
constant velocity of 0.3 m/s. The dynamic viscosity of oil is 0.027 Pa.s. Assuming the
velocity in each oil layer to vary linearly,
a. Plot the velocity profile and find the location where the oil velocity is zero.
b. Determine the force that needs to be applied on the plate to maintain this motion.

(Answers: a. 0.6 mm, b. 1.62 N)

18. How does the dynamic viscosity of (a) liquids and (b) gases vary with temperature?

19. How does the kinematic viscosity of (a) liquids and (b) gases vary with temperature?

20. The viscosity of a fluid is to be measured by a viscometer constructed of two 75-cm-


long concentric cylinders. The outer diameter of the inner cylinder is 15 cm, and the
gap between the two cylinders is 0.12 cm. The inner cylinder is rotated at 200 rpm, and
the torque is measured to be 0.8 Nm. Determine the viscosity of the fluid.
(Answer: 0.0231 Ns/m2)
BMCG 2372 Tutorial 2 : Fluid Property

21. A 1.9-mm-diameter tube is inserted into an unknown liquid whose density is 960 kg/m3,
and it is observed that the liquid rises 5 mm in the tube, making a contact angle of 15°.
Determine the surface tension of the liquid.
(Answer: 0.0232N/m)

22. Define stress, normal stress, shear stress, and


pressure. Nutrients dissolved in water are carried to
upper parts of plants by tiny tubes partly because of
the capillary effect. Determine how high the water
solution will rise in a tree in a 0.005-mm-diameter
tube as a result of the capillary effect. Treat the
solution as water at 20°C with a contact angle of
15°. (Answer: 5.75 m)

23. The surface tension of a liquid is to be measured


using a liquid film suspended on a U-shaped wire
frame with an 8-cm-long movable side. If the force
needed to move the wire is 0.012 N, determine the
surface tension of this liquid in air.
(Answer: 0.075 N/m)

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