ESTIMATING AND COSTING

Subject Code: A70138

Regulations: R15 - JNTUH
Class : IV Year B.Tech CE I Semester

Department of Civil Engineering

BHARAT INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
Ibrahimpatnam - 501 510, Hyderabad

ESTIMATING AND COSTING (A70138)

COURSE PLANNER
I. COURSE OVERVIEW:
 Estimation is the technique of calculating or computing the carious quantities and the expected
expenditure to be incurred on a particular work or project. Before sanction or approval of any
project or work, its estimated cost worked out and necessary funds are sanctioned by the
competent authority. For all the engineering works it is required to know beforehand the
probable cost of constructions known as the estimated cost. If the estimated cost is greater than
the money available, then attempts are made to reduce the work by reducing the work or by
changing the specifications. In preparing a estimate the quantities of different items of work are
calculated by simple methods and from these the quantities the cost is calculated.
II. PREREQUISITE(S):
Level Credits Periods / Prerequisites
Week
Building materials, construction &
planning , Reinforced concrete structures
UG 4 5
design and drawing

III. COURSE OBJECTIVES:

To introduce students to the
a) Classify Basic concepts, techniques and applications of Estimation and costing.
b) Understand how to prepare a detailed estimate for a residential buildingand calculate the
quantities for various items of work
c) Analyse the rates for various items of work and to prepare a abstract estimate
d) Identify the preparation of bar bending schedule for reinforcement works.
e) Create various Tender documents for bidding purpose

IV. COURSE OUTCOMES:

After completing this course the student must demonstrate the knowledge and ability to:
i. Understand the preparation of an Abstract Estimate for a Residential Building
ii. Analyse the units for various quantities of items of work.
iii. Demonstrate the calculation of earth work quantity for roads and canals.
iv. Evaluate the rates for various items of work
v. Design and Prepare Bar bending schedule for reinforcement works.
vi. Understand how to prepare a Notice inviting tender document for bidding.
vii. Demonstrate knowledge of professional and ethical responsibilities andthe impact of
engineering solutions on the society and also be aware of contemporary issues.
viii. Create new technologies to develop concrete estimating methods for more ethical and
enhanced usage.
ix. Evaluate the valuation of building .
x. Preparation of standard specifications for different items of building construction.

V. HOW PROGRAM OUTCOMES ARE ASSESSED:

Proficienc
Program Outcomes Level
y assessed
by
 Engineering knowledge: Apply the knowledge of
mathematics, science, engineering fundamentals, and Assignments
an engineering specialization to the solution of S
PO1 Tutorials.
complex engineering problems.
Problem analysis: Identify, formulate, review research
literature, and analyze complex engineering problems Assignments,
reaching substantiated conclusions using first H Tutorials,
PO2
principles of mathematics, natural sciences, and Exams.
engineering sciences
Design/development of solutions: Design solutions
for complex engineering problems and design system
Assignments,
components or processes that meet the specified needs
with appropriate consideration for the public health H Tutorials,
PO3
Exams
and safety, and the cultural, societal, and
environmental considerations.
Conduct investigations of complex problems: Use
research-based knowledge and research methods
including design of experiments, analysis and S --
PO4
interpretation of data, and synthesis of the information
to provide valid conclusions.
Modern tool usage: Create, select, and apply
appropriate techniques, resources, and modern Assignment
engineering and IT tools including prediction and H and
PO5
modeling to complex engineering activities with an Exams
understanding of the limitations.
The engineer and society: Apply reasoning informed
by the contextual knowledge to assess societal, health,
safety, legal and cultural issues and the consequent S --
PO6 responsibilities relevant to the professional engineering
practice.
Environment and sustainability: Understand the
impact of the professional engineering solutions in
PO7 societal and environmental contexts, and demonstrate S --
the knowledge of, and need for sustainable
development.
Ethics: Apply ethical principles and commit to Assignment
professional ethics and responsibilities and norms of S and
PO8 the engineering practice. Exams
Individual and team work: Function effectively as an Assignment
PO9 individual, and as a member or leader in diverse teams, H and
and in multidisciplinary settings. Exams
 Communication: Communicate effectively on
complex engineering activities with the engineering Assignment
community and with society at large, such as, being H and
PO10 able to comprehend and write effective reports and
Exams
design documentation, make effective presentations,
and give and receive clear instructions.
Life-long learning: Recognize the need for, and have
the preparation and ability to engage in independent Assignment
H and
PO11 and life-long learning in the broadest context of
technological change. Exams
Project management and finance: Demonstrate
knowledge and understanding of the engineering and
N --
Po12 management principles and apply these to one’s own
work, as a member

S – Supportive H - Highly Related

VI. HOW PROGRAM SPECIFIC OUTCOMES ARE ASSESSED:

Program specific outcomes Level Proficienc
y Assessed
ENGINEERING KNOWLEDGE: Graduates shall By
demonstrate sound knowledge in analysis, design,
Lectures,
PSO 1 laboratory investigations and construction aspects of civil H
engineering infrastructure, along with good foundation in Assignments
mathematics, basic sciences and technical communication.
BROADNESS AND DIVERSITY: Graduates will have a
broad understanding of economical, environmental, societal,
health and safety factors involved in infrastructural
PSO 2 H Labs, Projects
development, and shall demonstrate ability to function
within multidisciplinary teams with competence in modern
tool usage.
SELF-LEARNING AND SERVICE: Graduates will be
motivated for continuous self-learning in engineering
practice and/ or pursue research in advanced areas of civil
PSO 3 engineering in order to offer engineering services to the S Guest Lectures
society, ethically and responsibly.

S - Supportive H- Highly Related

VII. SYLLABUS:
UNIT – I:
General items of work in buildings–Standard units – Principles of working out quantities for
detailed and abstract estimates – Approximate method of estimating. Detailed estimates of
buildings.
UNIT – II:
Earthwork for Roads and Canals
UNIT – III:
Rate Analysis - working out data for various items of work over head and contingent changes.
UNIT – IV:
Reinforcement bar Bending and bar requirement schedule. Contracts – Types of Contracts –
Contract Documents – Conditions of Contract
UNIT – V:
Valuation of Buildings, Standard specifications for different items of building construction
SUGGESTED BOOKS:
TEXTBOOKS:
1. Estimating and Costing by B. N. Dutta, UBS publishers, (2000).
2. Estimating and Costing by G. S. Birdie.
REFERENCE BOOKS:
1. Standard schedule of rates and standard data book by public works department.
2. I.S. 1200 (Parts I to XXV – 1974/method of measurement of building and Civil Engineering
works – B.I.S)
3. Estimation, costing and specifications by M. Chakraborthi; laxmi publications.
4. National building code
NPTEL WEB COURSE:
http://nptel.ac.in/courses/105103093/14
NPTEL VIDEO COURSE:
http://nptel.ac.in/courses/105103093/14#
GATE SYLLABUS:
NA
IES SYLLABUS:
NA
 VIII. COURSE PLAN:
Lecture
Wee Topics to be covered Learning Objective
No. Unit References
k
Introduction to General items Units of different quantities,
1. 1 1 T1: 1.1 - 3
of work in Building procedure of estimating.
2. 1 1 Principles of working out
Principles of working out
quantities for detailed and T1: 1.3 – 5
3. 1 1 quantities
abstract estimate
4. 1 1 Problems related to estimation
5. 2 1 Preparation of quantities for of quantities for abstract
T1: 1.6 – 8
abstract estimate. estimates by approximate
6. 2 1 method of estimating
7. 2 1
Estimates of building Different types of estimates T1: 2.1-.3
8. 2 1
Description of Long wall short
Different methods of wall method of estimation and
9. 3 1 T1: 2.5 – 10
estimation Centre Line method of
Estimation
10. 3 1 Problems related to long wall
Long wall short wall method and short method for a single T1: 3.1 – 5
11. 3 1
room building
12. 3 1
13. 4 1
Problems related to centre line
14. 4 1
Centre line Method method for a single room T1: 3.9 – 10
15. 4 1
building
16. 4 1
17. 5 1
18. 5 2 Introduction ,cross section of
Road Estimating typical road in Banking and T1: 7.1 – 3
19. 5 2
Cutting
20. 5 2 Mid-sectional area method,
Different Methods of Road
Mean Sectional area method, T1: 7.4 – 5
21. 6 2 Estimating
Prismoidal formula method
22. 6 2
23. 6 2
24. 6 2
25. 7 2 Problems related to Mid-
Problems on Road Estimating T1: 7.6 – 9
26. 7 2 sectional area method

27. 7 2

28. 7 2 Introduction to earth work of

Irrigation and Canal works canals, different cases of canal T1: 9.1 – 3
29. 8 2 section and their cross section
30. 8 2 Problems on Canal works Problems related to earthwork T1: 9.4 – 6
31. 8 2 of canals for fully Excavation
32. 8 2 case
33. 9 2
34. 9 2
35. 9 2
36. 9 2
37. 10 2
38. 10 2
39. 10 2
40. 10 3 Introduction to rate analysis,
material required for various
Rate analysis. T1: 11.1 –
41. 11 3 items of work , rates of various
quantities , material , labour
42. 11 3 Problems on analysis of rates
Analysis of rates for Cement
43. 11 3 for Cement Concrete of 1:2:4;
Concrete for different mix T1: 11.3 – 5
44. 11 3 1:3:6 & 1:5:10 mix
proportions
45. 12 3
46. 12 3 Analysis of rates for Analysis of rates for Plastering T1: 11.9 –
47. 12 3 plastering for different mix proportions 12
48. 12 4 Reinforcement bar bending
T1: 12.4-11
49. 13 4 Bar Bending Schedule schedule
50. 13 4 Problems related to
Bar Requirement Schedule reinforcement bar bending and T1: 13.1-9
51. 13 4
bar bending schedule
Introduction to Contracting,
52. 13 4 Contracts contract document, types of T1: 14.1-8
contract.
Requirements of contract, T2: 12. 1 –
53. 14 4
Different types of Contracts types of contract , 3
Security performance of
Contract document contract, conditions of
contract, labour contract, T2: 12. 1 –
54. 14 4
negotiated contract , Earnest 3
money deposit & Security
deposit
Types of tenders, Scrutinizing
T2: 12. 1 –
55. 14 4 Conditions of Contract of tender, Accepting Tenders,
3
Notice Inviting tender
56. 14 5 Introduction, Valuation of
57. 15 5 Valuation of buildings buildings, standard
58. 15 5 specification for different T1: 15.1 – 3
59. 15 5 items of work
60. 15 5
61. 16 5 Ability to understand regarding
different specifications T1: 13.1 – 5
62. 16 5
 Standard specifications (Internal electric wiring,
underground cable works)
63. 16 5 Ability to understand regarding
Specifications for different different specifications of
items of building work overhead lines and street T1: 13.5 –
64. 16 5 lights, specifications for 15
earthing , specifications for
testing and installation

IX. MAPPING COURSE OUTCOMES LEADING TO THE ACHIEVEMENT OF

PROGRAM OUTCOMES AND PROGRAM SPECIFIC OUTCOMES:
Program Specific
Program Outcomes Outcomes
Course
Objectives PO1 PO2 PO3 PO4 PO5 PO6 PO7 PO8 PO9 PO10 PO11 PO12 PSO1PSO2 PSO3
I H H S S S H S S S S H S H H S
II H H S S S H S S S S H S H H S
III H H S S S H S S S S H S H H S
IV H H S S S H S S S S H S H H S
V H H S S S H S S S S H S H H S

S – Supportive H - Highly Related

X. QUESTION BANK: (JNTUH)

DESCRIPTIVE QUESTIONS:
UNIT-I
SHORT QUESTIONS
Blooms
S.N Course
o Question Taxonomy
Outcome
Level
1. What is meant by estimating and costing and state its need? Remember 1
2. Write a short note on types of estimates and their purpose? Remember 1
3. What is specification and mention its necessity. Understand 1
4. State the methods of arriving quantities with brief notes? Understand 1,2
5. Write short notes on units of calculation? Understand 1
6. What is lump sum ‘provision in estimate ‘? Remember 1
7. Explain what is meant by work charged establishment? Remember 1
8. Distinguish between detailed and abstract estimates. Remember 1
9. Write short notes on approximate method of estimating Remember 1
10. Write short notes on main items of work in estimation Remember 1
11. State the necessity of preparing the approximate estimate Understand 2
LONG QUESTIONS
Blooms
S.N Course
o Question Taxonomy
Outcome
Level
1. List out general items of work for building estimates in detail. Understand 2
2. Explain the following general items of work involved in the Remember 2
estimation for a building and its process calculation.
(a) Centering and shuttering (b) Steel work
(c) Lime concrete in roof
(d) Wood work for doors and windows.
3. How do you estimate the quantities of masonry work in Understand 2
semicircular arch?
4. Explain the following general items of work involved in the Understand 2
estimation for a building and its process calculation.
(a) Centering and shuttering (b) Steel work
(c) Lime concrete in roof
(d) Wood work for doors and windows.
5. Give standard specifications for the items in the construction Understand 3
of class ‘C’ residential building: (a) Footing and plinth. (b)
Super structure. (c) Roofs. (d) Damp proof course
6. Explain the following estimates Understand 3
(a) Detailed estimate (b) Repair estimate
(c) Revised estimate and supplementary estimates due to
reduction of cost (d) Quantity estimate.
7. Explain the following methods along with an example. Understand 3
(a) Straight line method (b) Quantity survey method.
8. What is the difference between preliminary estimates, detailed Understand 3
estimates, supplementary estimates and revised estimates?
Under what circumstances each one is prepared and what
statements and drawings are to be attached with each one of
them.
Prepare an approximate estimate of the building with a plinth Understand 3
area of 1600sq.m with the following data.
1. Plinth area rate Rs. 8000 per sq.m 2. Add for architectural
9.
work 2.5% of the cost 3. Add for water supply and sanitary
installation at 5% of the cost.4. Contingencies at 3% of the
cost. 5. Supervision charges at 2 % of the cost.
The plinth area of the apartment is 400sq.m. Determine the Understand 3
total cost of the building with the following data.
1. Cost of construction - Rs. 7500 per cu.m
2. Height of apartment – 16.50m. 3. Water supply, sanitary and
10.
electrical installations each at 5% of building cost.4.
Architectural appearance at 1% of building area.5. Unforeseen
items at 2% of building cost.
6. P.S. charges and contingencies at 4%.
UNIT-II
SHORT QUESTIONS
Blooms
S.N Course
o Question Taxonomy
Outcome
Level
1. Define and explain regarding Earth work embankment Remember 4
2. Define and explain regarding Earthwork cutting Remember 4
3. Define and explain regarding Lead Remember 4
4. Define and explain regarding Lift Remember 4
5. State the methods of calculating quality of earthwork Remember 4
6. Distinguish lead and lift Remember 4
7. Distinguish earthwork in embankment and in cutting Remember 4
8. Distinguish trapezoidal rule and prismoidal rule Remember 4
9. Draw a neat sketch for earthwork banking and describe its
Remember 4
various terms
10. Draw a neat sketch for earthwork cutting and describe its
Remember 4
various terms

LONG QUESTIONS
Blooms
S.N Course
o Question Taxonomy
Outcome
Level
1. Draw the tabular form for the calculation of earthwork with the
following methods.
Understand 4
(a) Mid – ordinate method and
(b) Mean – sectional area method.
2. (a) Explain the terms lead and lift. (b) List out the general
Understand 4
methods for computation of earth work. Explain?
3. How do you calculate:
(a) Earth work with vertical fall of the ground surface for fully
Understand 4
in banking, fully in cutting and partly in banking cutting? (b)
Earth work on curvature of a road without transverse slope.
4. How do you calculate:
(a) Earth work with vertical fall of the ground surface for fully
Understand 4
in banking, fully in cutting and partly in banking cutting? (b)
Earth work on curvature of a road without transverse slope.
5. Calculate the volume of earthwork for 100.00m length of road
in a uniform ground. Height of the bank at one end is 0.75m
and at the other end 1.20m. Formation width is 10.00m and
side slopes of embankment are 2:1. Ground does not have any Understand 4
cross slope. Calculate the volume of earthwork by
1. Mid sectional area method 2. Mean sectional area method
3. Trapezoidal method and 4. Prismoidal method.
6. The formation width of a road embankment is 9.0m. The side
slopes are 2.5:1. The depths along the center line of road at Remember 4
50.0m intervals are 1.2, 1.1, 1.4, 1.2, 0.9, 1.5 and 1.0.m. It is
 required to calculate the quantity of earthwork by
(a) Prismoidal rule. (b) Trapezoidal rule.
7. Calculate the quantity of each work for 200m length for a
portion of a road in an uniform ground the heights of banks at
the two ends being 1.00m and 1.60m. The formation width is
10 m and side slopes 2:1 ( H : V ). Assume that there is no Understand 4
transverse slope. Use the following methods and justify which
method is good.
(a) Mid – sectional area method and (b) Prismoidal formula.
8. A canal is proposed to be excavated between two points A and
B, 120m apart. If the bed width is 10.00m. side slopes 1.5:1
and depth of cutting 1.00m, 2.00m and 3.00m at A,B and C.
Calculate the quantity of earthwork excavation by Understand 4
1. Mid sectional area method 2. Mean sectional area method
The longitudinal section of the position A – B and cross
section at A, B, C and Mid-point section is shown in the figure
9. Calculate the volume of earthwork for 100.00m length of road
in a uniform ground. Height of the bank at one end is 0.75m
and at the other end 1.20m. Formation width is 10.00m and
side slopes of embankment are 2:1. Ground does not have any Understand 4
cross slope. Calculate the volume of earthwork by
1. Mid sectional area method 2. Mean sectional area method
3. Trapezoidal method and 4. Prismoidal method.
10. The formation width of a road embankment is 10.0m. The side
slopes are 1.5:1. The depths along the center line of road at
30.0m intervals are 1.2, 1.1, 1.4, 1.2, 0.9, 1.5 and 1.0.m. It is Remember
required to calculate the quantity of earthwork by
(a) Prismoidal rule. (b) Trapezoidal rule.

UNIT-III
SHORT QUESTIONS
Blooms
S.N Course
o Question Taxonomy
Outcome
Level
1. Write short note on Blasting charges Remember 5
2. Write short note on Crushing charges Remember 5
3. Write short note on Vibrating charges Remember 5
4. Write short note on Hill road allowance Understand 5
5. Write short note on Allowances in jalli Understand 5
6. Write short note on Area allowances Understand 5
7. Write short note on Scaffolding Understand 5
8. Write short note on Centering charges of R.C.C GL +First
Understand 5
floor
9. Determine the total lead for conveyance of bricks, if the lead is
5.00 km (MR) 10.00km CT and 4.00km ST (Total lead = total Understand 5
equivalent to MR)
 10. Determine the quantity of cement required for 5.00 cum of
Understand 5
R.C.C 1:2:4.

LONG QUESTIONS
Blooms
Course
S.No Question Taxonomy
Outcome
Level
1. Explain the following
(a) Market rate (b) Work-charged establishment. Remember 5
(c) Lump-sum.
2. (a) What is an Estimate? Draw and explain Flow Chart of
Estimation. (b) What is Analysis of Rates? What is the Understand 5
Purpose of Rate Analysis?
3. Calculate the quantity of materials and analyze the rate
required for lime concrete in foundation with 40mm size
Understand 5
brick ballast with 1 lime and 2 surkhi mortar. Proportions
1:2:6 for 1 cu.m
4. Calculate the quantity of materials and analyze the rate
required for lime concrete in foundation with 25mm size Understand 5
stone ballast, lime and sand. Proportions 1:2:4 for 1 cu.m
5. Calculate the quantity of materials for following items:
1. R.C.C (1:2:4) for 20m3 of work Understand 5
2. R.C.C (1:3:6) for 15m3 of work
6. Calculate the quantity of cement in bags required for
following items:
Understand 5
1. C.C(1:4:8) using 40mm HBG metal for 30cu.m of work
2. R.R masonry in C.M (1:5) for 20cu.m of work
7. Explain the following
(a) Market rate. (b) Work-charged establishment. Remember 5
(c) Lump-sum.
8. Describe various steps to be followed for the estimation and
Remember 6
for rate analysis of any item along with a flow chart.
9. (a) List out the purposes and requirements of rate analysis. (b)
Understand 6
What are the factors affecting rate analysis?
10. (a)Calculate the rate for cement concrete (1:2:4) with graded
stone chips from 20 mm down to 6 mm for RCC works
Remember 6
excluding shuttering and reinforcement. (b)Analysis the rate
for cement concrete (1:2:4) pouring into moulds completely.

UNIT-IV
SHORT QUESTIONS
Blooms
Course
S.No Question Taxonomy
Outcome
Level
1. Distinguish between main reinforcement and distribution
Remember 7
reinforcement in R.C.C slab
 2. Distinguish Straight bar and cranked bar Understand 7
3. Distinguish main reinforcement and lateral reinforcement in
Remember 7
R.C.C column
4. Write about sub contractor? Understand 7
5. Explain the term Earnest money deposit Remember 7
6. Explain the term Further security deposit Remember 7
7. Explain the term Add security deposit Understand 7
8. State the necessity of composing penalties on contractor Remember 7
9. What is tender and state the necessity of inviting tenders Remember 7
10. What is contract document? State its importance Understand 7

LONG QUESTIONS
Blooms
Course
S.No Question Taxonomy
Outcome
Level
1. (a) Differentiate between development length in tension and
compression.(b) What do you mean by development length of Understand 7
reinforcement?
2. (a) What are development lengths for plain and deformed
bars. (b) Compare development length in tension and in Understand 7
compression.
3. (a) What do you mean by end anchorage, explain types of end
anchorages (b) What do you mean by development length of Understand 7
reinforcement?
4. Explain the following engineering contracts along with their
advantages and disadvantages. Understand 7
(a) Item rate contract (b) Percentage rate contract.
5. Write a short note on the following:
(a) Time limits for tender notice (b) Sale of tender papers. Remember 7
(c) Global tender.
6. Write a short note on the following:
(a) Informal tender. (b) Opening of tenders. Understand 7
(c) Unbalanced tender.
7. Write a short note on the following:
(a) Comparative statement of tenders (b) Negotiated tender Understand 7
(c) Sealed tender
8. Discuss different categories of contract in detail and
differentiate them with respect to their important Remember 7
characteristics.
9. What is contract document and mention the documents to be
Understand 7
attached to the contract agreement
10. Explain tender notice and tender documents Understand 7
UNIT-V
SHORT QUESTIONS
Blooms
Course
S.No Question Taxonomy
Outcome
Level
1. Define valuation of building and its purpose Remember 8
2. Write short note on Municipal taxes Understand 8
3. Write short note on Scrap value Remember 8
4. Write short note on Salvage value Understand 8
5. Write short note on Market value Remember 8
6. Write short note on Book value Understand 8
7. Write short note on Market value Remember 8
8. Write short note on Ratable value & Obsolescence Understand 8
9. Write short note on Annuity & Capital cost Remember 8
10. Write short note on sinking fund Remember 8

LONG QUESTIONS
Blooms
Course
S.No Question Taxonomy
Outcome
Level
1. Find the plinth area required for the residential
accommodation for an assistant engineer in the pay scale of Understand 8
rupees 400 to 1000 per month.
2. Explain the following method of valuation of a building along
with an example. Understand 8
(a) Valuation based on cost (b) Direct method of valuation.
3. (a)Define valuation and explain the purpose of valuation.
Understand 8
(b)Explain capitalized value with a simple example.
4. Give the detailed specifications of the following items of
works. Remember 8
(a) Color washing (b) Lime concrete in foundation.
5. Give the detailed specifications of the following items of
works.
Understand 8
(a) Galvanized corrugated sheet roofing.
(b) Lime concrete in foundation.
6. Write explanatory notes on any four of the following:
(a) Bill of quantities (b) Schedule of rates
Remember 8
(c) Unbalanced tender (d) Conditions of contract
(e) Arbitration
7. Explain the following:
Remember 8
(a) Sinking fund (b) Capitalised value
8. List and explain general specifications of a second class
Understand 8
building
9. Write detailed specifications of cement concrete (1:2: 4) for
Remember 8
M20.
 10. Find the plinth area required for the residential
accommodation for an assistant engineer in the pay scale of Understand 8
rupees 400 to 1000 per month.

XI. OBJECTIVE QUESTIONS: JNTUH

UNIT-I
1. The measurement units for DPC is ___________
2. The most reliable Estimate is.
3. According to ISI method of measurement, the order of the sequence is
4. Doors & Windows are computed in
5. For Electrification % of the estimated cost of the building works are usually provided
in estimate
6. The main Factor to be considered while preparing a detailed estimate, is
7. Name the types of estimates ___________&___________
8. The measurement units for plastering is ______________
9. Unit quantity for excavation is ___________
10. Depth of DPC is _______________
UNIT-II
1. Mention the types of estimates for finding the quantity of earth work is
______________&___________
2. Lead is a________________ distance
3. Lift is a__________ distance
4. The quantity of earthwork which is cutting is called __________
5. The quantity of earthwork which is filling is called ___________
6. The horizontal distance which is calculated from centre of the burrow pits to the centre of
the spoil bank is called __________________
7. The correct prismoidal formula for volume is___________
8. If the formation level of a highway has a uniform gradient for a particular length, and the
ground is also having a longitudinal slope, the earthwork may be calculated by________
9. If B is the width of formation, d is the height of the embankment, side slope S : 1, for a
highway with no transverse slope, the area of cross-section is_________
10. Berms are provided in canals if these are__________
UNIT-III
1. For 100 sq. m cement concrete (1 : 2: 4) 4 cm thick floor, the quantity of cement required,
is_____________
2. The rate of an item work depends on
3. No of bricks can be laid by a mason in Brick work up to a height of 3m
4. In rate analysis % of charges are provide as water charges to the total cost
5. Broken Bricks are used are for
6. A Reasonable profit of % for the contractor is also include in the analysis of rate
7. % of Contingencies & % of work charged establish is added in estimated cost.
8. Density of mild steel is equal to kg/cum
9. Thickness of Plastering, usually be
10. The measurement is made for stone work in square metre in case of __________
UNIT-IV
1. Name the types of contracts__________&_______________
 2. Tender document is _____________
3. Agreement between two members is called_____________
4. Steel is measured in ____________
5. Bar bending schedule is _____________
6. Tender notice is _________________
7. Name the reinforcements required in beams__________
8. In the absence of detailed designs the percentage of reinforcement is assumed for column
is = _______
9. What is the top and bottom cover for slabs = __________
10. What is the % of the EMD has to be deposited by all the tenders while submitting their
tenders = _________________
UNIT-V
1. Depreciation is __________
2. _______________ is a process of ascertaining the fair price value or value of property at
a specified time.
3. The various methods of calculating depreciations are
4. The main types of leases are ____________.
5. Write the types of specifications ______________.
6. When the life of the building is over, after its utility period, the dismantled material such
as bricks, timber, steel, etc will fetch certain amount is called __________.
7. ______________ is an assessment of the physical wear and tear of a building or property
or equipment and is depends upon its condition, maintenance and made of use.
8. Sinking fund is _________
9. Purpose of valuation _________
10. Book value is ___________
11. the methods of valuation is
XII. GATE QUESTIONS:
NA
IES
NA
XIII. WEBSITES:
1. http://www.asce.org
2. http://www.icivilengineer.com
3. http://www.construction-guide.in
XIV. EXPERT DETAILS:
XV. JOURNALS:

0970-1141 Thesis Digest on Civil Engineering 1987

0973-8061 International Engineering and Techn ology Journal of Civil 2007
and Structure
0975-5314 International journal of civil engineering 2009
0975-6744 Journal of information knowledge and research in civil 2009
engineering
0976-6308 International journal of civil engineering and technology 2010
2249-426X International Journal of Civil Engineering and Applications 2011
2249-8753 Recent Trends in Civil Engineering and Technology 2011
 2277-5986 World Research Journal of Civil Engineering 2011
2277-7032 International Journal of Structural and Civil Engineering 2012
2278-9987 International Journal of Civil Engineering (IJCE) 2012
2319-6009 International Journal of Structural and Civil Engineering 2012
Research
2320-723X International Journal of Advanced Research in Civil, 2013
Structural, Environmental and Infrastructure Engineering
and Developing

XVI. LIST OF TOPICS FOR STUDENT SEMINARS:

1. Items of building construction

2. Estimating and Costing
3. SSR & Standard Data
4. Methods of calculation of volume of earth work
5. Analysis of Rates
6. Bar Bending Schedule
7. Contracts
8. Valuation of Building

XVII. CASE STUDIES / SMALL PROJECTS: